Surgical management of ectopic ureters in dogs

Long-term incontinence after surgical correction of ectopic ureters (EU) is a debilitating postoperative complication that is more common in female dogs. Reported postoperative continence rate after surgical correction of EU without adjunct treatment ranges from 2% to 72%. In male dogs, a continence rate of 82% has been reported. Postoperative adjunct medical treatment, mostly phenylpropanolamine (PPA) or estrogens, generally improves continence rates. The persistence or recurrence of urinary incontinence after correction of EU have been attributed to several factors, such as lower urinary tract infection (UTI), recanalization of the ligated ureter, disturbed urethral closure due to residual intramural EU, congenital urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence (USMI), poorly developed trigone, hypoplastic bladder, vestibulovaginal stenosis, neurogenic abnormalities, hormonal imbalance, or inadequate surgery.
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Surgery (Soft Tissue) Source Type: research