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Changes in Transcriptome-Wide Gene Expression of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears Based on Time From Injury
Conclusion: These findings are consistent with initial repair activity in the injured ACL, which declines with time from injury. Individual genes identified in this study, such as periostin, deserve further investigation into their role in tissue repair. Clinical Relevance: The decreased healing capacity of ACL tears over time is relevant to the development of effective techniques for repairing ACL tears and may have some significance for ACL reconstruction techniques as well. The potential for healing appears to be greatest in acute ACL tears, suggesting this window should be the focus of research for ACL repair. (Source...
Source: The American Journal of Sports Medicine - July 31, 2016 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Brophy, R. H., Tycksen, E. D., Sandell, L. J., Rai, M. F. Tags: Biology of ligament, Cell/Molecular biology, Knee ligaments, ACL Source Type: research

Incidence, Degree, and Clinical Effect of Subchondral Bone Overgrowth After Microfracture in the Knee
Conclusion: Subchondral bone overgrowth is frequently observed after microfracture surgery but is mostly of low grade. Several risk factors were identified that can affect the incidence of this phenomenon. Importantly, subchondral overgrowth is associated with an increased rate of postoperative failure after microfracture. (Source: The American Journal of Sports Medicine)
Source: The American Journal of Sports Medicine - July 31, 2016 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Mithoefer, K., Venugopal, V., Manaqibwala, M. Tags: Clinical assessment/Grading scales, Knee, articular cartilage, Articular cartilage resurfacing Source Type: research

Delayed Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Young Patients With Previous Anterior Tibial Spine Fractures
Conclusion: Although an ATSF is a relatively rare injury, our cohort of patients suggests that a subset of young patients with all types of tibial spine fractures will require later ACL reconstruction. There is a need to counsel patients that a delayed ACL rupture is a potential risk after an ATSF, especially as children approach skeletal maturity. Further patient follow-up and prospective studies are required. (Source: The American Journal of Sports Medicine)
Source: The American Journal of Sports Medicine - July 31, 2016 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Mitchell, J. J., Mayo, M. H., Axibal, D. P., Kasch, A. R., Fader, R. R., Chadayammuri, V., Terhune, E. B., Georgopoulos, G., Rhodes, J. T., Vidal, A. F. Tags: Knee ligaments, ACL, Pediatric sports medicine Source Type: research

Increased Medial Meniscal Slope Is Associated With Greater Risk of Ramp Lesion in Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
Conclusion: Increased MMS was identified to be an independent anatomic risk factor of concomitant ramp lesions in noncontact ACL injuries, particularly for those with a TFI ≥6 months. This may provide additional information for counseling patients who have increased MMS on the greater risk of secondary PHMM lesions if their ACL-deficient knee joints are not well stabilized initially. (Source: The American Journal of Sports Medicine)
Source: The American Journal of Sports Medicine - July 31, 2016 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Song, G.-y., Liu, X., Zhang, H., Wang, Q.-q., Zhang, J., Li, Y., Feng, H. Tags: Knee, general, Knee ligaments, ACL Source Type: research

The Utility of Limb Symmetry Indices in Return-to-Sport Assessment in Patients With Bilateral Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Conclusion: Both the ACLR-U and the ACLR-B groups demonstrated side-to-side deficits during functional hop tests; however, these deficits were not identified according to the clinically accepted LSI values of ≥90%, calling into question the efficacy of current RTS criteria. At the time of RTS, only individuals in the ACLR-U group demonstrated an altered LSI in quadriceps strength. Significantly lower quadriceps strength of both limbs in the ACLR-B group was seen compared with the CTRL group, despite no LSI deficits in quadriceps strength. Current use of LSIs during strength and performance tests may not be an appropriat...
Source: The American Journal of Sports Medicine - July 31, 2016 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Zwolski, C., Schmitt, L. C., Thomas, S., Hewett, T. E., Paterno, M. V. Tags: Injury prevention, Knee ligaments, ACL Source Type: research

Precollegiate Knee Surgery Predicts Subsequent Injury Requiring Surgery in NCAA Athletes
Conclusion: Precollegiate knee surgery in the Division I athlete is associated with subsequent injury requiring surgery in college. Athletes with a history of precollegiate surgery are at higher risk of subsequent surgery in their ipsilateral extremity compared with other extremities. (Source: The American Journal of Sports Medicine)
Source: The American Journal of Sports Medicine - July 31, 2016 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Wang, D., Rugg, C. M., Mayer, E., Lai, W. C., Sulzicki, P., Vail, J., Hame, S. L. Tags: Injury prevention, Knee, general, Athletic training, Pediatric sports medicine Source Type: research

High Failure Rate of a Decellularized Osteochondral Allograft for the Treatment of Cartilage Lesions
Conclusion: The SDOCA implant demonstrated a 72% failure rate within the first 2 years of implantation at these 2 institutions. (Source: The American Journal of Sports Medicine)
Source: The American Journal of Sports Medicine - July 31, 2016 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Farr, J., Gracitelli, G. C., Shah, N., Chang, E. Y., Gomoll, A. H. Tags: Biology of cartilage, Knee, articular cartilage, Allografts Source Type: research

The Effect of Cell Dose on the Early Magnetic Resonance Morphological Outcomes of Autologous Cell Implantation for Articular Cartilage Defects in the Knee: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Conclusion: This study reveals a trend toward earlier recovery after treatment with higher spheroid doses in terms of better defect filling for full-thickness cartilage defects of the knee, while outcomes after 12 months were similar in all dose groups. However, a correlation with clinical outcomes or the failure rate at 1 year after ACI was not found. A longer follow-up will be required for more definite conclusions on the clinical relevance of ACI cell density to be drawn. Registration: NCT01225575 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier); 2009-016816-20 (EudraCT number). (Source: The American Journal of Sports Medicine)
Source: The American Journal of Sports Medicine - July 31, 2016 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Niemeyer, P., Laute, V., John, T., Becher, C., Diehl, P., Kolombe, T., Fay, J., Siebold, R., Niks, M., Fickert, S., Zinser, W. Tags: Knee, articular cartilage Source Type: research

Effect of a Simple Collagen Type I Sponge for Achilles Tendon Repair in a Rat Model
Conclusion: Tendon healing was accelerated by the type I collagen sponge. Moreover, the mechanical properties of collagen-treated tendons appeared to be significantly closer to those of normal, uninjured tendons compared with control tendons without collagen treatment. Clinical Relevance: As a simple type I collagen sponge seems to increase the amount of local collagen type I, the careful use of such sponges might be an option for tendon augmentation during Achilles tendon surgery. (Source: The American Journal of Sports Medicine)
Source: The American Journal of Sports Medicine - July 31, 2016 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Müller, S. A., Dürselen, L., Heisterbach, P., Evans, C., Majewski, M. Tags: Biology of tendon, Biomechanics, tendon, Tissue engineering, Achilles tendon Foot, Ankle, and Leg Source Type: research

Ultrasound-Guided Injection Therapy of Achilles Tendinopathy With Platelet-Rich Plasma or Saline: A Randomized, Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Conclusion: PRP injection did not result in an improved VISA-A score over a 3-month period in patients with chronic AT compared with placebo. The only secondary outcome demonstrating a statistically significant difference between the groups was change in tendon thickness; this difference indicates that a PRP injection could increase tendon thickness compared with saline injection. The conclusions are limited to the 3 months after treatment owing to the large dropout rate. (Source: The American Journal of Sports Medicine)
Source: The American Journal of Sports Medicine - July 31, 2016 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Krogh, T. P., Ellingsen, T., Christensen, R., Jensen, P., Fredberg, U. Tags: Clinical assessment/Grading scales, Growth factors/Healing enhancement, Achilles tendon, Imaging, diagnostic ultrasound, Tendinosis Foot, Ankle, and Leg Source Type: research

Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Improve Collagenase-Induced Tendinopathy in a Rat Model
Conclusion: The study findings demonstrate that the application of ASCs results in significant improvement in the pathological findings associated with tendinopathy and the normalization of collagen ratios within the affected tendon. Clinical Relevance: Subcutaneous adipose tissue can be harvested easily, and ASC administration might have the potential to rapidly treat tendinopathy. (Source: The American Journal of Sports Medicine)
Source: The American Journal of Sports Medicine - July 31, 2016 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Oshita, T., Tobita, M., Tajima, S., Mizuno, H. Tags: Stem cell therapy, Tendinosis Biology and Translational Research Source Type: research

bFGF- and CaPP-Loaded Fibrin Clots Enhance the Bioactivity of the Tendon-Bone Interface to Augment Healing
Conclusion: bFGF- and CaPP-loaded fibrin clots enhanced cell migration and proliferation and the expression of related genes and proteins, which increased the bioactivity of the tendon-bone interface and resulted in the histological improvement of tendon-to-bone healing. Clinical Relevance: As fibrin clots have already been used in clinical practice, bFGF- and CaPP-loaded fibrin clots can be further used to augment healing in the early stages of tendon-to-bone healing. (Source: The American Journal of Sports Medicine)
Source: The American Journal of Sports Medicine - July 31, 2016 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Zhang, C., Li, Q., Deng, S., Fu, W., Tang, X., Chen, G., Qin, T., Li, J. Tags: Growth factors/Healing enhancement, Tissue engineering, Biologic healing enhancement Biology and Translational Research Source Type: research

Platelet-Rich Plasma in a Murine Model: Leukocytes, Growth Factors, Flt-1, and Muscle Healing
Conclusion: VEGF is only present in PRP's buffy coat, while Flt-1 is present in PPP. A PRP injection 7 days after an injury resulted in improved exercise performance. Clinical Relevance: The presence of Flt-1 in PRP provides yet another explanation for results described in the literature after a PRP injection. This information is relevant for selecting the best PRP for each type of injury. (Source: The American Journal of Sports Medicine)
Source: The American Journal of Sports Medicine - July 31, 2016 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Denapoli, P. M. A., Stilhano, R. S., Ingham, S. J. M., Han, S. W., Abdalla, R. J. Tags: Growth factors/Healing enhancement, Muscle injuries Biology and Translational Research Source Type: research

The Properties of 3 Different Plasma Formulations and Their Effects on Tendinopathic Cells
Conclusion: The main advantages of L-PRP and PRP use, compared with PPP, include their stronger chemotactic and proliferative properties. While PPP and PRP stimulate matrix anabolism, L-PRP is more proinflammatory. Emphasis should be placed on the temporal needs and biological characteristics of injured tendons, and plasma formulations need to be tailored accordingly. Clinical Relevance: Versatile systems allowing the preparation of different plasma formulations, such as PPP, PRP, or L-PRP, can help refine clinical applications by taking advantage of their different biological properties. (Source: The American Journal of Sports Medicine)
Source: The American Journal of Sports Medicine - July 31, 2016 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Rubio-Azpeitia, E., Bilbao, A. M., Sanchez, P., Delgado, D., Andia, I. Tags: Biology of tendon, Cell/Molecular biology, Growth factors/Healing enhancement, Biologic healing enhancement Biology and Translational Research Source Type: research

Harmful Effects of Leukocyte-Rich Platelet-Rich Plasma on Rabbit Tendon Stem Cells In Vitro
Conclusion: L-PRP has harmful effects on TSCs. Clinical Relevance: This study revealed the direct effects of different compositions of PRP on TSCs and provided basic scientific data to help understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the efficacy of PRP treatment in clinical use. (Source: The American Journal of Sports Medicine)
Source: The American Journal of Sports Medicine - July 31, 2016 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Zhang, L., Chen, S., Chang, P., Bao, N., Yang, C., Ti, Y., Zhou, L., Zhao, J. Tags: Biology of tendon, Cell/Molecular biology, Stem cell therapy, Tendinosis Biology and Translational Research Source Type: research