A molar microwear texture analysis of pitheciid primates
In this study, we explored whether measures of molar microwear texture complexity discriminate taxa following variation in reliance upon seeds, and whether dispersion among variables is greatest in Callicebus, which has the most variable diet. Here we report results for a study of microwear textures on M2 “Phase II” facets of Ch. satanas (N = 14), P. irrorata (N = 8), and Ca. moloch (N = 24) from the Brazilian Amazon (Oriximina, UHE Samuel, and Taperinha, respectively). Textures examined using a scanning confocal profiler showed significant differences in central tendencies for three measures: mean dale are...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - September 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Anna J. Ragni, Mark F. Teaford, Peter S. Ungar Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Genetic variants related to disease susceptibility and immunotolerance in the Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC, Fy) gene in the black lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysopygus, primates)
The DARC (Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines) gene encodes the DARC protein, which serves multiple roles in the immune system, as a binding site for the malarial parasites Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi, a promiscuous chemokine receptor and a blood group antigen. Variation in DARC may play particularly significant roles in innate immunity, immunotolerance and pathogen entry in callitrichines, such as the black lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysopygus). We compared amino acid sequences of DARC in the black lion tamarin (BLT) to non‐human Haplorhine primates and Homo sapiens. Consistent with prior studies in o...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - September 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Ashley Ansel, James D. Lewis, Don J. Melnick, Cristiana Martins, Claudio Valladares ‐Padua, Beatriz Perez‐Sweeney Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Reduced range of the endangered crested capuchin monkey (Sapajus robustus) and a possible hybrid zone with Sapajus nigritus
The crested capuchin monkey (Sapajus robustus) is an endangered species endemic to the highly fragmented Atlantic Forest of Brazil. Surveys for S. robustus were carried out over a 25‐month period (2003–2005) to obtain more precise geographical limits for the western range of the species. Previously published localities for S. robustus were mapped, and each point was given a 25‐km radius “buffer zone.” The largest forest remnants in the buffer zones (>300 ha) in Minas Gerais were visited in order to interview the local people and/or survey the forests directly using playback recordings of S. robustus. Camera ...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - September 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Waldney Pereira Martins, Jessica Lynch Alfaro, Anthony B. Rylands Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Estimating activity of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) using accelerometers
In this study, we tested the use of accelerometers for studying the activity of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). We modeled the activity of a male and a female subject by matching continuous focal observations from video recordings to sensor parameters derived from collar‐mounted accelerometers. Models achieved classification performance (AUC) of greater than 90% for both subjects, with similar results when subjects were cross‐validated. Accelerometer‐based estimates of activity had comparable accuracies to estimates from instantaneous sampling at 1 min and 5 min intervals. We further demonstrated the use of m...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - September 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: John C. M. Sha, Akihisa Kaneko, Naoko Suda ‐Hashimoto, Tianmeng He, Makiko Take, Peng Zhang, Goro Hanya Tags: NEW APPROACHES Source Type: research
Diet and feeding behavior of a group of 42 Phayre's langurs in a seasonal habitat in Mt. Gaoligong, Yunnan, China
In habitats such as temperate evergreen forests, fruit, and seed productivity is reported to exhibit marked changes in seasonal availability, such that fruit is most available in summer and seeds are most available in autumn. Primates living in these habitats, therefore, are expected to adjust their diets in response to the spatial and temporal variation in these food resources. We studied the diet and feeding behavior of a group of 42 Phayre's langurs (Trachypithecus phayrei) living in a northern (24°48′N) montane habitat (1,700–2,350 m) in Mt. Gaoligong, Yunnan, China from August 2012 to July 2013. The langurs wer...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - September 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Chi Ma, Peng ‐Fei Fan, Zhong‐Yuan Zhang, Jia‐Hong Li, Xiao‐Chun Shi, Wen Xiao Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Using video and theater to increase knowledge and change attitudes —Why are gorillas important to the world and to Congo?
Applying environmental education in primate range countries is an important long‐term activity to stimulate pro‐conservation behavior. Within captive settings, mega‐charismatic species, such as great apes are often used to increase knowledge and positively influence attitudes of visitors. Here, we evaluate the effectiveness of a short‐term video and theater program developed for a Western audience and adapted to rural people living in two villages around Nouabalé‐Ndoki National Park, Republic of Congo. We assessed the knowledge gain and attitude change using oral evaluation in the local language (N = 111). O...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - August 28, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Thomas Breuer, Franck Barrel Mavinga, Ron Evans, Kristen E. Lukas Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Issue Information
(Source: American Journal of Primatology)
Source: American Journal of Primatology - August 18, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: ISSUE INFORMATION Source Type: research
Correlates of androgens in wild male Barbary macaques: Testing the challenge hypothesis
Investigating causes and consequences of variation in hormonal expression is a key focus in behavioral ecology. Many studies have explored patterns of secretion of the androgen testosterone in male vertebrates, using the challenge hypothesis (Wingfield, Hegner, Dufty, & Ball, 1990; The American Naturalist, 136(6), 829–846) as a theoretical framework. Rather than the classic association of testosterone with male sexual behavior, this hypothesis predicts that high levels of testosterone are associated with male–male reproductive competition but also inhibit paternal care. The hypothesis was originally developed for b...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - August 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Alan V. Rincon, La ëtitia Maréchal, Stuart Semple, Bonaventura Majolo, Ann MacLarnon Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
High mortality associated with tapeworm parasitism in geladas (Theropithecus gelada) in the Simien Mountains National Park, Ethiopia
Despite increasing appreciation for parasitism as an important component of primate ecology and evolution, surprisingly few studies have demonstrated the costs of helminth parasitism in primates. Detecting parasite‐related costs in primates is particularly difficult because it requires detailed, long‐term data on individual host reproductive success, survival, and parasitism. The identification of the larval tapeworm Taenia serialis in geladas under intensive long‐term study in the Ethiopian Highlands (Nguyen et al. [2015] American Journal of Primatology, 77:579–594; Schneider‐Crease et al. [2013] Veterinary Para...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - August 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: India Schneider ‐Crease, Randi H. Griffin, Megan A. Gomery, Thore J. Bergman, Jacinta C. Beehner Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Sleeping above the enemy: Sleeping site choice by black ‐fronted titi monkeys (Callicebus nigrifrons)
The costs imposed by predation may result in behavioral adaptations to reduce mortality risk, including the choice and use of sleeping sites. The threat of predation, however, is rarely the sole force shaping sleeping site choice, which is likely to reflect other factors such as foraging needs as well. Here we describe the use of sleeping sites by three groups of small Neotropical monkeys, the black‐fronted titi monkeys (Callicebus nigrifrons), and evaluate the role of predation pressure and foraging optimization in their choice of sleeping sites. We monitored each group for 9–20 months at two Atlantic Forest sites in ...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - August 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Christini B. Caselli, Carla C. Gestich, Mariana B. Nagy ‐Reis Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Resilience of experimentally seeded dietary traditions in wild vervets: Evidence from group fissions
Controlled laboratory experiments have delivered extensive and compelling evidence for the diffusion and maintenance of socially learned behavior in primates and other animals. Such evidence is rarer in the wild, but we show that a behavior seeded in a majority of individuals within vervet monkey (Chlorocebus pygerythus) groups may be sustained across several years. Here, we report results of two natural fission events in such groups that offer novel evidence of the resilience of socially transmitted group norms of behavior. Before fission, high ranked females exhibited an almost exclusive adherence to a group preference a...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - August 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Erica van de Waal, Carel P. van Schaik, Andrew Whiten Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Membership analysis of the American Society of Primatologists through 2015 and planning for future
(Source: American Journal of Primatology)
Source: American Journal of Primatology - August 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Kimberley A. Phillips, Marilyn A. Norconk Tags: EDITORIAL Source Type: research
Morbidity and mortality in infant mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei): A 46 ‐year retrospective review
Long‐term studies of morbidity and mortality in free‐ranging primates are scarce, but may have important implications for the conservation of extant populations. Infants comprise a particularly important age group, as variation in survival rates may have a strong influence on population dynamics. Since 1968, the Mountain Gorilla Veterinary Project (MGVP, Inc.) and government partners have conducted a comprehensive health monitoring and disease investigation program on mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) in Rwanda, Uganda, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. In an effort to better understand diseases in ...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - July 27, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: James M. Hassell, Dawn Zimmerman, Michael R. Cranfield, Kirsten Gilardi, Antoine Mudakikwa, Jan Ramer, Elisabeth Nyirakaragire, Linda J. Lowenstine Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Issue Information
(Source: American Journal of Primatology)
Source: American Journal of Primatology - July 17, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: ISSUE INFORMATION Source Type: research
The Critically Endangered western chimpanzee declines by 80%
African large mammals are under extreme pressure from unsustainable hunting and habitat loss. Certain traits make large mammals particularly vulnerable. These include late age at first reproduction, long inter‐birth intervals, and low population density. Great apes are a prime example of such vulnerability, exhibiting all of these traits. Here we assess the rate of population change for the western chimpanzee, Pan troglodytes verus, over a 24‐year period. As a proxy for change in abundance, we used transect nest count data from 20 different sites archived in the IUCN SSC A.P.E.S. database, representing 25,000 of the es...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - July 3, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Hjalmar S. K ühl, Tenekwetsche Sop, Elizabeth A. Williamson, Roger Mundry, David Brugière, Genevieve Campbell, Heather Cohen, Emmanuel Danquah, Laura Ginn, Ilka Herbinger, Sorrel Jones, Jessica Junker, Rebecca Kormos, Celestin Y. Kouakou, Paul K. N'Gora Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
