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Veterinary and Comparative Oncology, Ahead of Print. (Source: Veterinary and Comparative Oncology)
Source: Veterinary and Comparative Oncology - September 4, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

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Veterinary and Comparative Oncology,Volume 16, Issue 1, Page E99-E108, March 2018. (Source: Veterinary and Comparative Oncology)
Source: Veterinary and Comparative Oncology - September 4, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Overexpression of HER ‐2 via immunohistochemistry in canine urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma ‐ A marker of malignancy and possible therapeutic target
Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the most commonly diagnosed neoplasm in the urinary bladder. Distant metastases to the regional lymph nodes, lungs, abdominal organs or bones are noted in up to 50% of dogs at time of death. Surgical excision is often not practical as TCC typically involve the trigone of the bladder and/or occurs multifocally throughout the bladder with field cancerization. Therapeutic approaches are very challenging and the requirement to evaluate alternative therapeutic protocols that may prolong survival times in dogs bearing these tumours is compelling. We assessed the immunohistochemical expression...
Source: Veterinary and Comparative Oncology - September 4, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: F. Millanta, J. Impellizeri, L. McSherry, G. Rocchigiani, L. Aurisicchio, G. Lubas Tags: SHORT COMMUNICATION Source Type: research

Oncolytic reovirus therapy: Pilot study in dogs with spontaneously occurring tumours
In conclusion, reovirus is well‐tolerated and can be given safely to tumour‐bearing dogs according to the dosing regimen used in this study without significant concerns of viral shedding. Reovirus is also potentially effective in various types of canine tumours. (Source: Veterinary and Comparative Oncology)
Source: Veterinary and Comparative Oncology - September 1, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: C. C. Hwang, M. Igase, M. Sakurai, T. Haraguchi, K. Tani, K. Itamoto, T. Shimokawa, M. Nakaichi, Y. Nemoto, S. Noguchi, M. Coffey, M. Okuda, T. Mizuno Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Engineered cross ‐reacting nanobodies simplify comparative oncology between humans and dogs
Antibodies cross‐reacting with homologue antigens in different species would be essential reagents for the development of comparative oncology studies. In comparison with conventional immunoglobulin Gs, recombinant nanobodies (single‐domain variable regions of heavy‐chain only antibodies of Camelidae origin) can be easily isolated in vitro and engineered into a variety of reagents with optimized characteristics for different research and clinical applications. We recovered an anti‐human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (anti‐HER2) nanobody from a naïve llama library by direct panning on whole cells and express...
Source: Veterinary and Comparative Oncology - September 1, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: E. Mazzega, A. Marco Tags: SHORT COMMUNICATION Source Type: research

A dexamethasone, melphalan, actinomycin ‐D and cytarabine chemotherapy protocol as a rescue treatment for feline lymphoma
Nineteen cats with relapsed high‐grade/large‐cell lymphoma were treated with actinomycin‐D and cytarabine (DMAC). All cats had received Cyclophosphamide, Vincristine, Prednisolone (COP) as first‐line chemotherapy and most cats had received at least 2 prior rescue agents with 14 of 19 having received both epirubicin and lomustine. Five cats (26%) exhibited a response (defined as an improvement or resolution of tumour‐associated clinical signs/tumour volume, or complete/partial response) to chemotherapy though no patients received more than 2 cycles of DMAC. Most cats tolerated the protocol well though 3 patients e...
Source: Veterinary and Comparative Oncology - September 1, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: J. Elliott, R. Finotello Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Liposome ‐encapsulated chemotherapy: Current evidence for its use in companion animals
Cytotoxic drugs encapsulated into liposomes were originally designed to increase the anticancer response, while minimizing off‐target adverse effects. The first liposomal chemotherapeutic drug was approved for use in humans more than 20 years ago, and the first publication regarding its use in a canine cancer patient was published shortly thereafter. Regardless, no general application for liposomal cytotoxic drugs has been established in veterinary oncology till now. Due to the popularity of canines as experimental models for pharmacokinetic analyses and toxicity studies, multiple publications exist describing various ...
Source: Veterinary and Comparative Oncology - September 1, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: B. B ørresen, A. E. Hansen, A. Kjær, T. L. Andresen, A. T. Kristensen Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research

Feline vaccine ‐associated sarcomagenesis: Is there an inflammation‐independent role for aluminium?
In this study, we investigated the potential for aluminium to contribute directly to tumourigenesis. Our results indicated that an aluminium hydroxide adjuvant preparation was cytotoxic and mutagenic in human‐Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) hybrid cells in vitro. Moreover, CHO cells deficient in DNA double strand break (DSB), but not single‐strand break (SSB), repair, were particularly sensitive to aluminium exposure compared with repair proficient cells, suggesting that aluminium is associated with DSBs. In contrast to CHO cells, primary feline skin fibroblasts were resistant to the cytotoxic effects of aluminium compound...
Source: Veterinary and Comparative Oncology - September 1, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: M. A. AbdelMageed, P. Foltopoulou, E. A. McNiel Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Oral melphalan for the treatment of relapsed canine lymphoma
Oral melphalan has been included in multi‐agent rescue protocols for canine lymphoma but its activity as a single‐agent for this purpose has not been established. Inexpensive cost, ease of administration and tolerability make oral melphalan an attractive candidate for single‐agent rescue therapy of canine lymphoma. Retrospective evaluation of 19 cases of relapsed canine lymphoma treated with oral melphalan was performed. Melphalan was primarily administered (n = 16) via a high dose protocol (HDM) with a median dosage of 19.4 mg m−2. Fifteen dogs (78.9%) were treated concurrently with corticosteroids. Respon...
Source: Veterinary and Comparative Oncology - September 1, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: M. L. Mastromauro, S. E. Suter, M. L. Hauck, P. R. Hess Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Gain ‐of‐function mutation in PTPN11 in histiocytic sarcomas of Bernese Mountain Dogs
Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is an aggressive malignant neoplasm of dendritic cell origin that is common in certain breeds of dogs. High prevalence of fatal, disseminated HS has been described in Bernese Mountain Dogs (BMDs). Support for genetic predisposition to develop HS has been presented in several studies, but to date, causative genetic events have not been reported. In addition, no driver mutations have been identified in tumours. Recently, E76K gain‐of‐function mutation in SHP2 encoded by the PTPN11 gene has been described in human histiocytic malignancies. In our study, we identified the PTPN11E76K in HS of BMDs. ...
Source: Veterinary and Comparative Oncology - September 1, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: T. Thaiwong, S. Sirivisoot, M. Takada, V. Yuzbasiyan ‐Gurkan, M. Kiupel Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Increased frequency of CD45 negative T cells (T zone cells) in older Golden retriever dogs
This study aimed to confirm aberrant CD45 mRNA expression and determine if Golden retrievers without clinical lymphoma have an increased frequency of circulating TZ cells. Gene expression analysis on confirmed TZL cases showed a significant decrease in CD45 expression compared to normal dogs. Peripheral blood samples from senior dogs, 242 Golden retrievers and 42 non‐Golden retrievers, without evidence of lymphoproliferative disease were assessed for the presence of TZ cells by flow cytometry. Thirty‐one percent of Golden retrievers had TZ cells compared to 14% of non‐Golden retrievers. Thirty‐four percent of Golde...
Source: Veterinary and Comparative Oncology - September 1, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: K. L. Hughes, J. D. Labadie, J. A. Yoshimoto, J. J. Dossey, R. C. Burnett, A. C. Avery Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Novel hyperthermia applicator system allows adaptive treatment planning: Preliminary clinical results in tumour ‐bearing animals
Hyperthermia (HT) as an adjuvant to radiation therapy (RT) is a multimodality treatment method to enhance therapeutic efficacy in different tumours. High demands are placed on the hardware and treatment planning software to guarantee adequately planned and applied HT treatments. The aim of this prospective study was to determine the effectiveness and safety of the novel HT system in tumour‐bearing dogs and cats in terms of local response and toxicity as well as to compare planned with actual achieved data during heating. A novel applicator with a flexible number of elements and integrated closed‐loop temperature feedba...
Source: Veterinary and Comparative Oncology - September 1, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: S. Dressel, M. ‐C. Gosselin, M. H. Capstick, E. Carrasco, M. S. Weyland, S. Scheidegger, E. Neufeld, N. Kuster, S. Bodis, C. Rohrer Bley Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Rabacfosadine for relapsed canine B ‐cell lymphoma: Efficacy and adverse event profiles of 2 different doses
Rabacfosadine (RAB), a novel double prodrug of the acyclic nucleotide phosphonate PMEG, preferentially targets neoplastic lymphocytes with reduced off target toxicity. Historical studies have suggested that every 21‐day dosing is effective with acceptable toxicity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate RAB’s safety and efficacy at 2 different doses every 21 days in dogs with relapsed B‐cell lymphoma. Dogs that had failed 1 doxorubicin‐based chemotherapy protocol were eligible for inclusion in this prospective trial. Once enrolled, dogs were randomized to receive RAB at either 0.82 mg/kg or 1.0 mg/kg as a 30...
Source: Veterinary and Comparative Oncology - September 1, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: C. F. Saba, K. R. Vickery, C. A. Clifford, K. E. Burgess, B. Phillips, D. M. Vail, Z. M. Wright, M. A. Morges, T. M. Fan, D. H. Thamm Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Expression of receptor tyrosine kinase targets PDGFR ‐β, VEGFR2 and KIT in canine transitional cell carcinoma
Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the most common neoplasia of the canine urinary tract. It tends to be locally invasive and has a moderate metastatic rate. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) play an important role in promoting cell growth, differentiation and regulation of cell function. RTK inhibitor toceranib phosphate has been used anecdotally to treat TCC. The goal of this study was to evaluate archived normal urinary bladder, TCC and cystitis bladder samples for expression of toceranib phosphate targets: VEGFR2, PDGFR‐β and stem cell factor receptor (KIT). A significant number of TCC samples expressed PDGFR‐β ...
Source: Veterinary and Comparative Oncology - September 1, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: L. Walters, O. Martin, J. Price, M. M. Sula Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Fatty acid synthase as a potential therapeutic target in feline oral squamous cell carcinoma
This study aimed to characterize FASN as a therapeutic target in feline OSCC. Immunohistochemistry revealed high FASN expression in primary feline OSCC tumours, and FASN expression was detected in OSCC cell lines (3 feline and 3 human) by immunoblotting and quantitative real‐time‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Orlistat, a FASN inhibitor, substantially reduced cell viability in both feline and human OSCC lines, although feline cell lines consistently displayed higher sensitivity to the drug. FASN mRNA expression among cell lines mirrored sensitivity to orlistat, with feline cell lines expressing higher levels of...
Source: Veterinary and Comparative Oncology - September 1, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: J. Z. Walz, J. Saha, A. Arora, A. Khammanivong, M. G. O'Sullivan, E. B. Dickerson Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research