AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology RSS feedThis is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Maternal vascular responses to hypoxia in a rat model of intrauterine growth restriction
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a common pregnancy complication and is a leading cause of fetal morbidity and mortality. Placental hypoxia contributes to adverse fetal consequences, such as IUGR. Exposing pregnant rats to hypoxia can lead to IUGR; however, assessment of maternal vascular function in a rat model of hypoxia, and the mechanisms that may contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes, has not been extensively studied. We hypothesized that exposing pregnant rats to hypoxia will affect maternal systemic vascular function and increase the uterine artery resistance index (RI), which will be associated with IUG...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - November 30, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Aljunaidy, M. M., Morton, J. S., Cooke, C.-L., Davidge, S. T. Tags: Cardiovascular and Renal Integration Source Type: research

Acute hot water immersion is protective against impaired vascular function following forearm ischemia-reperfusion in young healthy humans
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a primary cause of poor outcomes following ischemic cardiovascular events. We tested whether acute hot water immersion protects against forearm vascular I/R. Ten (5 male, 5 female) young (23 ± 2 yr), healthy subjects participated in two trials in random order 7–21 days apart, involving: 1) 60 min of seated rest (control), or 2) 60 min of immersion in 40.5°C water (peak rectal temperature: 38.9 ± 0.2°C). I/R was achieved 70 min following each intervention by inflating an upper arm cuff to 250 mmHg for 20 min followed by 20 min of reperfusion. Brachial artery f...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - November 30, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Brunt, V. E., Jeckell, A. T., Ely, B. R., Howard, M. J., Thijssen, D. H. J., Minson, C. T. Tags: Cardiovascular and Renal Integration Source Type: research

Maternal Western diet increases adiposity even in male offspring of obesity-resistant rat dams: early endocrine risk markers
Maternal overnutrition or associated complications putatively mediate the obesogenic effects of perinatal high-fat diet on developing offspring. Here, we tested the hypothesis that a Western diet developmental environment increases adiposity not only in male offspring from obesity-prone (DIO) mothers, but also in those from obesity-resistant (DR) dams, implicating a deleterious role for the Western diet per se. Selectively bred DIO and DR female rats were fed chow (17% kcal fat) or Western diet (32%) for 54 days before mating and, thereafter, through weaning. As intended, despite chow-like caloric intake, Western diet incr...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - November 30, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Frihauf, J. B., Fekete, E. M., Nagy, T. R., Levin, B. E., Zorrilla, E. P. Tags: Obesity, Diabetes and Energy Homeostasis Source Type: research

Early postnatal amylin treatment enhances hypothalamic leptin signaling and neural development in the selectively bred diet-induced obese rat
Selectively bred diet-induced obese (DIO) rats become obese on a high-fat diet and are leptin resistant before becoming obese. Compared with diet-resistant (DR) neonates, DIO neonates have impaired leptin-dependent arcuate (ARC) neuropeptide Y/agouti-related peptide (NPY/AgRP) and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH; from proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons) axon outgrowth to the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Using phosphorylation of STAT3 (pSTAT3) as a surrogate, we show that reduced DIO ARC leptin signaling develops by postnatal day 7 (P7) and is reduced within POMC but not NPY/AgRP neurons. Since amylin ...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - November 30, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Johnson, M. D., Bouret, S. G., Dunn-Meynell, A. A., Boyle, C. N., Lutz, T. A., Levin, B. E. Tags: Obesity, Diabetes and Energy Homeostasis Source Type: research

8-Prenylnaringenin promotes recovery from immobilization-induced disuse muscle atrophy through activation of the Akt phosphorylation pathway in mice
8-Prenylnaringenin (8-PN) is a prenylflavonoid that originates from hop extracts and is thought to help prevent disuse muscle atrophy. We hypothesized that 8-PN affects muscle plasticity by promoting muscle recovery under disuse muscle atrophy. To test the promoting effect of 8-PN on muscle recovery, we administered an 8-PN mixed diet to mice that had been immobilized with a cast to one leg for 14 days. Intake of the 8-PN mixed diet accelerated recovery from muscle atrophy, and prevented reductions in Akt phosphorylation. Studies on cell cultures of mouse myotubes in vitro demonstrated that 8-PN activated the PI3K/Akt/P70S...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - November 30, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Mukai, R., Horikawa, H., Lin, P.-Y., Tsukumo, N., Nikawa, T., Kawamura, T., Nemoto, H., Terao, J. Tags: Physical Activity and Inactivity Source Type: research

Central vs. peripheral determinants of sympathetic neural recruitment: insights from static handgrip exercise and postexercise circulatory occlusion
Sympathetic outflow is modified during acute homeostatic stress through increased firing of low-threshold axons, recruitment of latent axons, and synaptic delay modifications. However, the role of central mechanisms versus peripheral reflex control over sympathetic recruitment remains unknown. Here, we examined sympathetic discharge patterns during fatiguing static handgrip (SHG) exercise and postexercise circulatory occlusion (PECO) to study the central vs. peripheral reflex elements of sympathetic neural coding. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA; microneurography) was measured in six males (25 ± 3 yr) at bas...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - November 30, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Badrov, M. B., Olver, T. D., Shoemaker, J. K. Tags: Neural Control Source Type: research

P2X7 receptors in body temperature, locomotor activity, and brain mRNA and lncRNA responses to sleep deprivation
The ionotropic purine type 2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is a nonspecific cation channel implicated in sleep regulation and brain cytokine release. Many endogenous rhythms covary with sleep, including locomotor activity and core body temperature. Furthermore, brain-hypothalamic cytokines and purines play a role in the regulation of these physiological parameters as well as sleep. We hypothesized that these parameters are also affected by the absence of the P2X7 receptor. Herein, we determine spontaneous expression of body temperature and locomotor activity in wild-type (WT) and P2X7R knockout (KO) mice and how they are affected by ...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - November 30, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Davis, C. J., Taishi, P., Honn, K. A., Koberstein, J. N., Krueger, J. M. Tags: Neural Control Source Type: research

Nonlinear identification of the total baroreflex arc: higher-order nonlinearity
In conclusion, the second-order Uryson model sufficed to represent the sympathetically mediated total arc under the employed experimental conditions. (Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology)
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - November 30, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Moslehpour, M., Kawada, T., Sunagawa, K., Sugimachi, M., Mukkamala, R. Tags: Neural Control Source Type: research

Preventive strategies to mitigate the deleterious effects of ischemic reperfusion injury. Focus on "Acute hot water immersion is protective against impaired vascular function following forearm ischemia-reperfusion in young healthy humans"
(Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology)
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - November 30, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Grace, M. S., Howden, E. J. Tags: Editorial Focus Source Type: research

The brain needs interleukin-6 (IL-6) to maintain a "healthy" energy balance. Focus on "IL-6 ameliorates defective leptin sensitivity in DIO ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus neurons"
(Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology)
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - November 30, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Lutz, T. A. Tags: Editorial Focus Source Type: research

The role of proximal versus distal stomach resection in the weight loss seen after vertical sleeve gastrectomy
In conclusion, removal of the proximal stomach contributes to most, but not all, of the physiological impact of VSG. (Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology)
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - November 20, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Kulkarni, B. V., LaSance, K., Sorrell, J. E., Lemen, L., Woods, S. C., Seeley, R. J., Sandoval, D. Tags: Obesity, Diabetes and Energy Homeostasis Source Type: research

{alpha}1D-Adrenoceptor blockade increases voiding efficiency by improving external urethral sphincter activity in rats with spinal cord injury
Ideal therapy for lower urinary tract dysfunction in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) should decrease detrusor overactivity, thereby promoting urine storage at low intravesical pressure and promoting efficient voiding at low pressure by decreasing detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia. Here we investigated blockade of various α-adrenoceptors to determine the subtype that was principally responsible for improving the voiding dysfunction. The effects of the intravenous α-blocker naftopidil, the α-blocker BMY 7378, and the α-blocker silodosin were evaluated using cystometrography and external urethral s...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - November 20, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Ishida, H., Yamauchi, H., Ito, H., Akino, H., Yokoyama, O. Tags: Neural Control Source Type: research

Vagal afferent activation induces salivation and swallowing-like events in anesthetized rats
The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of vagal afferent activation on salivation and swallowing-like events. Salivation is part of a reflex induced by stimulation of the oral area during feeding or chewing. Recently, we reported that nausea induced by gastroesophageal reflux (GER) activation produced salivation and swallowing in humans. Here, we investigated the ability of visceral sensation to enhance salivation and swallowing in rodents in order to inform the mechanism of GER-mediated stomatognathic activation. First, we administered LiCl to anesthetized male rats to induce nausea. LiCl significantly increased ...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - November 20, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Ueda, H., Suga, M., Yagi, T., Kusumoto-Yoshida, I., Kashiwadani, H., Kuwaki, T., Miyawaki, S. Tags: Neural Control Source Type: research

Hormone phase influences sympathetic responses to high levels of lower body negative pressure in young healthy women
We tested the hypothesis that sympathetic responses to baroreceptor unloading may be affected by circulating sex hormones. During lower body negative pressure at –30, –60, and –80 mmHg, muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), heart rate, and blood pressure were recorded in women who were taking (n = 8) or not taking (n = 9) hormonal contraceptives. All women were tested twice, once during the low-hormone phase (i.e., the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle and the placebo phase of hormonal contraceptive use), and again during the high-hormone phase (i.e., the midluteal phase of the menstrual c...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - November 20, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Usselman, C. W., Nielson, C. A., Luchyshyn, T. A., Gimon, T. I., Coverdale, N. S., Van Uum, S. H. M., Shoemaker, J. K. Tags: Call for Papers Source Type: research

Cholinergic and {beta}-adrenergic control of cardiovascular reflex responses to brief repeated asphyxia in term-equivalent fetal sheep
In this study, we tested the effect of cholinergic and β-adrenergic blockade on the fetal chemoreflex and fetal heart rate (FHR) overshoot responses during brief repeated asphyxia at rates consistent with early or active labor. Chronically instrumented fetal sheep at 0.85 of gestation received either intravenous atropine sulfate (cholinergic blockade; n = 7) or vehicle (n = 8) followed by 3 x 1-min umbilical cord occlusions repeated every 5 min (1:5; consistent with early labor), or intravenous propranolol hydrochloride (β-adrenergic blockade; n = 8) or vehicle (n = 6) followed by 3 x 2-min occlusions repeated ev...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - November 9, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Galinsky, R., Lear, C. A., Yamaguchi, K., Wassink, G., Westgate, J. A., Bennet, L., Gunn, A. J. Tags: Call for Papers Source Type: research