Classification of Salivary Gland Neoplasms.
Authors: Bradley PJ
Abstract
Presently, there is no universal 'working' classification system acceptable to all clinicians involved in the diagnosis and management of patients with salivary gland neoplasms. The most recent World Health Organization Classification of Tumours: Head and Neck Tumours (Salivary Glands) (2005) for benign and malignant neoplasms represents the consensus of current knowledge and is considered the standard pathological classification based on which series should be reported. The TNM classification of salivary gland malignancies has stood the test of time, and using the stage groupi...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - April 20, 2016 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Quality of Life after Salivary Gland Surgery.
Authors: Wax MK, Talmi YP
Abstract
Quality of life (QoL) has been recognized as an important endpoint in addition to disease-related and global survival. It is particularly important for patients with salivary gland neoplastic disease. For patients who are undergoing benign salivary gland tumor surgery, cosmetic and functional outcomes are extremely important, as these patients' psychological well-being and ability to function in society can be severely impacted. The following issues related to surgical treatment are discussed: incision, loss of local tissue sensation, development of Frey's syndrome, facia...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - April 20, 2016 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Surgery for Malignant Submandibular Gland Neoplasms.
Authors: Silver NL, Chinn SB, Bradley PJ, Weber RS
Abstract
For many decades, surgery has been the primary treatment for malignant submandibular gland neoplasms. Nonetheless, due to the heterogeneity and rarity of submandibular gland malignant tumors and the high frequency of chronic benign processes in this region, management can be complex. Preoperative investigations, such as fine-needle aspiration and imaging, are critical to achieve the correct diagnosis so that appropriate surgery can be planned. In general, for malignant submandibular gland neoplasms, the minimal treatment necessary is excision of t...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - April 20, 2016 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Frequency and Histopathology by Site, Major Pathologies, Symptoms and Signs of Salivary Gland Neoplasms.
Authors: Bradley PJ
Abstract
The frequency distribution of salivary gland neoplasms (SGNs) is, in decreasing order, parotid neoplasms, submandibular gland neoplasms, minor SGNs, and sublingual gland neoplasms. The larger the salivary gland (e.g. parotid), the more likely a neoplasm is benign, and the smaller the gland (e.g. minor salivary gland), the more likely the neoplasm is malignant. The majority of SGNs, benign and/or malignant, irrespective of site, present as a painless swelling or mass. Definitive symptoms and signs of salivary gland malignancy are the presence of named nerve palsy in anatomical p...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - April 20, 2016 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Salivary Gland Neoplasms: Future Perspectives.
Authors: Eisele DW, Bradley PJ
PMID: 27092948 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology)
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - April 20, 2016 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Surgery for Malignant Sublingual and Minor Salivary Gland Neoplasms.
Authors: Bradley PJ, Ferris RL
Abstract
Malignant sublingual gland neoplasms are rare, early-stage neoplasms presenting as painless non-ulcerated masses in the antero-lateral floor of the mouth. The majority of patients present with advanced disease, with symptoms of pain or anaesthesia of the tongue. Malignant minor salivary gland neoplasms are more common, the majority (>80%) of which present in the oral cavity, most frequently in the palatal area, as painless masses or as obstructive symptoms in the head and neck region. The most frequent pathologies are adenoid cystic carcinoma and mucoepidermoid ca...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - April 20, 2016 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Molecular Pathology and Biomarkers.
Authors: Ha PK, Stenman G
Abstract
The field of salivary gland tumor biology is quite broad, given the numerous subtypes of both benign and malignant tumors originating from the major and minor salivary glands. Knowledge about the molecular pathology of these lesions is still limited, and there are few clinically useful diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. However, recent discoveries of certain key genomic alterations, such as chromosome translocations, copy number alterations, and mutations, provide new insights into the molecular pathogenesis of these lesions and may help to better define them. It is al...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - April 20, 2016 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Facial Reconstruction and Rehabilitation.
Authors: Guntinas-Lichius O, Genther DJ, Byrne PJ
Abstract
Extracranial infiltration of the facial nerve by salivary gland tumors is the most frequent cause of facial palsy secondary to malignancy. Nevertheless, facial palsy related to salivary gland cancer is uncommon. Therefore, reconstructive facial reanimation surgery is not a routine undertaking for most head and neck surgeons. The primary aims of facial reanimation are to restore tone, symmetry, and movement to the paralyzed face. Such restoration should improve the patient's objective motor function and subjective quality of life. The surgical proce...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - April 20, 2016 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Evaluation: Imaging Studies.
Authors: Kontzialis M, Glastonbury CM, Aygun N
Abstract
The malignant or benign nature of a salivary gland (SG) tumor can be predicted with reasonably high accuracy by imaging. There is some overlap between the imaging findings of benign and malignant tumors, particularly for low-grade malignancies, and tissue diagnosis remains necessary for definitive diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging is the modality of choice for the evaluation of salivary neoplasms, as it allows for delineation of local infiltration, perineural spread and intracranial extension. This review will focus on the advanced imaging techniq...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - April 20, 2016 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Management of Regional Metastases of Malignant Salivary Gland Neoplasms.
Authors: Medina J, Zbären P, Bradley PJ
Abstract
Metastases from salivary gland carcinomas to the cervical lymph nodes are relatively uncommon. However, their impact on prognosis is significant and, thus, it is important to manage them appropriately. Treatment of clinically evident metastases consists primarily of surgery, frequently followed by radiation. Management of the N0 neck, on the other hand, remains controversial. While there seems to be agreement regarding the tumor and patient factors that make it more likely for a patient to harbor subclinical metastases in the lymph nodes, some clinicians pr...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - April 20, 2016 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Evaluation: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology, Ultrasound-Guided Core Biopsy and Open Biopsy Techniques.
Authors: Howlett DC, Triantafyllou A
Abstract
The optimum technique for biopsy assessment of the nature of a major salivary gland mass remains controversial. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has been the traditional and popular choice, but sampling of cellular clusters is largely associated with high non-diagnostic and false-negative rates, even under optimised circumstances. Ultrasound-guided core biopsy (USCB) provides a core of tissue that allows preservation of tissue architecture and that can be histologically and immunohistochemically examined, thereby improving the chances of a meaningful diag...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - April 20, 2016 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Indications for Salivary Gland Radiotherapy.
Authors: Thomson DJ, Slevin NJ, Mendenhall WM
Abstract
There is an established role for post-operative radiotherapy in the treatment of benign and malignant salivary gland tumours. For benign disease, the addition of radiotherapy improves local tumour control in cases with incomplete excision, involved surgical margins or multi-focal disease recurrence. After capsule rupture or spillage alone, surveillance should usually be advised. For malignant disease, post-operative radiotherapy is recommended for an advanced tumour stage, high-grade tumour, perineural or lympho-vascular invasion, close or positive res...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - April 20, 2016 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Facial Nerve Monitoring.
Authors: Guntinas-Lichius O, Eisele DW
Abstract
Facial nerve monitoring has been increasingly routinely used as an intraoperative adjunctive method to help the head and neck surgeon to identify and minimize facial nerve injury during parotid surgery. The goals, current applications, recent technical advances, and limitations of the method are reviewed. A main focus of this chapter is a review of several prospective clinical trials that have been performed in recent years that have analyzed the benefit of electrophysiological nerve monitoring during parotid surgery. It has been demonstrated that nerve monit...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - April 20, 2016 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Chemotherapy and Targeted Therapy.
Authors: Sen M, Prestwich R
Abstract
Salivary gland cancers are uncommon neoplasms of the head and neck that exhibit considerable pathological, biological, and clinical diversity, resulting in a paucity of prospective data regarding the use of non-surgical treatments. Chemotherapy has shown limited activity in patients with metastatic disease, and there has been little exploration of its use in definitive management. There is no standard recommendation for the use of systemic therapy, with palliative chemotherapy being considered on an individual basis for rapidly progressive or symptomatic disease. Recent...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - April 20, 2016 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Surgery for Benign Salivary Neoplasms.
Authors: Gillespie MB, Iro H
Abstract
Salivary neoplasms are relatively infrequent entities that account for only 4% of tumors of the head and neck. Although slow-growing lesions of the preauricular area and submandibular space are often confused with sebaceous cysts, lymph nodes, or lipomas by the non-otolaryngologist, otolaryngologists-head and neck surgeons recognize that all preauricular and submandibular masses should be considered a salivary neoplasm until proven otherwise. Surgery remains the treatment of choice for benign salivary gland neoplasms; however, techniques continue to evolve in order to ...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - April 20, 2016 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
