AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Lack of skeletal muscle IL-6 influences hepatic glucose metabolism in mice during prolonged exercise
In conclusion, hepatic gluconeogenic capacity in mice is increased during prolonged exercise independent of muscle IL-6. Furthermore, Skeletal muscle IL-6 influences hepatic substrate regulation at rest and hepatic glucose metabolism during prolonged exercise, seemingly independent of IL-6 signaling in the liver. (Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology)
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - April 7, 2017 Category: Physiology Authors: Bertholdt, L., Gudiksen, A., Schwartz, C. L., Knudsen, J. G., Pilegaard, H. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Effect of food deprivation or short-term Western diet feeding on BDNF protein expression in the hypothalamic arcuate, paraventricular, and ventromedial nuclei
Mutations in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene are associated with human obesity, and BDNF has potent inhibitory effects on eating and body weight. Little is known about the effects of energy balance manipulations on BDNF protein in the hypothalamus, though this brain region is critical for regulation of feeding and body weight and has high levels of BDNF. Here we investigated the effects of negative and positive energy status on BDNF protein levels in the arcuate (ARC), paraventricular, and ventromedial (VMH) hypothalamic nuclei and the ectorhinal cortex. To achieve this, mice were food deprived for 48 h o...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - April 7, 2017 Category: Physiology Authors: Gilland, K. E., Fox, E. A. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Glucose elicits cephalic-phase insulin release in mice by activating KATP channels in taste cells
The taste of sugar elicits cephalic-phase insulin release (CPIR), which limits the rise in blood glucose associated with meals. Little is known, however, about the gustatory mechanisms that trigger CPIR. We asked whether oral stimulation with any of the following taste stimuli elicited CPIR in mice: glucose, sucrose, maltose, fructose, Polycose, saccharin, sucralose, AceK, SC45647, or a nonmetabolizable sugar analog. The only taste stimuli that elicited CPIR were glucose and the glucose-containing saccharides (sucrose, maltose, Polycose). When we mixed an α-glucosidase inhibitor (acarbose) with the latter three sacch...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - April 7, 2017 Category: Physiology Authors: Glendinning, J. I., Frim, Y. G., Hochman, A., Lubitz, G. S., Basile, A. J., Sclafani, A. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Upregulation of fatty acid amide hydrolase in the dorsal periaqueductal gray is associated with neuropathic pain and reduced heart rate in rats
This study demonstrates that reduced anandamide content and upregulation of FAAH in the dPAG are associated with hyperalgesia and reduced heart rate sustained weeks after nerve injury. These data provide support for the evaluation of FAAH inhibitors for the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain. (Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology)
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - April 7, 2017 Category: Physiology Authors: Dean, C., Hillard, C. J., Seagard, J. L., Hopp, F. A., Hogan, Q. H. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Sport-related concussion induces transient cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction
This study investigated the initial effects of concussion on cardiovascular function using three autonomic reflex tests. Twenty-three recreational athletes (12 women, 11 men) were divided into concussed (n = 12) and control (n = 11) groups. Concussed participants performed forced breathing, standing, and Valsalva autonomic tests four times: 1) within 48 h of injury; 2) 24 h later; 3) 1 wk after injury; and 4) 2 wk after injury. The controls performed the same tests on the same schedule. Differences in heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) responses to the tests were continuously...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - April 7, 2017 Category: Physiology Authors: Dobson, J. L., Yarbrough, M. B., Perez, J., Evans, K., Buckley, T. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Seasonal expressions of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor and luteinizing hormone receptor in the scented gland of the male muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus)
Accumulating evidence has shown that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) may influence the functions of nongonadal tissues in addition to their classic target gonads. Our previous studies revealed that the scented glands of male muskrats expressed prolactin receptor, steroidogenic enzymes, and inhibin/activin subunits. To further seek the evidence of the activities of pituitary gonadotropins in scented glands, we investigated the seasonal expression patterns of FSH receptor (FSHR) and LH/choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR). The weight and size of scented glands during the breeding season were si...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - April 7, 2017 Category: Physiology Authors: Zhang, H., Zhang, F., Zhu, M., Wang, J., Sheng, X., Yuan, Z., Han, Y., Watanabe, G., Taya, K., Weng, Q. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Relaxin confers cytotrophoblast protection from hypoxia-reoxygenation injury through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt/protein kinase B cell survival pathway
Preeclampsia is a hypertensive syndrome that manifests after 20 wk of gestation. Contemporary understanding of the maternal-fetal interface in preeclampsia suggests a major role for placental oxidative stress resulting from ischemia-reperfusion injury. We hypothesized that the pregnancy hormone relaxin would reduce cytotrophoblast apoptosis and necrosis (aponecrosis) and, hence, the export of placental debris into the maternal circulation. If so, then relaxin might be employed as a therapeutic intervention to diminish the activation of the maternal systemic inflammatory response central to the development of clinical disea...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - April 7, 2017 Category: Physiology Authors: Ogunleye, O., Campo, B., Herrera, D., Post Uiterweer, E. D., Conrad, K. P. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Influence of the coronary circulation on thermal tolerance and cardiac performance during warming in rainbow trout
Thermal tolerance in fish may be related to an oxygen limitation of cardiac function. While the hearts of some fish species receive oxygenated blood via a coronary circulation, the influence of this oxygen supply on thermal tolerance and cardiac performance during warming remain unexplored. Here, we analyzed the effect in vivo of acute warming on coronary blood flow in adult sexually mature rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) and the consequences of chronic coronary ligation on cardiac function and thermal tolerance in juvenile trout. Coronary blood flow at 10°C was higher in females than males (0.56 ± 0.08 vs....
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - April 7, 2017 Category: Physiology Authors: Ekström, A., Axelsson, M., Gräns, A., Brijs, J., Sandblom, E. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Oxygen-sensitive regulation and neuroprotective effects of growth hormone-dependent growth factors during early postnatal development
Perinatal hypoxia severely disrupts metabolic and somatotrophic development, as well as cerebral maturational programs. Hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs) represent the most important endogenous adaptive mechanisms to hypoxia, activating a broad spectrum of growth factors that contribute to cell survival and energy homeostasis. To analyze effects of systemic hypoxia and growth hormone (GH) therapy (rhGH) on HIF-dependent growth factors during early postnatal development, we compared protein (using ELISA) and mRNA (using quantitative RT PCR) levels of growth factors in plasma and brain between normoxic and hypox...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - April 1, 2017 Category: Physiology Authors: Jung, S., Boie, G., Doerr, H.-G., Trollmann, R. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Acute high-intensity interval exercise reduces human monocyte Toll-like receptor 2 expression in type 2 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation that contributes to disease pathophysiology. Exercise has anti-inflammatory effects, but the impact of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is not known. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of a single session of HIIT on cellular, molecular, and circulating markers of inflammation in individuals with T2D. Participants with T2D (n = 10) and healthy age-matched controls (HC; n = 9) completed an acute bout of HIIT (7 x 1 min at ~85% maximal aerobic power output, separated by 1 min of recovery) on a cycle ergometer with blood samples ...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - April 1, 2017 Category: Physiology Authors: Durrer, C., Francois, M., Neudorf, H., Little, J. P. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

High-intensity intermittent exercise training with chlorella intake accelerates exercise performance and muscle glycolytic and oxidative capacity in rats
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of chronic chlorella intake alone or in combination with high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) training on exercise performance and muscle glycolytic and oxidative metabolism in rats. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the four groups: sedentary control, chlorella intake (0.5% chlorella powder in normal feed), HIIE training, and combination of HIIE training and chlorella intake for 6 wk (n = 10 each group). HIIE training comprised 14 repeats of a 20-s swimming session with a 10-s pause between sessions, while bearing a weight equivalent to ...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - April 1, 2017 Category: Physiology Authors: Horii, N., Hasegawa, N., Fujie, S., Uchida, M., Miyamoto-Mikami, E., Hashimoto, T., Tabata, I., Iemitsu, M. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Adropin acts in the rat paraventricular nucleus to influence neuronal excitability
Adropin is a peptide hormone with cardiovascular and metabolic roles in the periphery, including effects on glucose and lipid homeostasis. Central administration of adropin has been shown to inhibit water intake in rats; however, the site at which central adropin acts has yet to be elucidated. The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), a critical autonomic control center, plays essential roles in the control of fluid balance, energy homeostasis, and cardiovascular regulation, and is, therefore, a potential target for centrally acting adropin. In the present study, we used whole cell patch-clamp techniques to examine t...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - April 1, 2017 Category: Physiology Authors: Loewen, S. P., Ferguson, A. V. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Effects of obesity and exercise on testicular leptin signal transduction and testosterone biosynthesis in male mice
To explore the role of the testicular leptin and JAK-STAT[leptin (LEP)-JAK-STAT] pathway in testosterone biosynthesis during juvenile stages and exercise for weight loss, male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into normal-diet and high-fat diet groups. After 10 wk, mice in the high-fat diet-fed group were further divided randomly into obese control, obese moderate-volume exercise, and obese high-volume exercise groups. Mice in the obese moderate-volume exercise group were provided with 2 h/day, 6 days/wk swimming exercise for 8 wk, and mice in the obese high-volume exercise group underwent twice the amount of daily exerc...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - April 1, 2017 Category: Physiology Authors: Yi, X., Gao, H., Chen, D., Tang, D., Huang, W., Li, T., Ma, T., Chang, B. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Chronic anemic hypoxemia attenuates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in fetal sheep
Fetal insulin secretion is inhibited by acute hypoxemia. The relationship between prolonged hypoxemia and insulin secretion, however, is less well defined. To test the hypothesis that prolonged fetal hypoxemia impairs insulin secretion, studies were performed in sheep fetuses that were bled to anemic conditions for 9 ± 0 days (anemic, n = 19) and compared with control fetuses (n = 15). Arterial hematocrit and oxygen content were 34% and 52% lower, respectively, in anemic vs. control fetuses (P < 0.0001). Plasma glucose concentrations were 21% higher in the anemic group (P < 0.05). Plasma norepinephrine and cor...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - April 1, 2017 Category: Physiology Authors: Benjamin, J. S., Culpepper, C. B., Brown, L. D., Wesolowski, S. R., Jonker, S. S., Davis, M. A., Limesand, S. W., Wilkening, R. B., Hay, W. W., Rozance, P. J. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Adverse metabolic phenotype of female offspring exposed to preeclampsia in utero: a characterization of the BPH/5 mouse in postnatal life
Preeclampsia (PE) is a devastating disorder of pregnancy that classically presents with maternal hypertension and proteinuria after 20 wk of gestation. In addition to being a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity/mortality, epidemiological and prospective studies have revealed long-term consequences for both the mother and baby of preeclamptic pregnancies, including chronic hypertension as well as other cardiovascular diseases and metabolic derangements. To better understand the effect of in utero exposure of PE on offspring, we utilized the BPH/5 mouse, a spontaneous model of the maternal and fetal PE syndrome. We...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - April 1, 2017 Category: Physiology Authors: Sutton, E. F., Lob, H. E., Song, J., Xia, Y., Butler, S., Liu, C.-C., Redman, L. M., Sones, J. L. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research