AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Ceramides are involved in the regulation of food intake in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
We hypothesize that ceramides are involved in the regulation of food intake in fish. Therefore, we assessed in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) the effects of intracerebroventricular treatment with C6:0 ceramide on food intake. In a second experiment, we assessed the effects in brain areas of ceramide treatment on neuropeptide expression, fatty acid-sensing systems, and cellular signaling pathways. Ceramide treatment induced a decrease in food intake, a response opposed to the orexigenic effect described in mammals, which can be related to enhanced mRNA abundance of cocaine and amphetamine-related transcript and proopio...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - September 30, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Velasco, C., Libran-Perez, M., Otero-Rodino, C., Lopez-Patino, M. A., Miguez, J. M., Soengas, J. L. Tags: Obesity, Diabetes and Energy Homeostasis Source Type: research

Expansion of capacities for iron transport and sequestration reflects plasma volumes and heart mass among white-blooded notothenioid fishes
We report that total contents of plasma Tf are greater, while ventricle non-heme Fe is at least at parity in white- vs. red-blooded species. (Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology)
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - September 30, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Kuhn, D. E., O'Brien, K. M., Crockett, E. L. Tags: Cardiovascular and Renal Integration Source Type: research

Sustained increases in blood pressure elicited by prolonged face cooling in humans
We tested the hypothesis that increases in blood pressure are sustained throughout 15 min of face cooling. Two independent trials were carried out. In the Face-Cooling Trial, 10 healthy adults underwent 15 min of face cooling where a 2.5-liter bag of ice water (0 ± 0°C) was placed over their cheeks, eyes, and forehead. The Sham Trial was identical except that the temperature of the water was 34 ± 1°C. Primary dependent variables were forehead temperature, mean arterial pressure, and forearm vascular resistance. The square root of the mean of successive differences in R-R interval (RMSSD) provided an i...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - September 30, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Schlader, Z. J., Coleman, G. L., Sackett, J. R., Sarker, S., Johnson, B. D. Tags: Cardiovascular and Renal Integration Source Type: research

Nocturnal sleep uniformly reduces numbers of different T-cell subsets in the blood of healthy men
In humans, numbers of circulating T cells show a circadian rhythm with peak counts during the night and a steep decline in the morning. Sleep per se appears to counter this rhythm by acutely reducing the total number of T cells. The T-cell population, however, is rather heterogeneous, comprising various subpopulations with different features and functions and also different circadian rhythms. Therefore, we examined here whether sleep likewise differentially affects these subsets. We measured eight different T-cell subsets (naïve, central memory, effector memory, and effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells) over a 24-h perio...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - September 30, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Besedovsky, L., Dimitrov, S., Born, J., Lange, T. Tags: Neural Control Source Type: research

Effects of aerobic exercise under different thermal conditions on human somatosensory processing
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on human somatosensory processing recorded by somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) under temperate [TEMP, 20°C and 40% relative humidity (RH)] and hot (HOT, 35°C and 30% RH) environments. Fifteen healthy subjects performed 4 x 15-min bouts of a moderate cycling exercise [mean power output: 156.5 ± 7.7 (SE) W], with a 10-min rest period and received a posterior tibial nerve stimulation at the left ankle before and after each exercise bout; SEPs were recorded in five sessions; 1st (pre), 2nd (post-1st exercise bout), 3rd (post-2nd exercis...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - September 30, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Nakata, H., Oshiro, M., Namba, M., Shibasaki, M. Tags: Physical Activity and Inactivity Source Type: research

Dietary thylakoids reduce visceral fat mass and increase expression of genes involved in intestinal fatty acid oxidation in high-fat fed rats
This study investigated whether an enhanced oxidation of dietary fat-derived fatty acids in the intestine contributes to the thylakoid effects. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet with (n = 8) or without thylakoids (n = 8) for 2 wk. Body weight, food intake, and body fat were measured, and intestinal mucosa was collected and analyzed. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure gene expression levels of key enzymes involved in fatty acid transport, fatty acid oxidation, and ketogenesis. Another set of thylakoid-treated (n = 10) and control rats (n = 10) went through indirect calorimetry. In the first exper...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - September 8, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Stenblom, E.-L., Egecioglu, E., Montelius, C., Ramachandran, D., Bonn, B., Weström, B., Mansouri, A., Langhans, W., Erlanson-Albertsson, C. Tags: Obesity, Diabetes and Energy Homeostasiss Source Type: research

Hydrogen sulfide contributes to hypoxic inhibition of airway transepithelial sodium absorption
In lung epithelial cells, hypoxia decreases the expression and activity of sodium-transporting molecules, thereby reducing the rate of transepithelial sodium absorption. The mechanisms underlying the sensing of hypoxia and subsequent coupling to sodium-transporting molecules remain unclear. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has recently been recognized as a cellular signaling molecule whose intracellular concentrations critically depend on oxygen levels. Therefore, it was questioned whether endogenously produced H2S contributes to hypoxic inhibition of sodium transport. In electrophysiological Ussing chamber experiments, hypoxia was ...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - September 8, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Krause, N. C., Kutsche, H. S., Santangelo, F., DeLeon, E. R., Dittrich, N. P., Olson, K. R., Althaus, M. Tags: Fluid and Electrolyte Homeostasis Source Type: research

K+ channel mechanisms underlying cholinergic cutaneous vasodilation and sweating in young humans: roles of KCa, KATP, and KV channels?
In conclusion, we show that KCa, KATP, and KV channels play a role in cholinergic cutaneous vasodilation, whereas only KV channels contribute to cholinergic sweating in normothermic resting humans. (Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology)
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - September 8, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Fujii, N., Louie, J. C., McNeely, B. D., Zhang, S. Y., Tran, M.-A., Kenny, G. P. Tags: Fluid and Electrolyte Homeostasis Source Type: research

Ventral tegmental area orexin 1 receptors promote palatable food intake and oppose postingestive negative feedback
Hypothalamic orexin neurons project to numerous brain areas, including the ventral tegmental area (VTA), which is involved in motivation and food-seeking behavior. Here we address how exogenously administered orexin-A and endogenous orexin 1 receptor (OX1R) activation in the VTA affects feeding behavior. We hypothesized that orexin-A and OX1R antagonist SB334867 delivered to the VTA, at doses that were subthreshold for effect when injected into the ventricle, would affect intake of palatable foods in multiple test situations. We first used a hedonic feeding model in which satiated rats selectively consume a high-fat diet (...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - September 8, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Terrill, S. J., Hyde, K. M., Kay, K. E., Greene, H. E., Maske, C. B., Knierim, A. E., Davis, J. F., Williams, D. L. Tags: Obesity, Diabetes and Energy Homeostasis Source Type: research

Highly sensitive index of sympathetic activity based on time-frequency spectral analysis of electrodermal activity
Time-domain indices of electrodermal activity (EDA) have been used as a marker of sympathetic tone. However, they often show high variation between subjects and low consistency, which has precluded their general use as a marker of sympathetic tone. To examine whether power spectral density analysis of EDA can provide more consistent results, we recently performed a variety of sympathetic tone-evoking experiments (43). We found significant increase in the spectral power in the frequency range of 0.045 to 0.25 Hz when sympathetic tone-evoking stimuli were induced. The sympathetic tone assessed by the power spectral density o...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - September 8, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Posada-Quintero, H. F., Florian, J. P., Orjuela-Canon, A. D., Chon, K. H. Tags: Innovative Methodology Source Type: research

Sex differences in the cardiovascular consequences of the inspiratory muscle metaboreflex
It is currently unknown whether sex differences exist in the cardiovascular consequences of the inspiratory muscle metaboreflex. We hypothesized that the activation of the inspiratory muscle metaboreflex will lead to less of an increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and limb vascular resistance (LVR) and less of a decrease in limb blood flow (QL) in women compared with men. Twenty healthy men (n = 10, 23 ± 2 yr) and women (n = 10, 22 ± 3 yr) were recruited for this study. Subjects performed inspiratory resistive breathing tasks (IRBTs) at 2% or 65% of their maximal inspiratory mouth pressure (PIMAX). During...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - September 8, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Smith, J. R., Broxterman, R. M., Hammer, S. M., Alexander, A. M., Didier, K. D., Kurti, S. P., Barstow, T. J., Harms, C. A. Tags: Call for Papers Source Type: research

Testosterone therapy in men with testosterone deficiency: are the benefits and cardiovascular risks real or imagined?
In the adult male, testosterone (T) deficiency (TD) also known as male hypogonadism, is a well-established medical condition, which has been recognized for more than a century. T therapy in men with TD was introduced as early as 1940s and was reported to improve overall health with no concomitant serious adverse effects. A wealth of recent studies demonstrated that T therapy in men with TD is associated with increased lean body mass, reduced fat mass and waist circumference, improvement in glycemic control, and reduced obesity. T therapy is also associated with improvements in lipid profiles, amelioration of metabolic synd...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - September 8, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Traish, A. M. Tags: Conference Source Type: research

Hydrogen sulfide as a regulator of respiratory epithelial sodium transport: the role of sodium-potassium ATPase. Focus on "Hydrogen sulfide contributes to hypoxic inhibition of airway transepithelial sodium absorption"
(Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology)
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - September 8, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Garnett, J. P., Leiter, J. C. Tags: Editorial Focus Source Type: research

Peripheral circadian misalignment: contributor to systemic insulin resistance and potential intervention to improve bariatric surgical outcomes
Thirteen percent of the world's population suffers from obesity and 39% from being overweight, which correlates with an increase in numerous secondary metabolic complications, such as Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for severe obesity and results in significant weight loss and the amelioration of obesity-related comorbidities through changes in enteroendocrine activity, caloric intake, and alterations in gut microbiota composition. The circadian system has recently been found to be a critical regulatory component in the control of metabolism and, thus, may potentially play an imp...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - September 8, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Kunze, K. N., Hanlon, E. C., Prachand, V. N., Brady, M. J. Tags: Review Source Type: research

Loss of REDD1 augments the rate of the overload-induced increase in muscle mass
The overload-induced increase in muscle mass is accompanied by protein accretion; however, the initiating events are poorly understood. Regulated in Development and DNA Damage 1 (REDD1), a repressor of the mechanistic target of rapamycin in complex 1 (mTORC1), blunts the elevation in protein synthesis induced by acute muscle contractions. Therefore, this study was designed to determine whether REDD1 alters the rate of the overload-induced increase in muscle mass. Wild-type (WT) and REDD1-null mice underwent unilateral functional overload (OV) of the plantaris, while the contralateral sham leg served as a control. After 3 a...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - September 8, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Gordon, B. S., Liu, C., Steiner, J. L., Nader, G. A., Jefferson, L. S., Kimball, S. R. Tags: Physical Activity and Inactivity Source Type: research