Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Review of the biomechanics and biotribology of osteochondral grafts used for surgical interventions in the knee
A review of research undertaken to evaluate the biomechanical stability and biotribological behaviour of osteochondral grafts in the knee joint and a brief discussion of areas requiring further improvement in future studies are presented. The review takes into consideration osteochondral autografts, allografts, tissue engineered constructs and synthetic and biological scaffolds. (Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine)
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - November 24, 2015 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Bowland, P., Ingham, E., Jennings, L., Fisher, J. Tags: Special Issue Articles Source Type: research

Biphasic and boundary lubrication mechanisms in artificial hydrogel cartilage: A review
Various studies on the application of artificial hydrogel cartilage to cartilage substitutes and artificial joints have been conducted. It is expected in clinical application of artificial hydrogel cartilage that not only soft-elastohydrodynamic lubrication but biphasic, hydration, gel-film and boundary lubrication mechanisms will be effective to sustain extremely low friction and minimal wear in daily activities similar to healthy natural synovial joints with adaptive multimode lubrication. In this review article, the effectiveness of biphasic lubrication and boundary lubrication in hydrogels in thin film condition is foc...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - November 24, 2015 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Murakami, T., Yarimitsu, S., Nakashima, K., Sakai, N., Yamaguchi, T., Sawae, Y., Suzuki, A. Tags: Special Issue Articles Source Type: research

Double-network hydrogel and its potential biomedical application: A review
Double-network hydrogels are one of the most promising candidates as artificial soft supporting tissues owing to their excellent mechanical performance, water storage capability, and biocompatibility. A double-network hydrogel consists of two contrasting polymer networks: rigid and brittle first network and soft and ductile second network. To satisfy this double-network requirement, polyelectrolyte and neutral polymer are suitable as the first and the second networks, respectively. Combination of these two networks gives rise to extraordinarily tough double-network hydrogel as a result of substantial internal fracture of t...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - November 24, 2015 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Nonoyama, T., Gong, J. P. Tags: Special Issue Articles Source Type: research

Quantifying the lubricity of mechanically tough polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels for cartilage repair
In this study, we quantified the coefficient of friction of various candidate polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels against cobalt–chrome alloy or swine cartilage using a new rheometer-based method. We investigated the coefficient of friction of polyvinyl alcohol–only hydrogels and blends with polyethylene glycol, polyacrylic acid, and polyacrylamide against swine cartilage and polished cobalt–chrome surfaces. The addition of the functional groups to polyvinyl alcohol, such as acrylamide (semi-interpenetrating network) and acrylic acid (blend), significantly reduced the coefficient of friction. The coefficient of f...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - November 24, 2015 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Ling, D., Bodugoz-Senturk, H., Nanda, S., Braithwaite, G., Muratoglu, O. K. Tags: Special Issue Articles Source Type: research

Swelling and mechanical properties of physically crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels
Physically crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) gels are versatile biomaterials due to their excellent biocompatibility. In the past decades, physically crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(vinyl alcohol)-based hydrogels have been extensively studied for biomedical applications. However, these materials have not yet been implemented due to their mechanical strength. Physically crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) gels consist of a swollen amorphous network of poly(vinyl alcohol) physically crosslinked by microcrystallites. Although the mechanical properties can be improved to some extent by controlling the distribution of microc...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - November 24, 2015 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Suzuki, A., Sasaki, S. Tags: Special Issue Articles Source Type: research

Hydrogels in Biomedical Use
(Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine)
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - November 24, 2015 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Murakami, T. Tags: Special Issue Editorial Source Type: research

Global and segmental kinematic changes following sequential resection of posterior osteoligamentous structures in the lumbar spine: An in vitro biomechanical investigation using pure moment testing protocols
Lumbar spinal surgeries may compromise the integrity of posterior osteoligamentous structures implicating mechanical stability. Circumstances necessitating a concomitant surgery to achieve restabilisation are not well understood. The main objective of this in vitro study was to quantify global and segmental (index and adjacent levels) kinematic changes in the lumbar spine following sequential resection of the posterior osteoligamentous structures using pure moment testing protocols. Six fresh frozen cadaveric kangaroo lumbar spines (T12–S1) were tested under a bending moment in flexion–extension, bilateral bend...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - October 25, 2015 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Chamoli, U., Korkusuz, M. H., Sabnis, A. B., Manolescu, A. R., Tsafnat, N., Diwan, A. D. Tags: Technical Note Source Type: research

Lessons from retrievals: Retrievals help understand the reason for revision of coated hip arthroplasties
Coatings have been applied to all surfaces of hip implants with the majority performing well in the laboratory, but there are few reports of their performance in humans. The rationale for coating the metal-on-metal bearing surfaces includes a reduction in metal ion release and risk of adverse reaction to metal debris; yet there are no reports of retrieved coated metal-on-metal hip implants despite the concern that they may delaminate. The aim of this study was to better understand the performance of coated hip implants in humans through findings of three coated metal-on-metal hip resurfacings, retrieved after failure for u...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - October 25, 2015 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: de Villiers, D., Hothi, H., Khatkar, H., Meswania, J., Blunn, G., Skinner, J., Hart, A. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Analysis of the structural behaviour of colonic segments by inflation tests: Experimental activity and physio-mechanical model
A coupled experimental and computational approach is provided for the identification of the structural behaviour of gastrointestinal regions, accounting for both elastic and visco-elastic properties. The developed procedure is applied to characterize the mechanics of gastrointestinal samples from pig colons. Experimental data about the structural behaviour of colonic segments are provided by inflation tests. Different inflation processes are performed according to progressively increasing top pressure conditions. Each inflation test consists of an air in-flow, according to an almost constant increasing pressure rate, such ...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - October 25, 2015 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Carniel, E. L., Mencattelli, M., Bonsignori, G., Fontanella, C. G., Frigo, A., Rubini, A., Stefanini, C., Natali, A. N. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Pullout performance comparison of pedicle screws based on cement application and design parameters
This study concentrates on the usage of dual lead dual core with cement augmentation as an alternative to cannulated and standard pedicle screws with cement augmentation. Five groups (dual lead dual core, normal pedicle screw and cannulated pedicle screw with augmentation, normal pedicle screw, dual lead dual cored pedicle screw) were designed for this study. Healthy bovine vertebrae and synthetic polyurethane foams (grade 20) were used as embedding test medium. Test samples were prepared in accordance with surgical guidelines and ASTM F543 standard testing protocols. Pullout tests were conducted with Instron 3300 testing ...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - October 25, 2015 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Tolunay, T., Basgül, C., Demir, T., Yaman, M. E., Arslan, A. K. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Biomechanical comparison of unilateral semi-rigid and dynamic stabilization on ovine vertebrae
In this study, four different unilateral pedicle screw fixation systems were evaluated to determine which one best approximated an intact spine with respect to biomechanics and kinematics. The four groups included an intact group, a unilateral facetectomy group with no fixation, a unilateral semi-rigid pedicle screw fixation group with a poly-ether-ether-ketone rod, and a unilateral dynamic pedicle screw fixation group. The bone mineral densities of all specimens were measured and specimens were matched with groups randomly. Flexion, lateral bending, and axial rotation tests were performed to compare the groups. For the fl...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - October 25, 2015 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Karakoyun, D. O., Özkaya, M., Okutan, V. C., Dalgıc, A., Belen, D., Demir, T. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Dynamic, six-axis stiffness matrix characteristics of the intact intervertebral disc and a disc replacement
This study has demonstrated, for the first time, a method for the quantitative comparative mechanical function testing of total disc replacements and provides baseline data for the development of future devices. (Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine)
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - October 25, 2015 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Holsgrove, T. P., Gill, H. S., Miles, A. W., Gheduzzi, S. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Machining of bone: Analysis of cutting force and surface roughness by turning process
This study views bone machining as a machining process with bovine bone as the workpiece material. Turning process which makes the basis of the actually used drilling process was experimented. The focus is on evaluating the effects of three machining parameters, that is, cutting speed, feed, and depth of cut, to machining responses, that is, cutting forces and surface roughness resulted by the turning process. Response surface methodology was used to quantify the relation between the machining parameters and the machining responses. The turning process was done at various cutting speeds (29–156 m/min), depths of cut ...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - October 25, 2015 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Noordin, M., Jiawkok, N., Ndaruhadi, P., Kurniawan, D. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

A method for in vitro regional aerosol deposition measurement in a model of the human tracheobronchial tree by the positron emission tomography
This article introduces a method based on positron emission tomography, which allows acquisition of detailed experimental data on local aerosol deposition in a realistic model of human lungs. The method utilizes the Condensation Monodisperse Aerosol Generator modified for a safe production of radioactive aerosol particles and a special measuring rig. The scanning of the model is performed on a positron emission tomography–computed tomography scanner. The evaluation of aerosol deposition is based on a volume radioactivity analysis in a specialized, yet publicly available software. The reliability of the method was tes...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - September 24, 2015 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Lizal, F., Belka, M., Adam, J., Jedelsky, J., Jicha, M. Tags: Technical Note Source Type: research

Probing depth in periodontal pockets: In vitro evaluation of contributions to variability due to probe type and operator skill
Periodontal probing aims at detecting the presence, type and gravity of periodontal diseases influencing distance between gingival margin and connective ligament. Measurements in vivo are affected by substantial uncertainty, owing, for example, to probe features, anatomic variations and operator’s skill. Inadequate reproducibility in periodontal probing may lead to diagnostic mistakes and inappropriate therapeutic decisions. In vitro evaluation of reproducibility of measurements of periodontal pockets was aimed at while developing a Periodontal Calibration Box designed to calibrate periodontal probe operators, cateri...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - September 24, 2015 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Erriu, M., Genta, G., Pili, F. M. G., Barbato, G., Denotti, G., Levi, R. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research