Comparative Aspects of Canine and Human Inflammatory Breast Cancer
Inflammatory breast cancer in humans (IBC) is the most aggressive form of mammary gland cancer and shares clinical, pathological and molecular patterns of disease with canine inflammatory mammary carcinoma (CIMC). Despite the use of multimodal therapeutic approaches, including targeted therapies, the prognosis for IBC/CIMC remains poor. The aim of this review is to critically analyze IBC and CIMC in terms of biology and clinical features. While rodent cancer models have formed the basis of our understanding of cancer biology, the translation of this knowledge into improved outcomes has been limited. (Source: Seminars in Oncology)
Source: Seminars in Oncology - November 2, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Teresa P. Raposo, Hugo Arias-Pulido, Nabila Chaher, Steven N. Fiering, David J. Argyle, Justina Prada, Isabel Pires, F.L. Queiroga Source Type: research
Bevacizumab in Breast Cancer: A Targeted Therapy Still in Search of a Target Population
Despite extensive clinical investigation, bevacizumab has failed to reliably demonstrate a survival benefit across breast cancer subtypes in the early or advanced setting. There is a strong biologic rationale for anti-angiogenic therapy in breast cancer, including the observation that elevated serum levels of HIF-1 and VEGF associate with poor prognosis [1–4]. However, while bevacizumab has reliably demonstrated transient activity in breast cancer, including detectable response rates and progression-free survival (PFS) advantages [5], this drug has not demonstrated a durable clinical benefit in breas t cancer. (Source:...
Source: Seminars in Oncology - October 31, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Douglas K. Marks, Kevin Kalinsky Source Type: research
Revisiting the Role of Bevacizumab in the Treatment of Breast Cancer
Bevacizumab is a monoclonal antibody directed against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that has been approved for use in a variety of cancers including colorectal and lung cancer [1,2]. Because malignancies are highly vascular in nature and depend on a robust blood supply to maintain cell viability, it was thought this anti-angiogenic antibody would slow tumor growth by limiting new blood vessel formation thus reducing blood supply. Although the specific tissue level mechanism of action of bevacizumab remains unknown, it may exert an anti-tumor effect, in part, by interfering with VEGF binding to its receptor on v...
Source: Seminars in Oncology - October 23, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Leticia Varella, Jame Abraham, Megan Kruse Source Type: research
Management of stage III non –small cell lung cancer
Optimal management of patients with locally advanced non –small cell lung cancer remains challenging in the context of this heterogeneous disease. Despite aggressive therapeutic approaches, survival benefits are still unsatisfactory for what might be viewed as a localized malignancy. A combined modality approach offers patients superior outcomes, especi ally because technological advances and refined surgical procedures now provide better results with fewer complications. Nevertheless, several features of therapy remain controversial and lack formal prospective data. (Source: Seminars in Oncology)
Source: Seminars in Oncology - October 18, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Samer Tabchi, Elie Kassouf, Elie El Rassy, Hampig Raphael Kourie, Jocelyne Martin, Marie-Pierre Campeau, Mustapha Tehfe, Normand Blais Source Type: research
Management of Stage III Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Optimal management of patients with locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains challenging in the context of this heterogeneous disease. Despite aggressive therapeutic approaches, survival benefits are still unsatisfactory for what might be viewed as a localized malignancy. A combined modality approach offers patients superior outcomes especially since technological advances and refined surgical procedures now provide better results with fewer complications. Nevertheless, several features of therapy remain controversial and lack formal prospective data. (Source: Seminars in Oncology)
Source: Seminars in Oncology - October 18, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Samer Tabchi, Elie Kassouf, Elie El Rassy, Hampig Raphael Kourie, Jocelyne Martin, Marie-Pierre Campeau, Mustapha Tehfe, Normand Blais Source Type: research
The distribution of cancer cases in Somalia
The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and distribution of cancer cases in a defined time period in Somalia. (Source: Seminars in Oncology)
Source: Seminars in Oncology - October 17, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Y ılmaz Baş, Hussein Abshir Hassan, Cevdet Adıgüzel, Oktay Bulur, İkram Abdikarim Ibrahim, Seçil Soydan Source Type: research
Uncoupling Tumor-Stroma Interactions in Breast Cancer Patients
Tumor-host interactions are highly regulated and are thought to either favor or impede tumor growth and survival [1,2]. These interactions consist in part on a tight cycling of nutrients and cytokines, and the modulation of signaling pathways between multiple cell types from tumor cells to non-tumor cells (e.g. immune cells, stromal cells). As a metabolic ecosystem is created, the enrichment of nutrients and coupling of the metabolism of stromal cells to that of tumor cells have been shown to support the growth of multiple cancers including breast and ovarian cancers [3,4]. (Source: Seminars in Oncology)
Source: Seminars in Oncology - October 17, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Carole Sourbier, Len Neckers Source Type: research
The Sunshine ACT And Oncology: Lessons Learned From Urology
The pervasive financial ties between physicians and the pharmaceutical industry are often regarded as potential sources for conflict of interest (COI) and have recently come under increased public scrutiny [1,2]. To curtail COIs, the Physician Payment Sunshine Act mandates that industry report the nature and dollar amount of financial relationships with physicians to the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services, which publishes the data in the publicly available Open Payments database. Other medical specialties have published the character of their relationship with industry [3]. (Source: Seminars in Oncology)
Source: Seminars in Oncology - October 13, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Mahir Maruf, Piyush K. Agarwal, Abhinav Sidana Source Type: research
Second-line therapy in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with progression after or under docetaxel: A systematic review of nine randomized controlled trials
Treatment decisions are challenging in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with progression after or under docetaxel. The current review systematically searched the published literature on all treatment options, and assessed the risk of bias and quality of evidence. It found the best available evidence for effective prolongation of overall survival and progression-free survival for abiraterone acetate plus prednisone versus placebo plus prednisone and enzalutamide versus placebo. (Source: Seminars in Oncology)
Source: Seminars in Oncology - October 10, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Michiel H.F. Poorthuis, Robin W.M. Vernooij, R. Jeroen. A. van Moorselaar, Theo M. de Reijke Source Type: research
Mitochondrial and glycolytic metabolic compartmentalization in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Metabolic heterogeneity between neoplastic cells and surrounding stroma has been described in several epithelial malignancies; however, the metabolic phenotypes of neoplastic lymphocytes and neighboring stroma in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is unknown. We investigated the metabolic phenotypes of human DLBCL tumors by using immunohistochemical markers of glycolytic and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) metabolism. The lactate importer MCT4 is a marker of glycolysis, whereas the lactate importer MCT1 and TOMM20 are markers of OXPHOS metabolism. (Source: Seminars in Oncology)
Source: Seminars in Oncology - October 10, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Mahasweta Gooptu, Diana Whitaker-Menezes, John Sprandio, Marina Domingo-Vidal, Zhao Lin, Guldeep Uppal, Jerald Gong, Roberto Fratamico, Benjamin Leiby, Alina Dulau-Florea, Jaime Caro, Ubaldo Martinez-Outschoorn Source Type: research
Metabolic coupling and the Reverse Warburg Effect in cancer: Implications for novel biomarker and anticancer agent development
Glucose is a key metabolite used by cancer cells to generate ATP, maintain redox state and create biomass. Glucose can be catabolized to lactate in the cytoplasm, which is termed glycolysis, or alternatively can be catabolized to carbon dioxide and water in the mitochondria via oxidative phosphorylation. Metabolic heterogeneity exists in a subset of human tumors, with some cells maintaining a glycolytic phenotype while others predominantly utilize oxidative phosphorylation. Cells within tumors interact metabolically with transfer of catabolites from supporting stromal cells to adjacent cancer cells. (Source: Seminars in Oncology)
Source: Seminars in Oncology - October 10, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Lindsay Wilde, Megan Roche, Marina Domingo-Vidal, Katherina Tanson, Nancy Philp, Joseph Curry, Ubaldo Martinez-Outschoorn Source Type: research
Second-line therapy in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with progression after or under docetaxel: A systematic review of nine randomized controlled trials
Treatment decision in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with progression after or under docetaxel are challenging. We systematically searched the published literature on all treatment options and assessed the risk of bias and quality of evidence. We found the best available evidence for effective prolongation of overall survival and progression-free survival for abiraterone acetate plus prednisone versus placebo plus prednisone and enzalutamide versus placebo. Other treatment modalities could be beneficial for individual patients by taking the selection criteria of the randomized clinical trials...
Source: Seminars in Oncology - October 10, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: M.H.F. Poorthuis, R.W.M. Vernooij, R.J.A. van Moorselaar, Th.M. de Reijke Source Type: research
Metabolic Symbiosis in Cancer and Its Therapeutic Implication
Cancer metabolism has long attracted the interest of basic and clinical investigators. Two recent review articles elegantly chronicle the history of this field, and provide insightful perspectives into exploiting cancer metabolism therapeutically.1,2 In cancer cells glucose, lactate, fatty acids, glutamine and other amino acids represent potential fuels for both oxidative (mitochondrial) and non-oxidative (glycolytic) processes to produce ATP, nucleotides, proteins, and other biomolecules necessary for deregulated growth and proliferation. (Source: Seminars in Oncology)
Source: Seminars in Oncology - October 10, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Mark R. Lipstein, Ipsita Pal, Susan E. Bates, Changchun Deng Source Type: research
Metabolic Coupling and the Reverse Warburg Effect in Cancer, implications for novel biomarker and anticancer agent development
Glucose is a key metabolite used by cancer cells to generate ATP, maintain redox state and create biomass. Glucose can be catabolized to lactate in the cytoplasm, which is termed glycolysis or alternatively can be catabolized to carbon dioxide and water in the mitochondria via oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Metabolic heterogeneity exists in a subset of human tumors, with some cells maintaining a glycolytic phenotype while others predominantly utilize OXPHOS. Cells within tumors interact metabolically with transfer of catabolites from supporting stromal cells to adjacent cancer cells. (Source: Seminars in Oncology)
Source: Seminars in Oncology - October 10, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Lindsay Wilde, Megan Roche, Marina Domingo-Vidal, Katherina Tanson, Nancy Philp, Joseph Curry, Ubaldo Martinez-Outschoorn Source Type: research
Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Complex Metabolic Ecosystem with Glycolytic Reprogramming of the Tumor Microenvironment
Twenty percent of patients with classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL) have aggressive disease defined as relapsed or refractory disease to initial therapy. At present we cannot identify these patients pre-treatment. The microenvironment is very important in cHL since non-cancer cells constitute the majority of the cells in these tumors. Non-cancer intra-tumoral cells such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have been shown to promote tumor growth in cHL via crosstalk with the cancer cells. Metabolic heterogeneity is defined as high mitochondrial metabolism in some tumor cells and glycolysis in others. (Source: Seminars in Oncology)
Source: Seminars in Oncology - October 10, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Lekha Mikkilineni, Diana Whitaker-Menezes, Marina Domingo-Vidal, John Sprandio, Paola Avena, Paolo Cotzia, Alina Dulau-Florea, Jerald Gong, Guldeep Uppal, Tingting Zhan, Benjamin Leiby, Zhao Lin, Barbara Pro, Federica Sotgia, Michael P. Lisanti, Ubaldo Ma Source Type: research
