Issue Information
(Source: American Journal of Primatology)
Source: American Journal of Primatology - January 11, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: ISSUE INFORMATION Source Type: research
Recent advances in primate nutritional ecology
Nutritional ecology seeks to explain, in an ecological and evolutionary context, how individuals choose, acquire, and process food to satisfy their nutritional requirements. Historically, studies of primate feeding ecology have focused on characterizing diets in terms of the botanical composition of the plants consumed. Further, dietary studies have demonstrated how patch and food choice in relation to time spent foraging and feeding are influenced by the spatial and temporal distribution of resources and by social factors such as feeding competition, dominance, or partner preferences. From a nutritional perspective, sever...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - December 31, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Nicoletta Righini Tags: INTRODUCTION Source Type: research
Description of a new species of Hoolock gibbon (Primates: Hylobatidae) based on integrative taxonomy
We describe a species of Hoolock gibbon (Primates: Hylobatidae) that is new to science from eastern Myanmar and southwestern China. The genus of hoolock gibbons comprises two previously described living species, the western (Hoolock hoolock) and eastern hoolock (H. leuconedys) gibbons, geographically isolated by the Chindwin River. We assessed the morphological and genetic characteristics of wild animals and museum specimens, and conducted multi‐disciplinary analyses using mitochondrial genomic sequences, external morphology, and craniodental characters to evaluate the taxonomic status of the hoolock population in China....
Source: American Journal of Primatology - December 31, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Peng ‐Fei Fan, Kai He, Xing Chen, Alejandra Ortiz, Bin Zhang, Chao Zhao, Yun‐Qiao Li, Hai‐Bo Zhang, Clare Kimock, Wen‐Zhi Wang, Colin Groves, Samuel T. Turvey, Christian Roos, Kristofer M. Helgen, Xue‐Long Jiang Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Analysis of sea almond (Terminalia catappa) cracking sites used by wild Burmese long ‐tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis aurea)
Nut‐cracking is shared by all non‐human primate taxa that are known to habitually use percussive stone tools in the wild: robust capuchins (Sapajus spp.), western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus), and Burmese long‐tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis aurea). Despite opportunistically processing nuts, Burmese long‐tailed macaques predominantly use stone tools to process mollusks in coastal environments. Here, we present the first comprehensive survey of sea almond (Terminalia catappa) nut‐cracking sites created by macaques. We mapped T. catappa trees and nut‐cracking sites that we encountered along the intert...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - December 31, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Tiago Fal ótico, Noemi Spagnoletti, Michael Haslam, Lydia V. Luncz, Suchinda Malaivijitnond, Michael Gumert Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Fluid dipping technology of chimpanzees in Como é National Park, Ivory Coast
Over a 6 month period during the dry season, from the end of October 2014 to the beginning of May 2015, we studied tool use behavior of previously unstudied and non‐habituated savanna chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) living in the Comoé National Park, Ivory Coast (CI). We analyzed all the stick tools and leaf‐sponges found that the chimpanzees used to forage for ants, termites, honey, and water. We found a particular behavior to be widespread across different chimpanzee communities in the park, namely, dipping for water from tree holes using sticks with especially long brush‐tip modifications, using camera traps,...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - December 22, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Juan Lapuente, Thurston C. Hicks, K. Eduard Linsenmair Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Issue Information
(Source: American Journal of Primatology)
Source: American Journal of Primatology - December 19, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Issue Information Source Type: research
Ten years of orangutan ‐related wildlife crime investigation in West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Poaching for the pet trade is considered one of the main threats to orangutan survival, especially to the Bornean species (Pongo pygmaeus). However, there have been few attempts to quantify the number of individuals taken from the wild or to evaluate the drivers of the trade. Most orangutan poaching is thought to be opportunistic in nature, occurring in conjunction with deforestation for large‐scale agriculture. Using data from our long‐term wildlife crime field investigation program collected from 2004 to 2014, we evaluated the prevalence of orangutan poaching and its spatial distribution in and around Gunung Palung N...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - November 30, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Cathryn Freund, Edi Rahman, Cheryl Knott Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Metabolomic data suggest regulation of black howler monkey (Alouatta pigra) diet composition at the molecular level
In this study we use GC‐MS based metabolomics to describe the metabolite profiles of foods consumed by one population of Mexican black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra) over a 10‐month period. Our data indicate that each food exhibited a distinct metabolite profile, and the average weekly intake of metabolites such as neochlorogenic acid and serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine) was correlated with the consumption of certain plant parts. We speculate that these patterns result in temporal changes in howler monkey physiology such as food retention time. In contrast, variation in the weekly intake of metabolites such as oxalic...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - November 30, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Katherine R. Amato, Alexander Ulanov, Kou ‐San Ju, Paul A. Garber Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Chimpanzee seed dispersal in a montane forest fragment in Rwanda
This study emphasizes the importance of chimpanzees as large seed dispersers in regenerating forest fragments.
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
Chimpanzees in Gishwati disperse a significant number of large seeds.
Large‐bodied seed dispersers, like chimpanzees, are particularly important in regenerating forest fragments. (Source: American Journal of Primatology)
Source: American Journal of Primatology - November 30, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Rebecca L. Chancellor, Aaron S. Rundus, Sylvain Nyandwi Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Chimpanzee uses manipulative gaze cues to conceal and reveal information to foraging competitor
Tactical deception has been widely reported in primates on a functional basis, but details of behavioral mechanisms are usually unspecified. We tested a pair of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in the informed forager paradigm, in which the subordinate saw the location of hidden food and the dominant did not. We employed cross‐correlations to examine temporal contingencies between chimpanzees’ behavior: specifically how the direction of the subordinate's gaze and movement functioned to manipulate the dominant's searching behavior through two tactics, withholding, and misleading information. In Experiment 1, not only did t...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - November 28, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Katie Hall, Mike W. Oram, Matthew W. Campbell, Timothy M. Eppley, Richard W. Byrne, Frans B.M. de Waal Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Nutritional ecology of wild Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) in a peat swamp habitat: Effects of age, sex, and season
We examined variation in nutrient intake among age‐sex classes and seasons over a 7‐year period at the Tuanan Orangutan Research Station in Central Kalimantan. We conducted 2,316 full‐day focal follows on 62 habituated orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii). We found differences in total energy and macronutrient intake across age‐sex classes, controlling for metabolic body mass. Intake of both total energy and macronutrients varied with fruit availability, and preference of dietary items increased with their nutritional quality. Foraging‐related variables, such as day journey length, travel time, and feeding time, a...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - November 26, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Erin R. Vogel, Shauhin E. Alavi, Sri Suci Utami ‐Atmoko, Maria A. van Noordwijk, Timothy D. Bransford, Wendy M. Erb, Astri Zulfa, Fransiska Sulistyo, Wartika Rosa Farida, Jessica M. Rothman Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Phylogeny, phylogenetic inference, and cranial evolution in pitheciids and Aotus
Pitheciids, one of the major radiations of New World monkeys endemic to South and Central America, are distributed in the Amazon and Orinoco basins, and include Callicebus, Cacajao, Chiropotes, and Pithecia. Molecular phylogenetics strongly support pitheciid monophyly, whereas morphological analyses infer a range of phylogenies including a sister relationship between Aotus and Callicebus. We collected geometric morphometric cranial data from pitheciids and Aotus, and used cranial data for distance‐based phylogenetic analysis and tests of phylogenetic signal. Phylogenetic analyses of pitheciids were repeated with Lagothri...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - November 21, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Alexander Bjarnason, Christophe Soligo, Sarah Elton Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Spatiotemporal requirements of the Hainan gibbon: Does home range constrain recovery of the world's rarest ape?
Conservation management requires an evidence‐based approach, as uninformed decisions can signify the difference between species recovery and loss. The Hainan gibbon, the world's rarest ape, reportedly exploits the largest home range of any gibbon species, with these apparently large spatial requirements potentially limiting population recovery. However, previous home range assessments rarely reported survey methods, effort, or analytical approaches, hindering critical evaluation of estimate reliability. For extremely rare species where data collection is challenging, it also is unclear what impact such limitations have o...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - November 7, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Jessica V. Bryant, Xingyuan Zeng, Xiaojiang Hong, Helen J. Chatterjee, Samuel T. Turvey Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Feeding habits of marmosets: A case study of bark anatomy and chemical composition of Anadenanthera peregrina gum
This study characterizes the chemical composition of exudates, and the anatomy and hystochemistry of the secretory ducts in the bark of Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg. var. peregrina (Fabaceae). Exudates from this tree species represent an important component of the diet of hybrid marmosets, Callithrix spp. (Primates: Cebidae). A. peregrina was selected as the focal study tree because it is the only gum tree species exploited by Callithrix groups present within five urban forest fragments in the municipality of Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Gum samples were obtained directly from gouges made by the marmosets, whi...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - November 4, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Talitha Mayumi Francisco, Karina Lucas Barbosa Lopes ‐Mattos, Edgard Augusto de Toledo Picoli, Dayvid Rodrigues Couto, Juraci Alves Oliveira, José Cola Zanuncio, José Eduardo Serrão, Ita de Oliveira Silva, Vanner Boere Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Immunoglobulin A and nutrients in milk from great apes throughout lactation
This study characterized the macronutrient and secretory (sIgA) profiles in milk from gorillas and orangutans throughout lactation. Fifty‐three milk samples from four gorillas and three orangutans were collected throughout 48 and 22 months postpartum (MPP), respectively. Samples were grouped in five stages of lactation (0 to 6 months, more than 6 months to 12 months, more than 12 months to 18 months, more than 18 months to 36 months, and more than 36 months to 48 months). Data were analyzed as a complete randomized design. Concentration of sIgA did not change due to species or its interaction with MPP. Crude protein, reg...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - November 3, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Miriam Garcia, Michael L. Power, Kasey M. Moyes Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
