AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Molecular determinants of transport function in zebrafish Slc34a Na-phosphate transporters
The epithelial Na+-coupled phosphate cotransporter family Slc34a (NaPi-II) is well conserved in vertebrates and plays an essential role in maintaining whole body levels of inorganic phosphate (Pi). A three-dimensional model of the transport protein has recently been proposed with defined substrate coordination sites. Zebrafish express two NaPi-II isoforms with high sequence identity but a 10-fold different apparent Km for Pi (K0.5Pi). We took advantage of the two zebrafish isoforms to investigate the contribution of specific amino acids to Pi coordination and transport. Mutations were introduced to gradually transform the ...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - December 21, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Werner, A., Patti, M., Zinad, H. S., Fearn, A., Laude, A., Forster, I. Tags: Fluid and electrolyte homeostasis Source Type: research

Sex differences in the metabolic dysfunction and insulin resistance of skeletal muscle glucose transport following high fructose ingestion
The role of high fructose ingestion (HFI) in the development of conditions mimicking human metabolic syndrome has mostly been demonstrated in male animals; however, the extent of HFI-induced metabolic alterations in females remains unclear. The present study investigated whether HFI-induced metabolic perturbations differ between sexes and whether HFI aggravates the metabolic disturbances under ovarian hormone deprivation. Male, female, and ovariectomized (OVX) Sprague-Dawley rats were given either water or liquid fructose (10% wt/vol) for 6 wk. Blood pressure, glucose tolerance, insulin-stimulated glucose transport activit...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - December 21, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Rattanavichit, Y., Chukijrungroat, N., Saengsirisuwan, V. Tags: Call for Papers Source Type: research

Reduced uterine perfusion pressure T-helper 17 cells cause pathophysiology associated with preeclampsia during pregnancy
In conclusion, RUPP TH17 cells induced intrauterine growth restriction and increased blood pressure, AT1-AA, IL-6, and tissue oxidative stress when transferred to NP rats, indicating a role for autoimmune associated TH17 cells, to cause much of the pathophysiology associated with preeclampsia. (Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology)
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - December 21, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Cornelius, D. C., Amaral, L. M., Wallace, K., Campbell, N., Thomas, A. J., Scott, J., Herse, F., Wallukat, G., Dechend, R., LaMarca, B. Tags: Call for Papers Source Type: research

Novel developments in differentiating the role of renal and intestinal sodium hydrogen exchanger 3
The Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3) facilitates Na+ absorption and H+ secretion and is expressed in the intestine, proximal tubule, and thick ascending limb of the kidney. While the function of NHE3 for Na+ and HCO3–(re)absorption has been defined using conventional NHE3 knockout mice (NHE3–/–), the recent generation of conditional NHE3 knockout mice started to give critical new insight into the role of this protein by allowing for temporal and spatial control of NHE3 expression. For example, in contrast to NHE3–/– mice, knockout of NHE3 in the S1 and S2 segments of the proximal tubule or al...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - December 21, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Dominguez Rieg, J. A., de la Mora Chavez, S., Rieg, T. Tags: Review Source Type: research

Angiotensin-(1-7) protects from brain damage induced by shiga toxin 2-producing enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli
Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2)-producing enterohemorrhagic induced brain damage. Since a cerebroprotective action was reported for angiotensin (Ang)-(1–7), our aim was to investigate whether Ang-(1–7) protects from brain damage induced by Stx2-producing enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. The anterior hypothalamic area of adult male Wistar rats was injected with saline solution or Stx2 or Stx2 plus Ang-(1–7) or Stx2 plus Ang-(1–7) plus A779. Rats received a single injection of Stx2 at the beginning of the experiment, and Ang-(1–7), A779, or saline was administered daily in a single injection for 8 days....
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - November 30, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Goldstein, J., Carden, T. R., Perez, M. J., Taira, C. A., Höcht, C., Gironacci, M. M. Tags: Hormones, Reproduction and Development Source Type: research

Developmental plasticity of mitochondrial function in American alligators, Alligator mississippiensis
The effect of hypoxia on cellular metabolism is well documented in adult vertebrates, but information is entirely lacking for embryonic organisms. The effect of hypoxia on embryonic physiology is particularly interesting, as metabolic responses during development may have life-long consequences, due to developmental plasticity. To this end, we investigated the effects of chronic developmental hypoxia on cardiac mitochondrial function in embryonic and juvenile American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis). Alligator eggs were incubated in 21% or 10% oxygen from 20 to 90% of embryonic development. Embryos were either harv...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - November 30, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Galli, G. L. J., Crossley, J., Elsey, R. M., Dzialowski, E. M., Shiels, H. A., Crossley, D. A. Tags: Hormones, Reproduction and Development Source Type: research

Serelaxin improves the pathophysiology of placental ischemia in the reduced uterine perfusion pressure rat model of preeclampsia
In conclusion, Serelaxin improved blood pressure, sFlt-1, TNF-α, UARI, and nitric oxide bioavailability and PPET-1 in a rat model of preeclampsia, thereby suggesting a potential therapeutic role for RLX in maintaining maternal health and prolonging pregnancy in the face of placental ischemia. (Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology)
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - November 30, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Santiago-Font, J. A., Amaral, L. M., Faulkner, J., Ibrahim, T., Vaka, V. R., Cunningham, M. W., LaMarca, B. Tags: Hormones, Reproduction and Development Source Type: research

Intestinal inflammation without weight loss decreases bone density and growth
Increasing evidence indicates a strong link between intestinal health and bone health. For example, inflammatory bowel disease can cause systemic inflammation, weight loss, and extra-intestinal manifestations, such as decreased bone growth and density. However, the effects of moderate intestinal inflammation without weight loss on bone health have never been directly examined; yet this condition is relevant not only to IBD but to conditions of increased intestinal permeability and inflammation, as seen with ingestion of high-fat diets, intestinal dysbiosis, irritable bowel syndrome, metabolic syndrome, and food allergies. ...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - November 30, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Irwin, R., Raehtz, S., Parameswaran, N., McCabe, L. R. Tags: Hormones, Reproduction and Development Source Type: research

Mice lacking {beta}-carotene-15,15-dioxygenase exhibit reduced serum testosterone, prostatic androgen receptor signaling, and prostatic cellular proliferation
β-Carotene-15,15’-dioxygenase (BCO1) cleaves dietary carotenoids at the central 15,15’ double bond, most notably acting on β-carotene to yield retinal. However, Bco1 disruption also impacts diverse physiological end points independent of dietary carotenoid feeding, including expression of genes controlling androgen metabolism. Using the Bco1–/– mouse model, we sought to probe the effects of Bco1 disruption on testicular steroidogenesis, prostatic androgen signaling, and prostatic proliferation. Male wild-type (WT) and Bco1–/– mice were raised on carotenoid-free AIN-93G diets be...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - November 30, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Smith, J. W., Ford, N. A., Thomas-Ahner, J. M., Moran, N. E., Bolton, E. C., Wallig, M. A., Clinton, S. K., Erdman, J. W. Tags: Hormones, Reproduction and Development Source Type: research

CLOCK regulates mammary epithelial cell growth and differentiation
Circadian clocks influence virtually all physiological processes, including lactation. Here, we investigate the role of the CLOCK gene in regulation of mammary epithelial cell growth and differentiation. Comparison of mammary morphology in late-pregnant wild-type and Clock19 mice, showed that gland development was negatively impacted by genetic loss of a functional timing system. To understand whether these effects were due, in part, to loss of CLOCK function in the gland, the mouse mammary epithelial cell line, HC11, was transfected with short hairpin RNA that targeted Clock (shClock). Cells transfected with shClock expre...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - November 30, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Casey, T., Crodian, J., Suarez-Trujillo, A., Erickson, E., Weldon, B., Crow, K., Cummings, S., Chen, Y., Shamay, A., Mabjeesh, S. J., Plaut, K. Tags: Hormones, Reproduction and Development Source Type: research

Interactive effects of maternal cigarette smoke, heat stress, hypoxia, and lipopolysaccharide on neonatal cardiorespiratory and cytokine responses
This study examines whether maternal CS exposure causes maladaptations within homeostatic control networks by influencing the response to lipopolysaccharide, heat stress, and/or hypoxia in neonatal rats. Pregnant dams were exposed to CS or parallel sham treatments daily for the length of gestation. Offspring were studied at postnatal days 6–8 at ambient temperatures (Ta) of 33°C or 38°C. Within each group, rats were allocated to control, saline, or LPS (200 µg/kg) treatments. Cardiorespiratory patterns were examined using head-out plethysmography and ECG surface electrodes during normoxia and hypoxia (1...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - November 30, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: McDonald, F. B., Chandrasekharan, K., Wilson, R. J. A., Hasan, S. U. Tags: Respiration Source Type: research

Breathing while altricial: the ontogeny of ventilatory chemosensitivity in red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) nestlings
Altricial bird species, like red-winged blackbirds, hatch at an immature state of functional maturity with limited aerobic capacity and no endothermic capacity. Over the next 10–12 days in the nest, red-winged blackbirds develop increased metabolic capacity before fledging. Although ontogeny of respiration has been described in precocial birds, ontogeny of ventilatory chemosensitivity is unknown in altricial species. Here we examined developmental changes in chemosensitivity of tidal volume (Vt), breathing frequency (f), minute ventilation (Ve), and whole animal oxygen consumption (Vo2) from hatching to just before f...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - November 30, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Dzialowski, E. M., Sirsat, T. S., Sirsat, S. K. G., Price, E. R. Tags: Respiration Source Type: research

Imatinib attenuates cerebrovascular injury and phenotypic transformation after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats
This study explored the hypothesis that intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) promotes release of diffusible factors that can significantly influence the structure and function of cerebral arteries remote from the site of injury, through action on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptors. Four groups of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were studied (n = 8 each): 1) sham; 2) sham + 60 mg/kg ip imatinib; 3) ICH (collagenase method); and 4) ICH + 60 mg/kg ip imatinib given 60 min after injury. At 24 h after injury, sham artery passive diameters (+3 mM EGTA) averaged 244 ± 7 µm (at 60 mmHg). ICH significantly increa...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - November 30, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Pearce, W. J., Doan, C., Carreon, D., Kim, D., Durrant, L. M., Manaenko, A., McCoy, L., Obenaus, A., Zhang, J. H., Tang, J. Tags: Cardiovascular and Renal Integration Source Type: research

Hyperinsulinemic-normoglycemic clamp administered together with amino acids induces anabolism after cardiac surgery
In conclusion, hyperinsulinemic-normoglycemic clamp technique, together with AA supplementation, can induce an anabolic state after open-heart surgery, as quantified by a positive whole body protein balance. (Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology)
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - November 30, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Codere-Maruyama, T., Schricker, T., Shum-Tim, D., Wykes, L., Nitschmann, E., Guichon, C., Kristof, A. S., Hatzakorzian, R. Tags: Cardiovascular and Renal Integration Source Type: research

Type 1 diabetes modulates cyclooxygenase- and nitric oxide-dependent mechanisms governing sweating but not cutaneous vasodilation during exercise in the heat
Both cyclooxygenase (COX) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) contribute to sweating, whereas NOS alone contributes to cutaneous vasodilation during exercise in the heat. Here, we evaluated if Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) modulates these responses. Adults with (n = 11, 25 ± 5 yr) and without (n = 12, 24 ± 4 yr) T1DM performed two bouts of 30-min cycling at a fixed rate of heat production of 400 W in the heat (35°C); each followed by a 20- and 40-min recovery period, respectively. Sweat rate and cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) were measured at four intradermal microdialysis sites treated with either 1)...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - November 30, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Fujii, N., Dervis, S., Sigal, R. J., Kenny, G. P. Tags: Cardiovascular and Renal Integration Source Type: research