Immunomodulators in the Treatment of Nasal Polyposis.
Authors: Halderman AA, Lane AP
Abstract
The inflammatory mechanisms that contribute to chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) are complex. In the past, medical options for treating CRSwNP have been limited. Emerging classes of immunomodulators such as omalizumab, anti-leukotrienes, anti-IL-4, anti-IL-5, and recognition of the modulating effects of macrolides have shown promising results in the treatment of CRSwNP. Ultimately, large randomized controlled trials are necessary to establish the efficacy of these medications but for now, the area of medical immunomodulators remains an exciting fronti...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - July 29, 2016 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Delivery of Topical Therapies.
The objective of this review article is to describe the evidence for the most common topical sinonasal delivery techniques. Evidence supports that high-volume irrigations provide the most reliable delivery of medical therapy to the paranasal sinuses. Low-volume nasal sprays and drops provide reliable delivery to the nasal cavity and a degree of penetration into the middle meatus and olfactory cleft; however, they do not reliably penetrate the paranasal sinuses. Sinus surgery and the head down-forward position optimize the delivery of high-volume irrigations into the paranasal sinuses. Additionally, high-volume irrigations ...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - July 29, 2016 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Topical Steroids.
Authors: Oakley GM, Harvey RJ
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is an inflammatory condition with heterogeneous pathophysiology. A cornerstone of the management of this condition is the use of anti-inflammatory agents. Corticosteroids are very effective and the most commonly used, but other drugs with immunodulatory activity such as anti-IL5, doxycycline (Th2), and macrolides (anti-neutrophilic/IL8) have been shown to have efficacy. Although systemic corticosteroids have shown benefit in managing this condition, the frequency of use often required in this condition is associated wi...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - July 29, 2016 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Implantable Devices/Drugs in the Management of Nasal Polyps.
Authors: Santarelli GD, Han JK
Abstract
The use of biomaterials, which include nasal packing and sinus stents, has an evolving role in the postoperative management of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps. Some of these biomaterials include drug-eluting properties. The usage of biomaterials postoperatively is both surgeon and patient specific. The published literature supports the use of these products and demonstrates the ability to limit swelling, lateralization and reduce polyp regrowth postoperatively. However, there are heterogeneity in both available materials and results that the otolaryn...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - July 29, 2016 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Oral Therapeutics for Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyposis.
Authors: Thomas AJ, Alt JA
Abstract
Oral therapeutics for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) include oral corticosteroids (OCS), antibiotics, antifungals and anti-leukotrienes. Of these treatments, the strongest evidence exists to support the use of a short course of OCS for treatment of CRSwNP, and OCS are the most consistently recommended oral therapy in practice guidelines. Antibiotics have demonstrated some utility, which appears more likely related to an anti-inflammatory rather than antimicrobial effect. The non-macrolide antibiotics lack sufficient evidence to support their use, thoug...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - July 29, 2016 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Advances in Surgery: Extended Procedures for Sinonasal Polyp Disease.
Authors: Southwood JE, Loehrl TA, Poetker DM
Abstract
In the standard functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) procedure, the amount of dissection is often determined by the extent of disease with the goal to preserve as much normal mucosa as possible while restoring ventilation and reestablishing mucociliary clearance. A subset of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP), however, may continue to have persistent mucosal inflammatory and aggressive polyp regrowth despite standard FESS and maximal pharmacology therapy, leading to recurrent and recalcitrant disease. Advanced endos...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - July 29, 2016 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Outcomes in Medical and Surgical Treatment of Nasal Polyps.
Authors: Jafari A, DeConde AS
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps is a heterogeneous disease with a variety of medical and surgical options available to the patient and provider. Consensus statements and recent trends in outcomes research advocate that treatment be driven by patient-reported outcome measures. To this end, there has been increasing sophistication and nuance in both the outcome instruments themselves, as well as the method in which they are collected and interpreted. This is reflected in concepts such as the minimally clinically important difference and domain stratification, w...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - July 29, 2016 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
A Clinical Study of Maxillary Sinus Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
We report a retrospective study of 26 patients with maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma who were treated at the Sapporo Medical University between January 2002 and December 2008. The 5-year local control rate was 85.7% in patients with stage T2-3 disease and 61.0% in patients with stage T4a disease. The overall 5-year survival rate was 71.3% and the 5-year disease-specific survival rate was 79.9%. The 5-year disease-specific survival rate was 100% in patients with T2-3 disease and 44.4% in patients with T4 disease. The 5-year disease-specific survival rate was 76.3% in patients with N0 disease and 87.5% in patients wit...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - April 28, 2016 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Cochlear Implantation in Children with Cochlear Malformation.
Authors: Saikawa E, Takano K, Ogasawara N, Tsubomatsu C, Takahashi N, Shirasaki H, Himi T
Abstract
Cochlear implantation (CI) has proven to be an effective treatment for severe bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Inner ear malformation is a rare anomaly and occurs in approximately 20% of cases with congenital SNHL. In cases with cochlear malformation, CI can be successfully performed in nearly all patients, the exceptions being those with complete labyrinthine and cochlear aplasia. It is important to evaluate the severity of inner ear deformity and other associated anomalies during the preimplanta...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - April 28, 2016 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Congenital Microtia Treated at Sapporo Medical University Hospital: Clinical Characteristics and Associated Anomalies.
Authors: Ogasawara N, Jitsukawa S, Takahashi N, Takano K, Himi T
Abstract
Seventy-three children who underwent plastic surgery for their external ear malformations between December 2010 and May 2013 at the Sapporo Medical University Hospital were evaluated. The predominance of right-sided malformation (62%) in males (71%) was similar to that reported previously, but the number of bilateral cases (9.3%) was lower than that in previous reports. We classified patients' ears using Marx's classification. The pure-tone average (average air conduction thresholds measured at 500, 1,000 and 2,000 Hz) was used as th...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - April 28, 2016 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
A Clinical Review of Thyroid Cancer at Sapporo Medical University Hospital.
Authors: Koizumi J, Takano K, Obata K, Yamamoto K, Murayama K, Himi T
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is a disease that affects 8,000 new individuals a year, a number that has increased approximately 3-fold in the past 30 years. The increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer can be related to various factors. The evolution of diagnostic technology has distinctly occurred in the fields of diagnostic imaging, cytology and immunochemistry. For example, liquid-based cytology, developed to assess gynecological lesions, has improved diagnostic accuracy over conventional smear cytology. This technique can also be positi...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - April 28, 2016 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Influence of Age on Caloric Response.
In conclusion, patients with canal paralysis tend to complain of dizziness at the first medical examination, and the percentage of patients without vertigo during a caloric test increased with age.
PMID: 27115493 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology)
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - April 28, 2016 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Junctional Adhesion Molecule-A in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
Authors: Kurose M, Kakuki T, Takano K, Kondo A, Obata K, Nomura K, Miyata R, Kaneko Y, Konno T, Kohno T, Kojima T, Himi T
Abstract
Junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A), which belongs to the IgG superfamily, is one of the tight junction molecules. JAM-A is dysregulated in various cancers and is closely associated with the invasion and metastasis of cancers such as breast cancer, lung cancer and pancreatic cancer. In the present study, we found a high expression of JAM-A in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) as well as β-catenin in immunohistochemistry. The expression of JAM-A and β-catenin wa...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - April 28, 2016 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Pneumolabyrinth with Labyrinthitis as the Suspected Cause.
We report a case of pneumolabyrinth without trauma that was suspected to be caused by labyrinthitis. A 65-year-old man presented with vertigo and hearing loss in the left ear after catching a cold. Computed tomography performed after there had been no improvement in the patient's symptoms showed the presence of air bubbles in the vestibule, semicircular canals and cochlea. The patient was transferred to our hospital with suspected perilymphatic fistula. Bacterial infection was suspected after the laboratory tests had indicated a severe inflammatory response, and the patient was treated with antibiotics. However, no bacteri...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - April 28, 2016 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Expression of Inflammasome-Associated Proteins in Human Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
Authors: Takano K, Kondo A, Kurose M, Yamashita K, Nomura K, Obata K, Murayama K, Ito F, Himi T
Abstract
Inflammasomes, large protein complexes typically consisting of a Nod-like receptor (NLR), adapter protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC) and caspase-1, are postulated to be activated in response to danger signals arising from tumors. Inflammasomes are thought to have critical but contrasting roles through facilitating antitumor immunity and inducing oncogenic factors. However, the role and function of inflammasomes in oropharyngeal carcinoma remain unclear. We analyzed nin...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - April 28, 2016 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
