A Comparative Analysis of Immune Privilege in Pregnancy and Cancer in the Context of Checkpoint Blockade Immunotherapy
Despite their abilities to elicit immune responses, both syngeneic tumors and the half-mismatched placenta grow in the host, unlike a tissue allograft that is aggressively rejected. This is due to local and systemic factors that contribute to the immunological privilege of tumors and the placenta. Checkpoint blockade immunotherapies subvert this privilege, with spectacularly beneficial outcomes in subsets of patients with certain types of cancer. A challenge for the community of scientists and clinicians is to replicate these successes in pregnant patients with cancer, without harm to the placenta. (Source: Seminars in Oncology)
Source: Seminars in Oncology - March 26, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Thomas R. Flint, James O. Jones, Miriam Ferrer, Francesco Colucci, Tobias Janowitz Source Type: research
CDK4/6 Inhibition as a Therapeutic Strategy in Breast Cancer: Palbociclib, Ribociclib, and Abemaciclib
It is estimated that about 1 in 8 US women develops invasive breast cancer during the course of their lifetime [1]. Currently in the US there are more than 3.1 million women affected by breast cancer and 40,920 American women are expected to die from breast cancer in 2018 [1,2]. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women both in developed and developing countries. Based on global health estimates, more than 508,000 women died in 2011 from breast cancer [3]. Certainly, advancements have been made in the past few decades, and these have led to higher survival rates. (Source: Seminars in Oncology)
Source: Seminars in Oncology - March 26, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Bahar Laderian, Tito Fojo Source Type: research
Viable Pregnancy in a patient with metastatic melanoma treated with double checkpoint immunotherapy
Metastatic cancers during pregnancy have historically been associated to dismal outcomes, with greater rates of tumor progression in part due to diminished treatment alternatives. Immunotherapy with T-cell checkpoint inhibitors has significantly impacted the survival of several metastatic tumors. However, given their mechanism of action immune-related adverse events can occur, especially with combined immunotherapy treatments. During pregnancy, checkpoint pathways have a major role providing immune tolerance to the fetal allograft. (Source: Seminars in Oncology)
Source: Seminars in Oncology - March 22, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Mauricio Burotto, Juan G. Gormaz, Suraj Samtani, Nicolas Valls, Ricardo Silva, Carlos Rojas, Sergio Porti ño, Carlos de la Jara Source Type: research
Biomarker-driven targeted therapies for gastric/gastro-esophageal junction malignancies
This article will review the various recent advances in the development of targeted therapies for the treatment of advanced gastric and gastroesophageal cancer. (Source: Seminars in Oncology)
Source: Seminars in Oncology - March 20, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Salem Kim, Afsaneh Barzi, Lakshmi Rajdev Source Type: research
Biomarker-Driven Targeted Therapies for Gastric/GEJ Malignancies
Gastric cancer is the 5th most common cancer and the 3rd leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide and is highly prevalent in East Asia, Middle and East Europe, and South America [2]. [Figure 1] Although Western countries have had a recent decline in the incidence of distal gastric adenocarcinomas, this has been accompanied by rising incidence of gastric cancers involving the gastric/GEJ junction (GEJ, gastro-esophageal junction), with the number of newly diagnosed cases increasing the most rapidly among US men between the ages of 25 to 39 years old [3]. (Source: Seminars in Oncology)
Source: Seminars in Oncology - March 20, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Salem Kim, Afsaneh Barzi, Lakshmi Rajdev Source Type: research
Biomarker-Driven and Molecular Targeted Therapies for Hepatobiliary Cancers
The recent accumulation of molecular profiling data for primary hepatobiliary malignancies including hepatocellular carcinoma and biliary tract cancers has led to a proliferation of promising therapeutic investigations in recent years. Treatment with pathway-specific targeted inhibitors and immunotherapeutic agents have demonstrated promising early clinical results. Key molecular alterations in common hepatobiliary cancers and ongoing interventional clinical trials of molecularly targeted systemic agents focusing on hepatocellular carcinoma and biliary tract cancer are reviewed. (Source: Seminars in Oncology)
Source: Seminars in Oncology - March 16, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: William P. Harris, Kit Man Wong, Supriya Saha, Imane El Dika, Ghassan K. Abou-Alfa Source Type: research
Surveillance imaging following definitive radiotherapy for non –small cell lung cancer: What is the clinical impact?
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Recurrence rates at all stages are high, but evidence-based post-treatment surveillance imaging strategies to detect recurrence are poorly defined, and salvage options are frequently limited. A number of national and international oncology guidelines address post-treatment imaging, but are largely based on low-level, retrospective evidence because of a paucity of high-quality data, particularly in regard to cost-effectiveness and quality-of-life endpoints. (Source: Seminars in Oncology)
Source: Seminars in Oncology - February 9, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Brandon A. Dyer, Megan E. Daly Source Type: research
Surveillance imaging following treatment of head and neck cancer
Post-treatment surveillance is an important component in the treatment of head and neck cancers, especially as the proportion of human papilloma virus-positive cancers increases. Early detection of recurrences or second malignancies can increase success and minimize the toxicity of salvage treatment. Unfortunately, there are no consensus guidelines on the frequency and modality of post-treatment imaging. Computed tomography, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) all have unique advantages and disadvantages when used as surveillance imaging. (Source: Seminars in Oncology)
Source: Seminars in Oncology - February 9, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Xiao Zhao, Shyam Rao Source Type: research
Surveillance imaging following definitive radiotherapy for non –small cell lung cancer: What is the clinical impact?
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Recurrence rates at all stages are high, but evidence-based post-treatment surveillance imaging strategies to detect recurrence are poorly defined, and salvage options are frequently limited. A number of national and international oncology guidelines address post-treatment imaging, but are largely based on low-level, retrospective evidence because of a paucity of high-quality data, particularly in regard to cost-effectiveness and quality-of-life endpoints. (Source: Seminars in Oncology)
Source: Seminars in Oncology - February 9, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Brandon A. Dyer, Megan E. Daly Source Type: research
Surveillance Imaging Following Definitive Radiotherapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: What is the Clinical Impact?
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Recurrence rates at all stages are high, but evidence-based post-treatment surveillance imaging strategies to detect recurrence are poorly defined, and salvage options are frequently limited. A number of national and international oncology guidelines address post-treatment imaging, but are largely based on low-level, retrospective evidence due to a paucity of high quality data, particularly in regard to cost-effectiveness and quality-of-life endpoints. (Source: Seminars in Oncology)
Source: Seminars in Oncology - February 9, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Brandon A. Dyer, Megan E. Daly Source Type: research
Surveillance Imaging Following Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer
Post-treatment surveillance is an important component in treatment of head and neck cancers, especially as the proportion of human papilloma virus positive cancers increase. Early detection of recurrences or second malignancies can increase the success and minimize the toxicity of salvage treatment. Unfortunately, there are no consensus guidelines on the frequency and modality of post treatment imaging. Computed Tomography, ultrasound, MR imaging and PET-CT all have unique advantages and disadvantages when used as surveillance imaging. (Source: Seminars in Oncology)
Source: Seminars in Oncology - February 9, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Xiao Zhao, Shyam Rao Source Type: research
Cell-free DNA as a post-treatment surveillance strategy: current status
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) consists of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragments that are released from tumor cells into the bloodstream. ctDNA harbors cancer-specific genetic and epigenetic alterations that allow its detection and quantification using a variety of emerging techniques. The promise of convenient non-invasive access to the complex and dynamic molecular features of cancer through peripheral blood has galvanized translational researchers around this topic with compelling routes to clinical implementation, particularly in the post-treatment surveillance setting. (Source: Seminars in Oncology)
Source: Seminars in Oncology - February 3, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Justin M. Burgener, Ariana Rostami, Daniel D. De Carvalho, Scott V. Bratman Source Type: research
