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Puppy fear avoidance and breed
Signs of fear in the domestic dog include physiologic responses, such as increased heart rate, hypersalivation, and elimination; and behavior responses, such as escape, avoidance, or defensiveness. Many common canine behavioral problems, including stimulus-specific fears and phobias, fear-related aggression toward humans and other animals, and some inappropriate urination, may be based in fearfulness. The development of fear-related behavioral patterns in the domestic dog may be influenced by genetics, physiology, sensory perception, environmental exposure, and experience. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - September 1, 2015 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Behavior Source Type: research

Transmylohyoid orotracheal intubation for maxillofacial fractures
The return of proper occlusion and reduction of fracture are together the primary co-objectives of maxillofacial fracture repair. To achieve the objectives in dogs and cats, pharyngotomy endotracheal intubation is typically used during surgery. However, because of the complex neurovascular anatomy at the pharyngotomy site, this procedure inherently carries a potential risk of iatrogenic complications. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - September 1, 2015 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Dentistry Source Type: research

Deslorelin for the treatment of alopecia in intact male dogs
Hair cycle arrest (alopecia X) is an idiopathic noninflammatory alopecic condition of dogs. Its dermatological features are very similar to endocrine disorders, particularly hyperadrenocorticism. The disorder is characterized by symmetrical nonpruritic and noninflammatory alopecia of the neck, tail, perineum, and caudal thighs and trunk. The head and distal extremities are usually not affected. Plush-coated dogs are at higher risk for hair cycle arrest, and the condition occurs in both neutered and unneutered male and female young adult dogs. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - September 1, 2015 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Dermatology Source Type: research

Dietary management of subclinical hepatic copper accumulation in labrador retrievers
Hereditary copper-associated hepatitis occurs in some of the American and European Labrador retriever families. Unlike autosomal recessive copper-associated hepatitis in the Bedlington terrier, genetic as well as environmental factors, including diet, contribute to the disease pathogenesis in Labrador retrievers. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - September 1, 2015 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Gastroenterology Source Type: research

Cystocentesis versus manual compression for urine collection and protein-to-creatinine ratio in cats
Proteinuria is any type of protein (albumin, globulins, Bence-Jones proteins, and other proteins) in the urine. In clinical practice, the term proteinuria generally refers to an abnormal, excessive amount of urinary protein. Albumin is the principal protein in urine in most healthy and diseased cats. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - September 1, 2015 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Nephrology/Urology Source Type: research

Low-dose metronomic cyclophosphamide toxicity in cats
Low-dose metronomic (LDM) chemotherapy therapy is the chronic administration of low doses of cytotoxic drugs on a continuous or semi-continuous basis without resting pauses. Cyclophosphamide is the most widely used agent in LDM. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - September 1, 2015 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Oncology Source Type: research

Advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma in cats
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common oral tumor in domestic cats, with the sublingual/lingual region and mandibular gingiva being the most commonly affected sites. Metastasis to mandibular lymph nodes in these cases ranges from 0 to 36%. Pulmonary metastasis, evaluated by 3-view thoracic radiography or necropsy, has been reported to be far less common than regional metastasis, but previous studies have only evaluated small numbers of patients. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - September 1, 2015 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Oncology Source Type: research

Stenosis – Have We Come Full Circle?
In 1994, Richard Kienle and colleagues published a paper examining the natural history of dogs with subaortic stenosis (SAS).1 Using a fairly well accepted classification scheme (mild SAS = pressure gradient less than 50 mmHg, moderate SAS = pressure gradient between 50 mmHg and 80 mmHg, and severe SAS = pressure gradient greater than 80 mmHg), they found that dogs with mild SAS essentially lived normal lives, although they had an increased risk of aortic valvular endocarditis. Those with moderate SAS had unpredictable life expectancy. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - August 1, 2015 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Mark Rishniw Tags: Guest Editorial Source Type: research

Duration of packed rbc storage on morbidity and mortality after transfusion
Red blood cell (RBC) transfusions can be life-saving for patients with severe anemia. Acute blood loss requires immediate transfusions, so stored packed RBCs (PRBCs) is commonly used as a readily available blood component for transfusion. The shelf life of refrigerator-stored PRBCs varies depending on the anticoagulant and preservative solution used but typically is 35 days for canine PRBCs. The oldest stored units generally are dispensed first to reduce wastage. However, studies of human patients, especially those with trauma after cardiac surgery, or in a pediatric intensive care unit, have found associations between tra...
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - August 1, 2015 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Critical Care Source Type: research

Efficacy and safety of oclacitinib and cyclosporine for control of atopic dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis is a generalized, chronic allergic skin disease in dogs. Pruritus is the primary presenting complaint. Environmental allergens that penetrate the cutaneous barrier trigger a complex immunological reaction involving the release of many different cytokines that drive the pruritus. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - August 1, 2015 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Dermatology Source Type: research

Low-level laser therapy for treatment of non-inflammatory alopecia
Canine noninflammatory alopecia (CNA) is a clinical presentation that encompasses skin diseases characterized by hair loss due to underlying dysplastic, functional (hair cycling), or endocrine disorders. These may include follicular dysplasia, pattern alopecia, recurrent flank alopecia, hair cycle arrest, postclipping alopecia, hypercorticism, and hypothyroidism. Diagnosis relies on the history, clinical and laboratory findings, and histopathology. Histological determination of the morphological features of the cycling hair follicle is essential for the identification of different patterns classified within CNA. (Source: A...
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - August 1, 2015 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Dermatology Source Type: research

Azathioprine hepatotoxicosis in dogs
Azathioprine (AZA) is a purine analog that is used as an immunosuppressive drug in dogs to treat immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, and other immune-mediated diseases. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - August 1, 2015 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Gastroenterology Source Type: research

Prognostic value of mri in dogs with traumatic brain injury
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is structural injury or physiological disruption of the brain induced by an external force. Clinical signs of TBI in humans include acute onset of at least one of the following: a period of loss of or decreased consciousness, alteration in mental status, neurologic deficits, presence of an intracranial lesion, or some combination of these. Exposure to head trauma does not always lead to TBI. Current data suggests that up to 25% of dogs with severe blunt trauma suffer from TBI. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - August 1, 2015 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Neurology Source Type: research

Postoperative regurgitation and vomiting in dogs
Postoperative regurgitation and vomiting (PORV) are undesirable after effects of some surgeries and can lead to multiple adverse outcomes, including aspiration pneumonia, esophagitis, esophageal strictures, esophageal perforation, and increased tension on suture lines. The resultant postoperative morbidity can result in prolonged hospitalization and dramatically increased treatment costs. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - August 1, 2015 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Surgery (Soft Tissue) Source Type: research

The Rise of the Backyard Chicken in Companion Veterinary Medicine
Over the past few years, the hobby of keeping backyard poultry has increased significantly in the United States. The chicken is no longer just a commercial production bird but is now also a companion bird and backyard pet. Chickens make wonderful, entertaining pets and can enrich the lives of their owners, in addition to providing food products such as eggs. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - June 24, 2015 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Tracey K. Ritzman Tags: Guest Editorial Source Type: research