Childhood trauma dependent anxious depression sensitizes HPA axis function
Anxious depression is a common subtype of major depression with a reported proportion ranging between 45-55%. It has been associated with an increased severity (Fava et al, 2004), worse response to treatment (Domschke et al, 2010; Fava et al, 2008), increased suicidality (Tollefson et al, 1994) and increased functional impairment (Joffe et al, 1993). Despite the huge burden and severe consequences DSM-5 does not recognize anxious depression as a diagnostic subtype, but it provides the option to add the specifier “anxious distress”. (Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - July 26, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Andreas Menke, Dominik Lehrieder, Jasmin Fietz, Carolin Leistner, Catherina Wurst, Saskia Stonawski, Jannika Reitz, Karin Lechner, Yasmin Busch, Heike Weber, J ürgen Deckert, Katharina Domschke Source Type: research
Sleep Quality is Differentially Related to Adiposity in Adults
The prevalence of obesity has steadily risen worldwide in the last few decades and has become a major public health issue. More than one-third of adults (34.9%) in the United States are obese (Ogden et al., 2013). Obesity, particularly in the visceral region, is related to increased risk of diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and some cancers (Tchernof and Despres, 2013). Measures such as body mass index (BMI) and weight give limited information about disease risk because they lack the ability to determine body fat distribution. (Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - July 25, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: S. Katherine Sweatt, Barbara A. Gower, Angela Y. Chieh, Yang Liu, Li Li Source Type: research
Low estradiol is linked to increased skin conductance, but not subjective anxiety or affect, in response to an impromptu speech task
Anxiety disorders are characterized by impaired fear regulation. Exposure therapy is the most effective psychotherapeutic treatment for anxiety (Vervliet et al., 2013), involving exposure to situations that evoke fear, leading to a reduction in this emotion. Evidence suggests sex hormones modulate fear extinction, the laboratory basis of exposure therapy, which involves repeated non-reinforced exposure to a fear-eliciting conditioned stimulus (CS; i.e., a stimulus that was previously paired with an aversive unconditioned stimulus; US, like shock). (Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - July 25, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Emily C White, Bronwyn M Graham Source Type: research
Radiolabel Validation of Cortisol in the Hair of Rhesus Monkeys
Hair is becoming an increasingly popular matrix to measure cortisol as a biomarker of stress. It has been used in a diverse range of topics including: autism (Ogawa et al., 2017), the impact of asthma in children (Kamps et al., 2014), socioeconomic status (Vliegenthart et al., 2016), sleep (Maurer et al., 2016) as well as the association of hair cortisol with disease (e.g. Pereg et al., 2013). It has also been used to assess steroid hormones in utero from neonates, a measure that is only possible in hair, and more recently nails (Tegethoff et al., 2011), without invasive sampling. (Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - July 19, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Amita Kapoor, Nancy Schultz-Darken, Toni E. Ziegler Source Type: research
Antenatal depression programs cortisol stress reactivity in offspring through increased maternal inflammation and cortisol in pregnancy: The Psychiatry Research and Motherhood – Depression (PRAM-D) Study
In clinical studies, depression in pregnancy (antenatal depression) has been recognized as a key clinical risk factor for the transmission of abnormal mental health and behavior to the offspring generation, over and above the effects of disrupted maternal care due to postnatal depression (Davis et al., 2007; Pawlby et al., 2009; Gerardin et al., 2010; Hay et al., 2010; Pearson et al., 2013; Van Batenburg-Eddes et al., 2013). These effects of antenatal depression are wide-ranging, and include adverse effects on neonatal behavior (Zuckerman et al., 1990; Field et al., 2004a; Diego et al., 2005; Goodman et al., 2011; Pacheco ...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - July 18, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: S. Osborne, A. Biaggi, T.E. Chua, A. Du Preez, K. Hazelgrove, N. Nikkheslat, G. Previti, P.A. Zunszain, S. Conroy, C.M. Pariante Source Type: research
Early life stress accelerates age-induced effects on neurogenesis, depression, and metabolic risk
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors that include obesity, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. MetS increases the risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and shows a high comorbidity with depression (Zanoveli et al., 2016). However, this relationship is complex and poorly understood. Clinical evidence has shown that while T2DM did not predict symptoms of depression or anxiety, these symptoms emerged as significant risk factors for the onset of T2DM. (Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - July 18, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Roberto Ruiz, Ang élica Roque, Edel Pineda, Paula Licona-Limón, Juan José Valdéz-Alarcón, Naima Lajud Source Type: research
Peer victimization and diurnal cortisol rhythm among children affected by parental HIV: Mediating effects of emotional regulation and gender differences
Peer victimization is a wide-spread issue among school-aged children. Previous research estimated that approximately 70% of school children were targets of peer victimization (Finkelhor et al., 2009), with 10% experiencing frequent peer victimization (Reijntjes et al., 2010). Notably, peer victimization is a potent risk factor for poor physical and mental health during childhood and adolescence (Cluver et al., 2010; Hager and Leadbeater, 2016). The effect of childhood peer victimization on health may even persist through adulthood (Wolke et al., 2013). (Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - July 15, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Yanping Jiang, Xiaoming Li, Lihua Chen, Guangyu Zhou, Junfeng Zhao, Guoxiang Zhao Source Type: research
Peripheral DNA methylation of HPA axis-related genes in humans: cross-tissue convergence, two-year stability and behavioural and neural correlates
An increasing body of evidence spanning over the past decade supports the potential role of epigenetic processes in the development and maintenance of psychiatric disorders. One of these mechanisms is through the effects of HPA axis dysregulation. Indeed, one widely postulated hypothesis suggests that stress has a long-lasting influence on gene expression through epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, which can disrupt behavioural and physiological outcomes by interfering with neurobiological pathways (Szyf, 2013). (Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - July 15, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Jessica Di Sante, Elmira Ismaylova, Zsofia Nemoda, Jean-Philippe Gouin, Wei-Jo Yu, Warren Caldwell, Frank Vitaro, Moshe Szyf, Richard E. Tremblay, Linda Booij Source Type: research
Obesity influences white matter integrity in schizophrenia
Schizophrenia associates with metabolic alterations and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS), type 2 diabetes, various cancers, and overall mortality (Vancampfort et al., 2013). Possibly due to unhealthy life-style and antipsychotics side-effects (Mitchell et al., 2013), patients with schizophrenia have an increased weight or comorbid obesity in 40-60%. Metabolic alteration are detectable at the earliest stages of illness, and their incidence increases in multi-episode patients (Minichino et al., 2017). (Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - July 15, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Marco Spangaro, Elena Mazza, Sara Poletti, Roberto Cavallaro, Francesco Benedetti Source Type: research
Associations between adrenarcheal hormones, amygdala functional connectivity and anxiety symptoms in children
Anxiety disorders are common in childhood and adolescence (Costello et al., 2003). They have an early median age of onset compared to other forms of psychopathology, such as depression (Kessler et al., 2005), and often persist through adolescence (Costello et al., 2003). Further, elevated anxiety symptoms during childhood are associated with increased risk for later anxiety and depressive disorders (Keenan et al., 2009). The transition from childhood to adolescence seems to be a particularly vulnerable period for the development of anxiety symptoms and disorders. (Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - July 15, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Marjolein E.A. Barendse, Julian G. Simmons, Michelle L. Byrne, George Patton, Lisa Mundy, Craig A. Olsson, Marc L. Seal, Nicholas B. Allen, Sarah Whittle Source Type: research
Alcohol consumption is positively associated with fasting serum ghrelin in non-dependent adults: Results from the population-based LIFE-Adult-Study
Ghrelin is a 28-amino acid peptide hormone, which is predominantly synthesized in the stomach. A multitude of potential functions of ghrelin has been described including potent effects on different endocrine axes (Kluge et al., 2007 2010b, 2013; Takaya et al., 2000) as well as various other peripheral (e.g. increasing intestinal motility and cardiac output (M üller et al., 2015)) and central effects, e.g. on sleep (Kluge et al., 2010a) or learning (Diano et al., 2006). (Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - July 15, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Dirk Alexander Wittekind, J ürgen Kratzsch, Roland Mergl, Cornelia Enzenbach, A. Veronica Witte, Arno Villringer, Michael Kluge Source Type: research
Glucocorticoid receptor exon 1F methylation and the cortisol stress response in health and disease
Stress is arguably the most common environmental factor leading to psychopathology (Smoller, 2016), and its effects are especially detrimental when occurring during childhood (Carr et al., 2013; Nanni et al., 2012). This persisting impact of stress during development is thought to be partially mediated by epigenetic mechanisms. A seminal study in 2004 proposed the 1F region of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) to be of crucial importance in this context (Weaver et al., 2004). Pups of low licking-grooming dams showed higher methylation in the rat ortholog of the 1F region, which was linked to impaired feedback by corticoster...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - July 12, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Remmelt R. Sch ür, Judith M.C. van Leeuwen, Lotte C. Houtepen, Marian Joëls, René S. Kahn, Marco P. Boks, Christiaan H. Vinkers Source Type: research
Pathophysiology in a model of Gulf War Illness: Contributions of pyridostigmine bromide and stress
The Gulf War was unusual in its use of pyridostigmine bromide (PB) as prophylactic treatment against toxicity from nerve gas agents. However, this prophylactic treatment along with the stress of deployment may have caused unexpected alterations in neural and immune function, resulting in a host of cognitive deficits which are a component of symptoms now clinically termed Gulf War Illness (GWI). Although GWI is considered a unique diagnosis for veterans deployed in the Gulf War, symptomology of GWI parallels symptoms of other conditions in civilian populations, including chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), major depressive diso...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - July 10, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: V.A. Macht, J.L. Woodruff, C.A. Grillo, C.S. Wood, M.A. Wilson, L.P. Reagan Source Type: research
Prenatal and postnatal cortisol and testosterone are related to parental caregiving quality in fathers, but not in mothers
The quality of parental caregiving is a critical factor in a child ’s cognitive and social-emotional development, with insensitive caregiving practices increasing the risk for developing various types of psychopathology (Gilbert et al., 2009; Keyes et al., 2012; Morris et al., 2013; Pechtel and Pizzagalli, 2011). It is therefore of great importance to understand the underlying factors that bring forth variation in parents’ caregiving quality, including endocrine factors (Bos, 2017; Feldman, 2015; Rilling, 2013). (Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - July 9, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Peter A. Bos, Christine Hechler, Roseriet Beijers, Kazuyuki Shinohar, Gianluca Esposito, Carolina de Weerth Source Type: research
Sexual Orientation and Salivary Alpha-Amylase Diurnal Rhythms in a Cohort of U.S. Young Adults
Sexual orientation-related physical and mental health disparities have been well-documented in the United States. Sexual minorities report greater prevalence of depressive and anxious symptoms, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), disordered eating, and other adverse health outcomes compared with heterosexual populations (Institute of Medicine, 2011). Both stress and attachment paradigms suggest that health inequities adversely affecting sexual minorities result from social stigmatization enacted through discrimination, harassment, abuse, and violence (Minority Stress Theory) (Meyer, 2003; Rosario et al., 2002) and from ...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - July 9, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: S. Bryn Austin, Margaret Rosario, Katie A. McLaughlin, Andrea L. Roberts, Vishnudas Sarda, Kimberly Yu, Stacey Missmer, Laura Anatale-Tardiff, Emily A. Scherer Source Type: research
