Intranasal therapy with CpG DNA alone for the control of allergic rhinitis.
This study demonstrated that CpG DNA has effects not only on splenocytes but also on nasal lymphocytes, and that the intranasal administration of CpG DNA alone is useful in the management of allergic rhinitis.
PMID: 21865706 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology)
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - December 2, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Airway bacterial interactions and impact on host immune responses.
Authors: Kyd J, Krishnamurthy A, McGrath J, Browne J, Vahedi F
Abstract
The dynamic interactions of the major respiratory microbial pathogens are complex. An understanding of the impact on naturally acquired immune responses to respiratory polymicrobial commensal bacteria is slowly evolving. Maintaining a micro-floral balance and the host's ability to respond to imbalances associated with disease is critical. Studies of acquired immune responses have found that both antibody and cellular immune responses are suppressed by the presence of multiple bacteria when compared with colonization by the single micro...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - December 2, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Protection of pneumococcal infection by maternal intranasal immunization with pneumococcal surface protein A.
Authors: Hotomi M, Kono M, Hollingshead SK, Briles DE, Yamanaka N
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the important causative pathogens for both upper and lower respiratory tract infections during childhood. The current study was designed to evaluate the protection against fatal pneumococcal infections during the infant period by maternal immunization with pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA). Four-week-old females BALB/c mice were immunized with PspA and cholera toxin B (CTB) intranasally twice a week for 3 weeks. After mating, the 10-day-old offspring of these mice were intraperitoneally (i.p.) ...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - December 2, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Heat-shock protein ClpL/HSP100 increases penicillin tolerance in Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Authors: Tran TD, Kwon HY, Kim EH, Kim KW, Briles DE, Pyo S, Rhee DK
Abstract
Penicillin resistance and tolerance has been an increasing threat to the treatment of pneumococcal pneumoniae. However, no penicillin tolerance-related genes have been claimed. Here we show that a major heat shock protein ClpL/HSP100 could modulate the expression of a cell wall synthesis enzyme PBP2x, and subsequently increase cell wall thickness and penicillin tolerance in Streptococus pneumoniae.
PMID: 21865709 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology)
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - December 2, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Immunologic impact of tonsillopharyngitis associated with group A streptococci.
Authors: Kaplan EL
Abstract
While very common clinically, group A streptococcal infections of the upper respiratory tract remain incompletely understood. Vital to clarifying these incompletely answered questions is the understanding of the immune responses associated with infection and the enigmatic 'carrier state'. An important aspect of this is understanding the differences between an immune response and a protective immune response. Several of these concerns are discussed.
PMID: 21865710 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology)
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - December 2, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Influence of Waldeyer's ring hypertrophy on snoring and sleep apnea.
Authors: Passàli D, De Benedetto M, Lauriello M, Passàli FM
Abstract
Severe adenotonsillar hypertrophy can be the main cause of nocturnal respiratory affections, as confirmed by the improvement of symptoms seen after adenotonsillectomy. Unsuccessful surgical treatment can be due to craniofacial morphological alterations. Hypotony of the pharyngeal muscles could also be responsible together with tonsil hypertrophy. In our study, we enrolled 125 patients (87 males and 38 females), aged from 3 to 8 years, suffering from chronic snoring. All the patients underwent adenotonsillectomy. The follow-up was carrie...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - December 2, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Tonsils diseases, past, present and future and the impact in clinical practice in Brazil.
Authors: Endo LH
Abstract
A simplified review of the research carried out in Brazil on tonsils is presented: histopathological findings in children's tonsils with allergy, the detection of Epstein-Barr virus, herpes virus (SV1 e SV2, HHV8) and the correlation between tonsil hypertrophy and recurrence of infection is discussed. The role of allergy in children with tonsillitis and/or tonsil and adenoid hypertrophy are analyzed. After participating in the Tonsils Symposium in 1991, the knowledge of tonsils morphology, immunology and histopathology increased, triggering a change in clinical practice in Brazil....
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - December 2, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Clinical scoring system of acute pharyngotonsillitis.
CONCLUSION: A clinical scoring system represents the severity of acute pharyngotonsillitis and is useful for evaluating clinical course of the illness.
PMID: 21865713 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology)
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - December 2, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Clinical guideline on adenotonsillectomy: the Italian experience.
Authors: Bellussi LM, Marchisio P, Materia E, Passàli FM
Abstract
Five years after publishing the document on 'The clinical and organizational appropriateness of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy' in 2003, a multidisciplinary group of experts came together again to update this document and to publish a guideline with grading of evidences and recommendations. Major revisions of the previous document were addressed to: (1) the diagnosis and indications for adenotonsillectomy in presence of OSAS in children, (2) the analysis of advantages of new surgical techniques in terms of effectiveness, costs or the risk ...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - December 2, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Diversity of mucosal immune responses in upper respiratory organs and its application for mucosal vaccine.
Authors: Kurono Y, Miyashita K, Makise T, Nagano H
Abstract
Mucosal vaccine has been considered a promising strategy to prevent upper respiratory infections. As the immunization routes to induce mucosal immune responses, oral, intranasal, and sublingual immunizations are proposed for clinical application. Recently, it has been reported that transcutaneous immunization is also capable of inducing mucosal immune responses. However, it still remains unclear which route is the most effective to induce mucosal immune responses in upper respiratory organs. In order to investigate the differences in the immune re...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - December 2, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Nasal submucosal administration of antigen-presenting cells induces effective immunological responses in cancer immunotherapy.
We examined the migration pattern of αGalCer-pulsed DCs and the immune responses after administration by different routes. DCs injected into nasal submucosa quickly migrated to the lateral neck lymph rather than the lateral lymph nodes. The absolute number of NKT cells and the IFN-γ-producing cells increased in peripheral blood after injection of the DCs into nasal submucosa. We conducted a phase I study with αGalCer-pulsed DCs administered in nasal submucosa of patients with head and neck cancer, and evaluated safety and feasibility. The results showed that nasal submucosal administration of α-GalCer-pulsed DCs was sa...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - December 2, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Respiratory syncytial virus infection and the tight junctions of nasal epithelial cells.
Authors: Tsutsumi H, Kojima T, Hirakawa S, Masaki T, Okabayashi T, Yokota S, Fujii N, Himi T, Sawada N
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) primarily infects upper respiratory tract cells, mainly nasal epithelial cells. The tight junctions of nasal epithelial cells are thought to perform important innate immune function against foreign materials including respiratory viruses. We investigated in vitro the relationship of RSV infection and the tight junctions of primary nasal epithelial cells which had been transfected with human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) to prolong cell life. Nasal epit...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - December 2, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
A novel immune evasion mechanism of LMP-1, an EBV-primary oncogene, in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Authors: Yoshizaki T
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated tumor. Viruses that are associated with malignant transformation have evolved unique mechanisms to interfere with this interaction to evade antiviral T cell responses. EBV exploits many immune evasive strategies to successfully establish a latent infection in B cells. CD8+ T cell responses to LMP-1 are generally very low and rarely detected in healthy virus carriers. Activation of the NF-kB pathway by EBV-LMP-1 leads to an upregulation of the MHC class I antigen-processing pathway. Paradoxically, LMP-1itself in...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - December 2, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Otitis media and tonsils--role of adenoidectomy in the treatment of chronic otitis media with effusion.
Authors: Park K
Abstract
Innate immunity involves the first line of the mucosal defense system. Homeostatic defense of the middle ear and Eustachian tube is maintained in part by molecules related to the innate immunity. The middle ear and tonsils are the organs related to the innate immunity. Recent attention has focused on the possibility that chronic otitis media and adenotonsillitis may represent a chronic infective state such as evidenced in conditions secondary to biofilms or small colony variants. The role of biofilms in the persistence of chronic mucosal-based ENT-related infections was first recog...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - December 2, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Otitis media and immunological alterations of Waldeyer's ring.
Authors: Cassano P, Cassano M
Abstract
In the literature, correlations between adenoids and middle ear disorders have been widely discussed over the years. Adenoids fundamentally influence inflammation/ infections of the middle ear through 3 factors: obstructive, inflammatory/infective, and immunologic. The authors carefully analyze each of these factors reviewing the opinion of the most important researches in the field. The important role of immunological (T cells and Ig), infective (microorganisms and bacterial biofilms) and allergic factors as predisposing factors for otitis media leads one to consider...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - December 2, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
