Behavior of Primary Cilia and Tricellular Tight Junction Proteins during Differentiation in Temperature-Sensitive Mouse Cochlear Precursor Hair Cells.
Authors: Kakuki T, Kaneko Y, Takano K, Ninomiya T, Kohno T, Kojima T, Himi T
Abstract
In the sensory hair cells of the mammalian cochlea, the primary cilia in the planar cell polarity as well as the tight junctions in the epithelial cell polarity and the barrier are important to maintain normal hearing. Temperature-sensitive mouse cochlear precursor hair cells were used to investigate the behavior of primary cilia and tricellular tight junction proteins during the differentiation of sensory hair cells. In undifferentiated cells (incubated at 33°C), many acetylated tubulin-positive primary cilia were obser...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - April 28, 2016 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Diagnosis and Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Children.
Authors: Tsubomatsu C, Shintani T, Abe A, Yajima R, Takahashi N, Ito F, Takano K, Himi T
Abstract
Sleep is important for children pertaining to their physical and mental growth. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in children has been shown to have different effects as compared to OSAS in adults, including deficits in cognition and neuropsychological functions, hyperactivity, ADHD, behavior problems, aggressive behavior, learning problems and nocturnal enuresis. Hypertrophy of the adenoids and tonsils is a major cause of OSAS in children; therefore, adenotonsillectomy may decrease the effects of OSAS p...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - April 28, 2016 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Relationship between Otitis Media and Epithelial Function in the Lymphoepithelium of Pediatric Adenoids.
In this report, we provide evidence suggesting that adenoid tissue as a component of NALT in children may play an important role in inducing innate immunity following viral infection.
PMID: 27115876 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology)
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - April 28, 2016 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Expression and Localization of Human Defensins in Palatine Tonsils.
Authors: Kamekura R, Imai R, Takano K, Yamashita K, Jitsukawa S, Nagaya T, Ito F, Hirao M, Tsubota H, Himi T
Abstract
Defensins are small antimicrobial peptides and effector components of innate immune responses. Recent studies have shed light on their beneficial functions for the prevention of infection and potential for development of new drugs. Here, we showed the expression profiles of human defensins in palatine tonsils with 3 different diseases: tonsillar hypertrophy, recurrent tonsillitis and focal infection of the tonsil. RT-PCR analysis and immunofluorescence revealed that the expression of human ...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - April 28, 2016 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Role of Cysteinyl Leukotrienes in Allergic Rhinitis.
Authors: Shirasaki H, Himi T
Abstract
Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) are lipid mediators that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis. Pharmacological studies using CysLTs indicate that two classes of receptor exist: CysLT1 receptor (CysLT1R) and CysLT2 receptor (CysLT2R). The CysLT1R is a high-affinity leukotriene D4 receptor with lower affinity for leukotriene C4 that is sensitive to the CysLT1R antagonist currently used to treat asthma and allergic rhinitis. Our previous immunohistochemical and autoradiographic studies have demonstrated the presence of anti-CysLT1R antibodies labe...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - April 28, 2016 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Studies of Tonsils in Basic and Clinical Perspectives: From the Past to the Future.
Authors: Yamashita K, Ichimiya S, Kamekura R, Nagaya T, Jitsukawa S, Matsumiya H, Takano K, Himi T
Abstract
The tonsils are located at the entrance of the pharynx as a cardinal constituent of Waldeyer's ring, taking part not only in local immune responses, but also in systemic immunity. Functional deficits of tonsils primarily underlie the pathogenesis of various characteristic disorders, including tonsillar focal infections such as palmoplantar pustulosis and IgA nephropathy, in addition to the highly prevalent sleep disorder called obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Although the mechanisms underlying thes...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - April 28, 2016 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Radiological Assessment of the Anatomy of Frontal Recess Cells and the Anterior Ethmoidal Artery.
Authors: Okuni T, Takano K, Nomura K, Yamashita K, Abe A, Ito F, Murayama K, Shirasaki H, Himi T
Abstract
It is necessary for the surgeon to be familiar with frontal recess anatomy during an endoscopic approach to the frontal sinuses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of frontal recess cells in Japanese adults as well as the association between the frontal recess and the location of the anterior ethmoidal artery (AEA). The frontal recess cells and the AEAs were retrospectively evaluated in CT scans of the nasal and paranasal sinuses for 89 patients. The prevalence of agger nasi cells was...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - April 28, 2016 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
A Case Study of Anisakiasis in the Palatine Tonsils.
Authors: Takano K, Okuni T, Murayama K, Himi T
Abstract
Anisakidosis is a nematode infection caused by the ingestion of larvae-infected raw or undercooked fish. Although gastric anisakiasis is a common disease in Japan due to the popularity of eating raw and undercooked fish, reports of anisakiasis in the tonsils are extremely rare. A 68-year-old man presenting with clinical features of peritonsillitis was admitted for examination. The right peritonsillar region exhibited slight edematous swelling and rash, and a white foreign body was observed. This foreign body was removed, and pathological examination r...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - April 28, 2016 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Nasal Mucosal Expression of the Receptors for Inflammatory Chemical Mediators.
Authors: Shirasaki H, Saikawa E, Seki N, Kikuchi M, Himi T
Abstract
The nasal allergic response is a complex process involving interactions between many chemical mediators such as histamine, bradykinin, cysteinyl leukotrienes, platelet-activating factor, prostaglandin D2 and thromboxane A2. The actions of these chemical mediators are facilitated by specific cell surface receptors that are coupled to G-proteins. Current therapeutic strategies against nasal allergic responses are mainly based on drugs that target these chemical mediators. To understand the role of these chemical mediators in allergic rhiniti...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - April 28, 2016 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Adenovirus-Mediated ICOSIg Gene Therapy in a Presensitized Murine Model of Allergic Rhinitis.
In this study, adenovirus vectors containing ICOSIg (Adex1CAICOSIg) were administered to effectively inhibit the ICOS/ICOSL interaction, and the effects of Adex1CAICOSIg on allergic rhinitis were examined. Intranasal administration of Adex1CAICOSIg attenuated airway inflammation, as demonstrated by a decrease in nasal symptoms and infiltration of eosinophils into the nasal mucosa, as well as by a decrease in local IL-5 expression. Therefore, the ICOS/ICOSL pathway significantly contributes to the progression of allergic rhinitis.
PMID: 27116360 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology)
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - April 28, 2016 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
A Novel Drug Delivery System for the Human Nasal Epithelium.
Authors: Takano K, Kojima T, Keira T, Miyata R, Nomura K, Kakuki T, Kaneko Y, Yajima R, Kakiuchi A, Himi T
Abstract
The epithelium of upper respiratory tissues such as the human nasal mucosa forms a continuous barrier via tight junctions (TJs). The development of a drug delivery system for use across the nasal mucosa is being reconsidered. In intranasal administration across the nasal mucosa, the paracellular pathway regulated by TJs is extremely important. It is known that the C-terminal fragment of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (C-CPE) binds the TJ protein claudin and disrupts the tight junctional ...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - April 28, 2016 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Clinical Review of Cochlear Implantation Performed at Sapporo Medical University Hospital.
This report presents typical cases of CI, such as an adult case, a bilateral case, a case where both hearing and vision were impaired, a pediatric case, a case with multiple handicaps, a case with a genetic mutation leading to severe hearing loss, and a complicated case. In addition, complications with CI cases experienced during extended follow-up periods are also summarized.
PMID: 27116559 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology)
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - April 28, 2016 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Role of Crosstalk between Epithelial and Immune Cells, the Epimmunome, in Allergic Rhinitis Pathogenesis.
Authors: Kamekura R, Yamashita K, Jitsukawa S, Nagaya T, Ito F, Ichimiya S, Himi T
Abstract
Recently, the prevalence of allergic rhinitis has been dramatically increasing worldwide. As conventional therapies for allergic rhinitis, such as antihistamines, leukotriene receptor antagonists, nasal sprays and allergen immunotherapy, have limitations, the development of new drugs is required. Recent studies have revealed that epithelial cell-derived cytokines, including thymic stromal lymphopoietin, interleukin (IL)-25 and IL-33, are able to control immune cells, such as dendritic cells and T cells, thereby acti...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - April 28, 2016 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Metastatic Cancer to the Parotid.
Authors: Clark J, Wang S
Abstract
In many regions of the world, the most common type of parotid malignancy is metastatic malignancy. Metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and metastatic melanoma are the most common pathologies that metastasize to the parotid gland and cervical lymph nodes. Other more rare metastatic malignancies from cutaneous primary sites include Merkel cell carcinoma, pleomorphic sarcoma (previously called malignant fibrous histiocytoma) and metastatic basal cell carcinoma. Systemic metastases can also occur from tumors such as renal cell carcinoma. This review will focus on the ...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - April 20, 2016 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Distant Metastases and Palliative Care.
Authors: Glazer TA, Shuman AG
Abstract
Salivary gland neoplasms are rare and diverse tumors with variable disease courses, making it difficult to concisely summarize the management of distant metastases (DM). Nonetheless, there are trends of DM in salivary gland cancer that can be contextualized and reviewed. In general, the primary tumor characteristics that predict DM include the primary tumor site, tumor stage and grade, perineural spread, cervical nodal status, and genomic signatures. The most common site of DM is the lung, followed by the bone, liver, and brain. Depending on the clinical presentation,...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - April 20, 2016 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
