Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels and dysregulations in biological stress systems
Omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) consist of e.g. α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and are primarily found in fatty fish, along with some other seafood, and certain nuts and seeds (Simopoulos, 1999). N-3 PUFAs have anti-inflammatory properties and are suggested to positively influence brain functi oning (Smith et al., 2011). Low levels of n-3 PUFAs are observed in patients with several somatic or mental disorders, and accordingly several intervention studies have found a beneficial effect of n-3 PUFA supplementation on, for example, cardiovascular disease,...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - July 9, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Carisha S. Thesing, Mariska Bot, Yuri Milaneschi, Erik J. Giltay, Brenda W.J.H. Penninx Source Type: research
A P2X7 receptor antagonist reverses behavioural alterations, microglial activation and neuroendocrine dysregulation in an unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) model of depression in mice
Depression is a major public health challenge that has been the focus of intense research in the past. In 2010, in the Global Burden of Disease study, depressive disorders were found to be the 2nd leading cause of years lived with disability, and depression will rise to become the leading cause of disability by 2030 worldwide (Mathers and Loncar, 2006). The pathophysiology of depression is explained mainly on the basis of alterations in neuroplasticity and metabolism of monoamines. Though these theories have been translated into pharmacotherapy, 100% remission rates have still not been achieved (Santarelli et al., 2003). (...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - July 9, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Rai Khalid Farooq, Arnaud Tanti, Samia Ainouche, S ébastien Roger, Catherine Belzung, Vincent Camus Source Type: research
Influence of pre-existing hypertension on neuroendocrine and cardiovascular changes evoked by chronic stress in female rats
Clinical and preclinical studies have indicated that the complications related to stress are determined by characteristics of the aversive stimulus, such as type, duration, frequency, controllability, and intensity (Crestani, 2016; Koolhaas et al., 2011; Steptoe and Kivim äki, 2012). The influence of predictability on animal models has been investigated by comparing the effects of chronic stressors involving daily exposure to the same type of aversive stimuli (i.e., homotypic/predictable) versus different stressors (i.e., heterotypic/unpredictable) (Crestani, 2016). (Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - July 9, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Jonas O. Vieira, Josiane O. Duarte, Willian Costa-Ferreira, Carlos C. Crestani Source Type: research
Elevated salivary alpha-amylase levels at awakening in patients with depression
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders and the leading cause of disability worldwide (WHO, 2017). Despite extensive research, no specific biomarkers for MDD have been identified to date (Fried& Nesse, 2015). Although the mean level of salivary cortisol (SC; a hormone reflecting hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity) has often been found to be elevated in patients with mood, anxiety, and somatic disorders (MAS-disorders), this possible biomarker lacks the potential to distinguish among these disorders (Rief et al., 1998; Hellhammer et al., 2009). (Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - July 6, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: S.E.E.C. Bauduin, M.S. van Noorden, S.J.A. van der Werff, M. de Leeuw, A.M. van Hemert, N.J.A. van der Wee, E.J. Giltaya Source Type: research
Social-Evaluative Threat, Cognitive Load, and the Cortisol and Cardiovascular Stress Response
The social self-preservation model contends that humans are motivated to preserve the social self, or to maintain social esteem, acceptance, status, and value (Dickerson et al., 2004; Dickerson& Kemeny, 2004). Prototypical threats to this central goal are social-evaluative threats, or conditions in which an important aspect of self-identity is or could be negatively judged by others (Dickerson& Kemeny, 2004). We propose that these social-evaluative situations elicit a coordinated psychobiological response, including increases in cortisol. (Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - July 5, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Alex Woody, Emily D. Hooker, Peggy M. Zoccola, Sally S. Dickerson Source Type: research
Early-life socioeconomic disadvantage, not current, predicts accelerated epigenetic aging of monocytes
Aging-related chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer are among the leading causes of death worldwide. Morbidity and mortality from these conditions are disproportionately high among socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals (Braveman& Barclay, 2009). Although much evidence comes from studies of socioeconomic status (SES) during adulthood, accumulating data suggest early-life SES is also associated with age-related health problems. Independent of adulthood SES, early-life SES confers increased risk for upper respiratory infection, premature death, and morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disea...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - July 5, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Makeda K. Austin, Edith Chen, Kharah M. Ross, Lisa M. McEwen, Julia L. Maclsaac, Michael S. Kobor, Gregory E. Miller Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research
Depressive Symptoms and Adipokines in Women: Study of Women ’s Health Across the Nation
Major depressive disorder (MDD) and depressive symptoms have been linked to obesity, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and diabetes (Everson et al., 2002; Everson-Rose et al., 2004; Golden et al., 2004), all of which are metabolic risk factors that increase risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). A potential pathophysiologic pathway by which depression influences metabolic dysregulation is inflammation (Stewart et al., 2009; Rethorst et al., 2014). Clear associations have been reported between depression and C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), fibrinogen, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) (Maes, 1999...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - July 5, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Susan A. Everson-Rose, Cari J. Clark, Qi Wang, Hongfei Guo, Peter Mancuso, Howard M. Kravitz, Joyce T. Bromberger Source Type: research
Maternal parity and perinatal cortisol adaptation: The role of pregnancy-specific distress and implications for postpartum mood
A pattern well described in humans, maternal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity increases progressively across pregnancy, producing a doubling in maternal cortisol levels from early to late gestation with a return toward pre-pregnancy levels at postpartum (e.g., Conde& Figueiredo, 2014; Smy et al., 2016). Some studies suggest that, compared to women who have given birth before (i.e., multiparous women), those giving birth for the first time (i.e., primiparous women) show overall higher levels of maternal cortisol within this expected pattern of perinatal adaptation (Bouyou-Akotet et al., 2004; Conde& Figuei...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - July 5, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Shannon L. Gillespie, Amanda M. Mitchell, Jennifer M. Kowalsky, Lisa M. Christian Source Type: research
Emotional and Behavioral Adjustment in 4 to 11-Year-Old Boys and Girls with Classic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia and Unaffected Siblings
Classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is an autosomal recessive genetic condition, which occurs in approximately 1 in 16,000 to 1 in 20,000 births (White, 2009). More than 90% of cases are caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency, resulting in cortisol insufficiency and steroid precursors being converted to adrenal androgens (Pasterski& Hughes, 2016; White et al., 1994). Although females with classic CAH are exposed to elevated concentrations of androgens prenatally, prenatal androgen exposure in males with classic CAH appears to be within the normal male range (Pang et al., 1980; Wudy et al., 1999). (Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - July 5, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Karson T.F. Kung, Debra Spencer, Vickie Pasterski, Sharon A.S. Neufeld, Peter C. Hindmarsh, Ieuan A. Hughes, Carlo L. Acerini, Melissa Hines Source Type: research
Progressive habituation to separation alleviates the negative effects of weaning in the mother and foal
Most farm animals undergo early weaning. In domestic horses, foals are often separated from their mothers suddenly and definitively between 4 and 6 months of age (Waran et al., 2008). This weaning differs greatly from that observed under feral conditions, in both the age at which the foal is separated and its suddenness. Under natural conditions, foals progressively stop suckling between 11 and 12 months of age, when the mother is about to give birth again, but the bond with the mother remains intact. (Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - July 5, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: L éa Lansade, Aline Foury, Fabrice Reigner, Marianne Vidament, Elodie Guettier, Gwenaelle Bouvet, Delphine Soulet, Céline Parias, Alice Ruet, Nuria Mach, Frédéric Lévy, Marie-Pierre Moisan Source Type: research
DNA methylation and sex-specific expression of FKBP5 as correlates of one-month bedtime cortisol levels in healthy individuals
Allostatic load is a theoretical construct representing the sum of detrimental consequences of stress accumulated over time (Ogden, 2004). High allostatic load is a major contributor to poor health outcomes. Chronic exposure to the stress hormone cortisol is a significant component of allostatic load, and is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic disorders.(Bose et al., 2009; Brydon et al., 2006; Hackett and Steptoe, 2016; Kelly and Ismail, 2015) The brain is especially susceptible to cortisol, as prolonged exposure is associated with an increase in neuropsychiatric disorders,(Fardet et al., 2012) decrease in hippoca...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - July 4, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Richard S. Lee, Pamela B. Mahon, Peter P. Zandi, Mary E. McCaul, Xiaoju Yang, Utsav Bali, Gary S. Wand Source Type: research
Differential effect of the DRD3 genotype on inflammatory cytokine responses during abstinence in amphetamine-dependent women
Chronic use of amphetamine increased both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in female AD patientsThe immune imbalance may persist for 4 weeks or moreIL-8 levels maybe a potential early state-marker in recovery from amphetamine-induced neuroinflammationDRD3 rs6280 TT genotype may be associated with greater recovery in general inflammatory cytokines during abstinence (Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - July 2, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Shin-Chang Kuo, Yi-Wei Yeh, Chun-Yen Chen, Chang-Chih Huang, Pei-Shen Ho, Chih-Sung Liang, Chun-Long Lin, Ta-Chuan Yeh, Chang-Chih Tsou, Bao-Zhu Yang, Ru-Band Lu, San-Yuan Huang Source Type: research
Menstrual cycle irregularity and menopause status influence cognition in women with schizophrenia
Cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia, such as impaired memory, poor attention and information processing, and difficulties with executive functions, are a core feature of schizophrenia, strongly related to quality of life and functional outcomes (Green, 1996) (Nuechterlein et al., 2012). The aetiology and capacity to treat cognitive symptoms is understudied (Nuechterlein et al., 2012). Hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis that regulate reproductive function have multiple effects on the development, maintenance and function of the brain (Vadakkadath Meethal and Atwood, 2005) and have been previously impl...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - July 2, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: C. Gurvich, E. Gavrilidis, R. Worsley, A. Hadaib, N. Thomas, J. Kulkarni Source Type: research
Disruption of microglia histone acetylation and protein pathways in mice exhibiting inflammation-associated depression-like symptoms
Behavioral and molecular studies are uncovering the relationship between immune challenge, neuroinflammation, and depression behaviors (Dantzer et al., 2008; O ’Connor et al., 2009). Peripheral immune challenge can activate microglia, the innate immune cells of the brain. Changes in cytokines and other cell signals can dysregulate the tryptophan-kynurenine metabolic pathway that is associated with depression-like behaviors. Mice challenged peripherally w ith Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) exhibit sickness symptoms reflected by weight loss early in the first 2 days after challenge followed by recovery of weight by day 5 po...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - July 2, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Sandra L. Rodriguez-Zas, Cong Wu, Bruce R. Southey, Jason C. O ’Connor, Scott E. Nixon, Robmay Garcia, Cynthia Zavala, Marcus Lawson, Robert H. McCusker, Elena V. Romanova, Jonathan V. Sweedler, Keith W. Kelley, Robert Dantzer Source Type: research
Decreased use of active coping styles contributes to elevated allostatic load index in first-episode psychosis
Stressful life events play an important role in the development, course and outcome of psychotic disorders. It has been shown that a history of childhood and adult life adversities accounts for about threefold increase of psychosis risk (Beards et al., 2013; Varese et al., 2012). A history of childhood trauma has been also related to early non-response to antipsychotic treatment, more severe psychotic symptoms and poor long-term outcomes in this group of patients (Misiak et al., 2017a,b, Misiak et al., 2016; Misiak and Frydecka, 2016; Mondelli et al., 2015). (Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - June 27, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: B łażej Misiak, Kamila Kotowicz, Olga Loska, Filip Stramecki, Jan Aleksander Beszłej, Jerzy Samochowiec, Marcin Jabłoński, Piotr Podwalski, Katarzyna Waszczuk, Michał Wroński, Anna Michalczyk, Leszek Sagan, Patryk Piotrowski Source Type: research
