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An Outpatient Treatment Protocol in Canine Parvoviral Enteritis
The standard of care for treatment of CPV involves hospitalization with intravenous (IV) fluid therapy to correct and prevent dehydration and hypovolemia. Additional therapies may include antiemetics, antimicrobials, and early enteral nutrition. Hospitalization can be cost prohibitive for owners and may influence their decision to euthanize, or attempt their own version of outpatient protocol (OP) therapy. Veterinarians are often presented with the challenge to provide lower cost care to these dogs while still preserving the doctor-client relationship. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - July 1, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: General Practice Source Type: research

Treatment of Canine Mammary Carcinoma
Mammary tumors are common neoplasms of intact female dogs. Surgical excision remains the treatment of choice for most mammary carcinomas. Because of the high rate of regional and distant metastases, especially in dogs exhibiting lymphatic or vascular invasion, surgery alone does not cure all dogs. There are multiple studies identifying factors associated with outcome in dogs treated with surgery alone for mammary carcinomas. Tumor size has been found to be an important independent prognostic factor in a number of studies; dogs with tumors less than 3 cm in diameter had significantly better prognosis than dogs with larger t...
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - July 1, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Oncology Source Type: research

Causes of Endogenous Uveitis in Cats
Feline uveitis is usually divided into exogenous and endogenous causes. Exogenous causes are commonly identi fied by a thorough ocular examination and include trauma, corneal ulcers, and lens luxations. Endogenous causes, which are the most common cause of uveitis in cats, tend to be divided into large categories, including infectious, neoplastic, and immune-mediated or idiopathic. Determining the specifi c etiologic agent causing uveitis can be difficult due to a similar clinical presentation of most endogenous causes. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - July 1, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Ophthalmology Source Type: research

The Use of Disposable Skin Staples for Intestinal Resection and Anastomosis
Gastrointestinal surgery is commonly performed in veterinary medicine, and indications include foreign body removal, neoplasia, intussusception, and biopsy, among others. A single-layer, simple interrupted approximating suture pattern is conventionally used for intestinal anastomosis closure. Other reported techniques include simple continuous patterns, Gambee suture patterns (appositional with mucosal inversion), mechanical stapling devices, and skin staples. Mechanical staplers, such as the gastrointestinal anastomosis (GIA) stapler and thoracoabdominal (TA) stapler, have previously been demonstrated to be safe, rapid, a...
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - July 1, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Surgery (Soft Tissue) Source Type: research

Feline Seizures: What's New?
Seizure disorders are a common reason for presentation to a veterinarian. To help clarify discussion about diagnoses, treatment and prognoses classification schemes have been proposed over the years. The most recent human classification system was produced by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) in 2011.1 Since then, the International Veterinary Epilepsy Task Force (IVETF) has a proposed veterinary-specific classification system.2 Although similar, there are significant differences in terminology; therefore, it is important to be familiar with both classification systems. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - June 1, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Heidi Barnes Heller Tags: Guest Editorial Source Type: research

Joint changes in dogs with immune mediated polyarthritis
In dogs, immune-mediated polyarthritis (IMPA) is a common noninfectious idiopathic accumulation of inflammatory immune complexes within the synovial membrane of affected joints. Clinical signs are associated with pathological changes in the affected joints and frequently include signs of pain or stiffness, joint effusion, and lameness. Affected dogs may also be febrile with anorexia and lethargy. Up to 25% of dogs with IMPA do not have joint effusion or lameness and instead are examined because of signs of vague systemic illness. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - June 1, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Clinical Pathology Source Type: research

Microbiology in veterinary dermatology
In veterinary medicine, the microbiology laboratory is perceived as a service provider rather than an integral part of the healthcare team, resulting in limited interaction between microbiologists and clinicians. This differs from human medicine, where microbiologists interact with infectious disease specialists to provide advice on antimicrobial therapy, infection control, antimicrobial stewardship practices, antimicrobial resistance trends and compliance with antimicrobial guidelines. The use of diagnostic microbiology is comparatively lower than in human medicine. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - June 1, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Dermatology Source Type: research

Vascular cognitive impairment and vascular dementia and alzheimer's disease
Vascular dementia (VaD) is recognized as a neurocognitive disorder, which is explained by numerous vascular causes in the general absence of other pathologies. The heterogeneity of cerebrovascular disease makes it challenging to elucidate the neuropathological substrates and mechanisms of VaD as well as vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Consensus and accurate diagnosis of VaD relies on wide-ranging clinical, neuropsychometric and neuroimaging measures with subsequent pathological confirmation. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - June 1, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Neurology Source Type: research

Ophthalmic abnormalities secondary to snakebite
In humans, the American Association of Poison Control Centers recorded over 6,500 snakebites in 2012, of which over 4,000 were con firmed to be venomous bites. As reporting is not mandatory, many snakebites go unreported. It is speculated that snakebites in the pet population occur in similar, if not greater, incidence than in humans because of a high outdoor exposure rate and poor threat judgment by the animal victim. However , there is no precise data available to document the exact numbers. In humans, 98% of the bites are on extremities, most often on the hands and arms amd often the result of deliberate attempts to ha...
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - June 1, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Ophthalmology Source Type: research

Surgical treatment of medial patellar luxation
Medial patellar luxation (MPL) is widely recognized as a common orthopedic problem in dogs. The pathogenesis, clinical signs, surgical options, and short- and long-term results of treatment of these patients have been described. The surgical procedures that are most commonly recommended to correct MPL in dogs at present are a combination of soft tissue reconstruction, femoral trochlear groove deepening, and lateral transposition of the tibial crest. Correction of angular limb deformities is also advocated in the most severe cases. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - June 1, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Surgery (Orthopedics) Source Type: research

Bacterial contamination of clipper blades in small animal practice
In veterinary medicine, 8 to 36% of small animals admitted to the hospital will experience a nosocomial event during hospitalization. Due to the increasing awareness of hospital-acquired infections in both human and veterinary hospitals, identifying potential fomites is critical to reduce the risk of pathogen transmission between patients. Proper hand hygiene, environmental decontamination, and equipment cleaning and disinfection are all vital to minimizing infectious microorganisms in the hospital environment. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - June 1, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Surgery (Soft Tissue) Source Type: research

Gastrointestinal Disease in Cats and Dogs with Gastrointestinal Foreign Bodies
Foreign bodies constitute the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in small animal practice, and foreign-body-induced intestinal obstruction is a common indication for emergency laparotomy in small animals.1 Gastrointestinal (GI) foreign bodies can present with a variety of clinical signs depending on the location, the degree, and the duration of the obstruction.2 Gastrointestinal foreign bodies may cause complete or partial obstruction. In general, complete obstruction is associated with more severe clinical signs and a rapid deterioration, whereas partial obstruction may be associated with chronic signs of maldige...
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - May 1, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Eric Lindquist, Remo Lobetti Tags: Guest Editorial Source Type: research

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in cats
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is characterized by inadequate production of pancreatic enzymes from pancreatic acinar cells and has been previously considered rare in the cat. The related literature consists mainly of case reports of confirmed or suspected EPI cases in cats, with only 10 reports published between 1975 and 2009. In addition, there have been only two small case series of EPI in cats that have been reported in the English peer-reviewed literature. Since the introduction and validation of the fTLI test, EPI in cats has been diagnosed more frequently. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - May 1, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Clinical Pathology Source Type: research

Evaluation of the safety and tolerability of rivaroxaban in dogs
Thromboembolism is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality associated with primary immune-mediate hemolytic anemia (pIMHA). Several veterinary clinical studies have demonstrated improved case outcome when anti-thrombotic therapy is part of the treatment for pIMHA. At least one of those studies revealed that anti-platelet therapy was the only treatment variable in conjunction with prednisone that improved patient survival. Anticoagulants have high risk of complications (bleeding), can be cumbersome for most pet owners to administer, and they require frequent monitoring. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - May 1, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Critical Care Source Type: research

Infectious disease risk associated with contaminated propofol anesthesia
Administration of propofol, the most frequently used intravenous anesthetic worldwide, has been associated with several iatrogenic infections despite its relative safety. Little is known regarding the global epidemiology of propofol-related outbreaks and the effectiveness of existing preventive strategies. This anesthetic has several favorable characteristics as a hypnotic agent, including rapid onset and elimination times, predictability and ease of titration, and a strong overall safety profile. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - May 1, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: General Practice Source Type: research