Role of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae in otitis media and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
This article provides a brief summary of the role of NTHI in disease and the work that has been accomplished by us and several other investigators.
PMID: 21865721 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology)
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - December 2, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Recent changes in nasopharyngeal flora of children in Japan.
Authors: Hayashi T, Yoshizaki T, Ohara K, Yoshida S, Kumai T, Harabuchi Y
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between nasopharyngeal flora of pediatric patients and antibiotic consumption in a local community in Japan between 2000 and 2009 retrospectively. There was a clear relationship between the lower annual consumption rate of cephalosporins and the lower annual prevalence of non-susceptible strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP). High prevalence of BLNAR (β-lactamase nonproducing ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae) has been one of the bacteriological features of Japan.
PMID: ...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - December 2, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Laryngeal development and anatomy.
Authors: Kakodkar KA, Schroeder JW, Holinger LD
Abstract
Knowledge of laryngeal and tracheobronchial development and anatomy is essential to the pediatric airway endoscopist. Normal and pathologic airway anatomy is discussed in this chapter.
PMID: 22472221 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology)
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - December 2, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Flexible bronchoscopy.
Authors: Yonker LM, Fracchia MS
Abstract
Flexible bronchoscopy is an important procedure for evaluating the pediatric airway, allowing a dynamic view from the trachea through the lower bronchi. The flexible bronchoscope offers greater maneuverability than the rigid bronchoscope and may be done in conjunction with other procedures, such as bronchoalveolar lavage, transbronchial biopsy, endobronchial ultrasound, electrocautery or laser treatments. Common indications for flexible bronchoscopy include recurrent croup or pneumonia, aspiration, foreign body and chronic cough. Although bronchospasm, transient fev...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - December 2, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Direct laryngoscopy and rigid bronchoscopy.
Authors: Gallagher TQ, Hartnick CJ
Abstract
Laryngoscopy and rigid bronchoscopy represent a necessary tool in the otolaryngologist's arsenal. The advancement in designing smaller and more versatile laryngeal equipment and fiber-optic telescopes as well as the increasingly higher resolution of still and video imagery have allowed otolaryngologists to better diagnose and treat many airway lesions. This chapter describes the basic equipment necessary as well step-by-step description of the technique to perform rigid airway endoscopy.
PMID: 22472223 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Advances in O...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - December 2, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Pediatric tracheotomy.
Authors: Gallagher TQ, Hartnick CJ
Abstract
The procedure of tracheotomy dates back to ancient times. Its use has been adapted in the neonatal and pediatric population over the past half-century. Despite being a life-saving measure, tracheotomy-related mortality rates range from 0.5 to 3.6%, and this procedure is not without significant and sometimes frequent complications. Techniques regarding pediatric tracheotomy vary from surgeon to surgeon and include orientation of skin incision, removal of subcutaneous tissue, orientation of tracheotomy, maturation and stay sutures, as well postoperative care and su...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - December 2, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Laryngotracheal reconstruction.
Authors: Gallagher TQ, Hartnick CJ
Abstract
Laryngotracheal reconstruction (LTR) along with cricotracheal resection and thyrotracheal anastomosis has become the standard of care for symptomatic subglottic stenosis in the pediatric age group. Success rates in achieving decannulation or avoiding tracheotomy approach 90%. Fearon and Cotton introduced pediatric LTR in 1972 using cartilage interposition grafting. The procedure has evolved to include a variety of techniques for expanding the laryngotracheal complex to obtain a stable airway of sufficient size for respiration. In this chapter, the authors will de...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - December 2, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Costal cartilage harvest.
Authors: Gallagher TQ, Hartnick CJ
Abstract
Cartilage interposition grafting for treatment of subglottic stenosis was pioneered by Fearon and Cotton in 1972. Costal cartilage is the preferred source for graft material in most cases. In this section, the authors highlight the surgical technique for cartilage graft harvest with discussion of surgical pearls necessary for success.
PMID: 22472226 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology)
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - December 2, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Cricotracheal resection and thryotracheal anastomosis.
Authors: Gallagher TQ, Hartnick CJ
Abstract
Cricotracheal resection and thryotracheal anastomosis along with laryngotracheal reconstruction have become the standard of care for symptomatic subglottic stenosis in the pediatric age group with decannulation rates approaching 90%. The procedure is ideal for children with subglottic stenosis several millimeters distal to the true vocal cords and can be extended to include costal interposition grafting if necessary. In this chapter, the authors describe the surgical techniques necessary for successful resection and reanastomosis.
PMID: 22472227 [PubMed -...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - December 2, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Tracheal resection and reanastomosis.
Authors: Gallagher TQ, Hartnick CJ
Abstract
Isolated short segment tracheal stenosis occurs in a relatively rare subpopulation of patients with laryngotracheal stenosis. Etiologies include both acquired and congenital, the most common being the acquired type. Management options include observation, endoscopic balloon dilation with or without CO(2) laser, stent placement and open airway surgery. In this chapter, we will discuss tracheal resection and reanastomosis with emphasis on surgical pearls for success.
PMID: 22472228 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology)
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - December 2, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Slide tracheoplasty.
We describe the management of long segment tracheal stenosis using the slide tracheoplasty highlighting the surgical pearls necessary for success.
PMID: 22472229 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology)
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - December 2, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Suprastomal granuloma.
Authors: Gallagher TQ, Hartnick CJ
Abstract
Suprastomal granuloma is one of the most common sequelae of pediatric tracheotomy. Numerous different techniques have been described for their removal including endoscopic and open procedures. The following chapter discusses the intraoperative techniques for open removal of suprastomal granuloma in infants.
PMID: 22472230 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology)
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - December 2, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Thyroglossal duct cyst excision.
Authors: Gallagher TQ, Hartnick CJ
Abstract
Thyroglossal duct cysts (TGDCs) are the most common congenital anomaly of the neck. The most common presentation of TGDCs is a firm, midline mass. The Sistrunk procedure is the recommended treatment for TGDCs. Based on anatomic and embryologic study, Dr. Sistrunk recommended removal of not only the cyst and central portion of the hyoid bone, but also a central core of deep tongue musculature. By doing so, the rate of recurrence is decreased from approximately 50 to 3-5%. In this chapter, the authors will describe the Sistrunk procedure step by step including surg...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - December 2, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Bilateral submandibular gland excision and parotid duct ligation.
Authors: Gallagher TQ, Hartnick CJ
Abstract
Sialorrhea affects a significant number of children with cerebral palsy and other neuromuscular disorders. It can lead not only to social embarrassment but also to severe medical issues including chronic aspiration. There are numerous medical and surgical options, which include oral medications and transdermal patches, botulinum injection, and various forms of surgical ligation or excision of the major salivary glands. In this chapter, the authors describe the surgical management of sialorrhea, highlighting surgical pearls necessary for success.
PMID: 224...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - December 2, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Tracheocutaneous fistula closure.
Authors: Gallagher TQ, Hartnick CJ
Abstract
Tracheocutaneous fistula (TCF) is one of the recognized sequelae of tracheotomy in the pediatric age group. Persistent TCF can cause considerable morbidity due to recurrent aspiration, and subsequent respiratory infection, difficulty in phonation, ineffective cough, skin irritation, cosmesis, social acceptance, and intolerance to submersion. Methods of TCF closure remain controversial and vary based on the otolaryngologist's preference. The authors' choice is fistulectomy with primary closure in layers as this definitively removes the fistula and provides the pat...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - December 2, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
