Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Plasma dimethylarginine in dogs with acute and chronic renal disease
Despite the availability of intensive care treatments, acute kidney injury (AKI) has a high fatality rate. Early recognition and intervention is a necessity to effectively treat dogs with AKI. In contrast to chronic kidney disease (CKD), AKI is reversible. Therefore, markers for early detection of kidney injury are needed. At present, renal disease is mainly diagnosed based on an elevation of serum creatinine concentration. Creatinine concentration can be affected by age, sex, muscle mass, and hydration status. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - November 1, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Nephrology/Urology Source Type: research

Megestrol acetate for treatment of eosinophilic keratitis in cats
Eosinophilic or proliferative keratitis in the cat is characterized by a cellular infiltrate into the corneal stroma and epithelium that consists of eosinophils, mast cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and, occasionally, histiocytes. The presenting clinical signs of eosinophilic keratitis include a visible cellular corneal infiltrate, often initially observed at the dorsolateral limbus, conjunctival hyperemia, tearing, and blepharospasm. The most common form of treatment for cats with eosinophilic keratitis has been anti-inflammatory drugs. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - November 1, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Ophthalmology Source Type: research

Surgical management of ectopic ureters in dogs
Long-term incontinence after surgical correction of ectopic ureters (EU) is a debilitating postoperative complication that is more common in female dogs. Reported postoperative continence rate after surgical correction of EU without adjunct treatment ranges from 2% to 72%. In male dogs, a continence rate of 82% has been reported. Postoperative adjunct medical treatment, mostly phenylpropanolamine (PPA) or estrogens, generally improves continence rates. The persistence or recurrence of urinary incontinence after correction of EU have been attributed to several factors, such as lower urinary tract infection (UTI), recanaliza...
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - November 1, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Surgery (Soft Tissue) Source Type: research

Nutrition and Cancer: Frontiers for Prevention, Cure, and Control?
Clients often expect their veterinarian to make specific dietary recommendations to prevent and treat cancer. While the ideal diet to prevent and treat cancer has yet to be defined, there is a growing body of knowledge confirming that diets not only provide nourishment, but they may be used to treat and reduce the risk of developing cancer. Chief among the findings about nutrients and cancer is the undisputed fact that dietary profiles that result in a lean body mass throughout life is key to prevent cancer while enhancing health and wellness. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - October 1, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Gregory K. Ogilvie Tags: Guest Editorial Source Type: research

Use of thundershirt to control canine anxiety in the ICU
Apparent anxiety is common in dogs hospitalized in the ICU. Uncontrolled anxiety is considered detrimental to patient recovery and may also be stressful for other hospitalized patients and for caregivers. Common methods of controlling anxiety include covering cages or runs, sitting with anxious pets, and the use of pharmacological agents. The Thundershirt is a propriety product marketed for treating thunderstorm phobias as well as separation and situational anxiety. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - October 1, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Behavior Source Type: research

Impact of collaborative care on survival time for dogs with congestive heart failure and revenue for attending primary care veterinarians
Veterinary medicine has witnessed a societal shift in the perception of companion animal care, with pets now commonly considered valued members of the family. As a consequence of this evolving perception, demand is increasing for specialized care as are expectations for state-of-the-art medicine within the veterinary profession. Cardiology is a well-established specialty discipline within veterinary medicine. Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is the most common condition diagnosed in dogs and treated in this field. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - October 1, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Cardiology Source Type: research

Accelerated chemoradiotherapy protocol for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) accounts for about 60% of feline and 25% of canine oropharyngeal malignancies. It is the second most common canine oropharyngeal neoplasm. Several histological subtypes of SCC with distinct morphological features and biological behavior have been described in both man and companion animals. The biologic behavior of oropharyngeal SCC is variable. Historically, primary treatment options include surgery and radiotherapy. In general, the prognosis for dogs with small rostral SCC is good following complete surgical removal with adequate, tumor-negative margins. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - October 1, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Dentistry Source Type: research

Long-lasting otic gel for otitis externa
Otitis externa is a common skin disease in dogs, accounting for 22% of dermatology patients and 13 to 16% of the general hospital population. Otitis externa is often complicated by bacterial and/or yeast (Malassezia) infection that requires specific otic topical therapy. Treatment protocols for this purpose are usually based on ear cleaning aimed at eliminating excessive debris and exudates followed by once or twice daily administration of antibacterial/antimycotic/corticosteroid-containing otic solutions. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - October 1, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Dermatology Source Type: research

Prevalence and risk factors for myelomalacia in dogs after disk herniation
Myelomalacia is defined as gross softening of the spinal cord characterized by hemorrhagic necrosis and liquefaction of spinal cord tissue that can occur after acute spinal cord injury. Myelomalacia frequently is associated with intervertebral disk herniation (IVDH). The pathophysiology of myelomalacia secondary to IVDH involves primary mechanical damage to the spinal cord caused by the concussive and compressive effects of disk herniation, followed by secondary damage caused by decreased vascular perfusion, ischemia, perivascular edema, electrolyte shifts, oxidative stress, release of free radicals and vasoactive molecule...
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - October 1, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Neurology Source Type: research

Electrosurgery reduces blood loss and immediate postoperative inflammation compared to cold instruments
Electrosurgical devices were originally designed by William T. Bovie and first used in a human in 1926. Modern electrosurgical devices function by applying radio frequency energy through alternating electrical currents. The generated current passes either between 2 electrodes built into forceps (bipolar) or from a single electrode built into a hand piece and through the patient to an earth plate (monopolar). Monopolar electrosurgery handpieces have several settings, including cut and coagulation mode. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - October 1, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Surgery (Soft Tissue) Source Type: research

Canine Inflammatory Brain Disease: The Past, Present, and Future
Canine meningoencephalitis is a general term used to collectively describe inflammation in the brain and meninges of dogs. Although infectious meningoencephalitis can occur, the majority of dogs have a non-infectious, inflammatory disease. Non-inflammatory brain disease is described on histopathologic examination as granulomatous meningoencephalitis (GME), necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME), and necrotizing leukoencephalitis (NLE) (see page 2 for terminology). These are terms that are best used only if histopathologic examination occurs. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - September 1, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Heidi L. Barnes Heller Tags: Guest Editorial Source Type: research

Use of single-dose oral gabapentin to attenuate fear responses in cage-trap-confined community cats
As a commonly used method to address overpopulation of unowned community cats, trap-neuter-return (TNR) programs capture, confine, and transport cats to a suitable facility for surgical sterilization under anesthesia before returning them to their site of capture. Cats unaccustomed to confinement and close proximity to people may express fear responses. Fear responses, often called “stress” responses, are expressed through behavioral and physiological signs. Behavioral signs may include crouched posture, vocalization, and escape attempts with resulting injury. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - September 1, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Behavior Source Type: research

Colonoscopic and histologic features of rectal masses in dogs
The prevalence of gastrointestinal neoplasia is relatively low in dogs, reportedly accounting for 3 to 10% of all tumors. Up to 60% of gastrointestinal tumors affect the large intestine; 50 to 60% of those are malignant tumors, with adenocarcinoma being the most common. Adenomatous polyps account for most benign rectal tumors, but leiomyoma and fibroma have also been reported. Carcinoma in situ exhibits histologic atypia, which can progress to invasive malignancy in 17 to 50% of dogs. The initial diagnosis of a mass or masses in the rectum is often made on the basis of results of digital rectal palpation performed either a...
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - September 1, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Gastroenterology Source Type: research

Pattern of animal bites and post exposure prophylaxis in rabies in Sri Lanka
Rabies is a global problem which occurs in more than 150 countries and territories including Sri Lanka, where human deaths from rabies are in decline, while financial resources incurred for prevention of rabies are in sharp increase over the years. Dogs are the source of infection in all human rabies deaths in Asia and Africa, whereas bats are the source of most human rabies deaths in the Americas. Bat rabies has emerged as a public health threat in Australia and Western Europe. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - September 1, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: General Practice Source Type: research

Comparison of urine proteinuria between free catch and cystocentesis in elderly dogs
Life expectancy of dogs and cats is increasing, and senior pets represent 30 to 40% of patients in veterinary practice. Aging pets and their associated health concerns, together with an increasing demand for higher standard of care by owners, favor routine health screening in this population. The goal of health screening is to detect subclinical abnormalities at a time when therapeutic intervention might have most benefit. Twenty-five percent of middle-aged to old, apparently healthy cats have borderline proteinuria. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - September 1, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Nephrology/Urology Source Type: research