Cutaneous Manifestations in Neuro-Oncology: Clinically Relevant Tumor and Treatment Associated Dermatologic Findings
Skin findings are a rare but important aspect of the evaluation and management of patients with tumors of the nervous system. Skin findings have the highest prevalence in genetic tumor syndromes termed neuro-genodermatoses which include neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), and tuberous sclerosis. Skin changes are observed in patients with non-syndromic nervous system malignancy often as a result of pharmacotherapy. The skin may also manifest findings in paraneoplastic conditions that affect the nervous system providing an early indication of underlying neoplasm, including dermatomyosistis, neurop...
Source: Seminars in Oncology - February 22, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Roy E. Strowd, Lindsay C. Strowd, Jaishri O. Blakeley Source Type: research
Cutaneous Manifestations of Breast Cancer
Breast cancer may present with cutaneous symptoms. The skin manifestations of breast cancer are varied. Some of the more common clinical presentations of metastatic cutaneous lesions from breast cancer will be described. Paraneoplastic cutaneous dermatoses have been reported as markers of breast malignancy and include erythema gyratum repens, acquired ichthyosis, dermatomyositis, multicentric reticulohistiocytosis, and hypertrichosis lanuginosa acquista. Mammary Paget’s disease, often associated with an underlying breast cancer, and Cowden syndrome, which has an increased risk of breast malignancy, each have specific der...
Source: Seminars in Oncology - February 22, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Antoinette R. Tan Source Type: research
Cutaneous Manifestations Associated with Melanoma
Melanoma is a malignancy most commonly arising from the skin; therefore, primary melanoma characteristics are usually the first cutaneous manifestations of melanoma. Cutaneous metastases, which can occur locally or diffusely, are important to detect in a timely manner as treatments for advanced melanoma that impact survival are now available. Melanoma can be associated with local or diffuse pigmentation changes, including depigmentation associated with the leukodermas and hyperpigmentation associated with diffuse melanosis cutis. (Source: Seminars in Oncology)
Source: Seminars in Oncology - February 22, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Ritva Vyas, Jacqueline Selph, Meg R. Gerstenblith Source Type: research
Partnering with Skin to Outsmart Cancer: Following Leads Provided by Tumor-Specific T Cells
When Laura McGirt initiated this important and timely synthesis of the clinical and scientific linkage of systemic malignancies to dermatologic findings, I enthusiastically agreed to participate. My choice to pursue Dermatology was originally stimulated by Irwin Braverman’s mentorship of me, when as an immunologically oriented Yale Medical School student, I fortuitously landed in the laboratory of the premier pioneer in medical dermatology. Irwin asked me to proofread the drafted chapters for the first edition of his seminal text on “Skin Signs of Systemic Diseases” 1, for syntax, as he authored them. (Source: Seminars in Oncology)
Source: Seminars in Oncology - February 22, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Richard L. Edelson Source Type: research
Skin manifestations associated with kidney cancer
Kidney cancer is a heterogenous disease encompassing several distinct clinicopathologic entities with different underlying molecular aberrations and clinical outcomes. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been shown to evoke immunologic responses that can impact the natural history of disease and clinical presentation. It is important to recognize atypical presentations of disease, including cutaneous manifestations. The incidence of skin metastases from RCC is low, yet needs to be appreciated in the appropriate setting; clinical presentation for these lesions is reviewed briefly. (Source: Seminars in Oncology)
Source: Seminars in Oncology - February 21, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Asim Amin, Earle F. Burgess Source Type: research
Cutaneous manifestations of multiple myeloma and other plasma cell proliferative disorders
Plasma cell proliferative disorders cause rare but extremely varied dermatologic manifestations that may occur as an accompaniment to established diagnoses, or may be a first clue of an underlying neoplasm in the setting of clinical suspicion. In some instances skin lesions result from aggregation of misfolded monoclonal immunoglobulins or their fragments, as in light chain –related systemic amyloidosis. On other occasions the cutaneous lesions result from deposits of malignant plasma cells or monoclonal proteins. (Source: Seminars in Oncology)
Source: Seminars in Oncology - February 21, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Manisha Bhutani, Zainab Shahid, Alicia Schnebelen, Daisy Alapat, Saad Z. Usmani Source Type: research
Cutaneous manifestations of nontargeted and targeted chemotherapies
This article reviews the cutaneous adverse reactions and treatment options of both conventional cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents and newer targeted, multikinase inhibitors and immunomodulating therapies. (Source: Seminars in Oncology)
Source: Seminars in Oncology - February 21, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Veronica J. Shi, Lauren L. Levy, Jennifer N. Choi Source Type: research
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas in solid organ transplant recipients: emerging strategies for surveillance, staging, and treatment
The incidence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) in immunosuppressed solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) is 65- to 250-fold greater than in the general population. In addition, SCC in SOTRs is more aggressive than in the general population. SOTRs must undergo skin cancer screenings at intervals based on their risk stratification. The incidence of SCC in SOTRs varies with the type, intensity, and duration of the immunosuppressive regimen. Notably, patients on sirolimus have lower incidence of SCC compared to patients on calcineurin inhibitors. (Source: Seminars in Oncology)
Source: Seminars in Oncology - February 21, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Changhyun Kim, Joyce Cheng, Oscar R. Colegio Source Type: research
Cutaneous manifestations and management of hematologic neoplasms
Many malignant hematologic neoplasms can directly and indirectly involve the skin with lesions that are disfiguring, painful, and compromise integumentary function. The majority of lymphomas that directly infiltrate the skin are of T-cell origin but B-cell lymphomas, and other hematologic neoplasms, including acute myeloid and lymphoblastic leukemias, can also have cutaneous involvement, whereas some have an indolent course, eg, mycosis fungoides and marginal zone lymphoma, and easily respond to localized therapy with overall survival (OS) measured in years to decades. (Source: Seminars in Oncology)
Source: Seminars in Oncology - February 21, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Olalekan O. Oluwole, John A. Zic, Jonathan J. Douds, Mary Ann Thompson, John P. Greer Source Type: research
Skin manifestations of endocrine and neuroendocrine tumors
This article reviews the salient cutaneous features of these tumors that arise in the classic endocrine glands, lung and gastrointestinal tract either as individual neoplasms or as part of a syndrome. (Source: Seminars in Oncology)
Source: Seminars in Oncology - February 21, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Jonathan S. Leventhal, Irwin M. Braverman Source Type: research
Varied skin manifestations of malignancy: critical clues in diagnosis and treatment
“There are, in truth, no specialties in medicine, since to know fully many of the most important diseases a man must be familiar with their manifestations in many organs.”– Sir William Osler, The Army Surgeon, 1894 (Source: Seminars in Oncology)
Source: Seminars in Oncology - February 21, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Laura Y. McGirt Tags: Cutaneous Manifestations of Malignancy Source Type: research
Cutaneous manifestations of lung cancer
Skin findings can serve as a clue to internal disease. In this article, cutaneous manifestations of underlying lung malignancy are reviewed. Paraneoplastic dermatoses are rare, but when recognized early, can lead to early diagnosis of an underlying neoplasm. Malignancy-associated dermatoses comprise a broad group of hyperproliferative and inflammatory disorders, disorders caused by tumor production of hormonal or metabolic factors, autoimmune connective tissue diseases, among others. In this review, paraneoplastic syndromes associated with lung malignancy are discussed, including ectopic ACTH syndrome, bronchial carcinoid ...
Source: Seminars in Oncology - February 21, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Cindy England Owen Source Type: research
Soft tissue sarcomas in skin: presentations and management
Soft tissue sarcomas are a rare but heterogeneous family of malignant tumors that are predominantly found deep to the integumentary layer. Only a small number of these primary mesenchymal tumors actually originate from the dermal layers. A systematic approach to the evaluation and workup of these neoplasms can prevent inappropriate management. After staging evaluation, most of these tumors are primarily managed with en-bloc surgical resection. Other adjuvant therapies routinely employed include chemotherapy and radiation therapy. (Source: Seminars in Oncology)
Source: Seminars in Oncology - February 21, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Joshua C. Patt, Nikkole Haines Source Type: research
Cutaneous manifestations of genitourinary malignancy
Genitourinary cancers are associated with a range of cutaneous syndromes, which can reflect direct metastatic spread, non-metastatic manifestations of malignancy or the consequences of treatment. More than 220,000 new cases of prostate cancer occur each year in the United States, and thus the associations with cutaneous involvement are quite well documented —rare metastatic spread, vasculitic and hemorrhagic syndromes. Cancers of the bladder and kidney may be associated with direct cutaneous metastases, vasculitic syndromes, hereditary leiomyomatosis, and other familial syndromes. (Source: Seminars in Oncology)
Source: Seminars in Oncology - February 21, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Derek Raghavan Source Type: research
The cutaneous manifestations of gastrointestinal malignancy
The skin is often the herald of an underlying systemic illness, and gastrointestinal malignancies can present in numerous ways in the skin. Paraneoplastic phenomenon, such as acanthosis nigricans and tripe palm, may be the first indicator of a gastrointestinal malignancy. In addition, gastrointestinal cancers can metastasize to the skin, as described in the well-known Sister Mary Joseph ’s nodule. Inflammatory systemic conditions such as dermatomyositis and multicentric reticulohistiocytosis can be associated with underlying malignancy. (Source: Seminars in Oncology)
Source: Seminars in Oncology - February 21, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Courtney R. Schadt Source Type: research
