Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Multi-objective optimisation for musculoskeletal modelling: Application to a planar elbow model
One of the open issues in musculoskeletal modelling remains the choice of the objective function that is used to solve the muscular redundancy problem. Some authors have recently proposed to introduce joint reaction forces in the objective function, and the question of the weights associated with musculo-tendon forces and joint reaction forces arose. This question typically deals with a multi-objective optimisation problem. The aim of this study is to illustrate, on a planar elbow model, the ensemble of optimal solutions (i.e. Pareto front) and the solution of a global objective method that represent different compromises ...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - November 18, 2014 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Dumas, R., Moissenet, F., Lafon, Y., Cheze, L. Tags: Technical Notes Source Type: research

The effect of repeated loading and freeze-thaw cycling on immature bovine thoracic motion segment stiffness
There is growing interest in the biomechanics of "fusionless" implant constructs used for deformity correction in the thoracic spine; however, there are questions over the comparability of in vitro biomechanical studies from different research groups due to the various methods used for specimen preparation, testing and data collection. The aim of this study was to identify the effect of two key factors on the stiffness of immature bovine thoracic spine motion segments: (1) repeated cyclic loading and (2) multiple freeze–thaw cycles, to aid in the planning and interpretation of in vitro studies. Two groups of thoracic...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - November 18, 2014 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Sunni, N., Askin, G. N., Labrom, R. D., Izatt, M. T., Pearcy, M. J., Adam, C. J. Tags: Technical Notes Source Type: research

Bacterial adherence and biofilm formation on medical implants: A review
This article provides an overview of bacterial biofilm formation and methods adopted for the inhibition of bacterial adhesion on medical implants (Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine)
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - November 18, 2014 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Veerachamy, S., Yarlagadda, T., Manivasagam, G., Yarlagadda, P. K. Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

A survey of ultrasound elastography approaches to percutaneous ablation monitoring
Percutaneous thermal ablation has been widely used as a minimally invasive treatment for tumors. Treatment monitoring is essential for preventing complications while ensuring treatment efficacy. Mechanical testing measurements on tissue reveal that tissue stiffness increases with temperature and ablation duration. Different types of imaging methods can be used to monitor ablation procedures, including temperature or thermal strain imaging, strain imaging, modulus imaging, and shear modulus imaging. Ultrasound elastography demonstrates the potential to become the primary imaging modality for monitoring percutaneous ablation...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - November 18, 2014 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Zhou, Z., Wu, W., Wu, S., Xia, J., Wang, C.-Y., Yang, C., Lin, C.-C., Tsui, P.-H. Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Experimental characterization of post rigor mortis human muscle subjected to small tensile strains and application of a simple hyper-viscoelastic model
In models developed for impact biomechanics, muscles are usually represented with one-dimensional elements having active and passive properties. The passive properties of muscles are most often obtained from experiments performed on animal muscles, because limited data on human muscle are available. The aim of this study is thus to characterize the passive response of a human muscle in tension. Tensile tests at different strain rates (0.0045, 0.045, and 0.45 s–1) were performed on 10 extensor carpi ulnaris muscles. A model composed of a nonlinear element defined with an exponential law in parallel with one or two Max...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - November 18, 2014 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Gras, L.-L., Laporte, S., Viot, P., Mitton, D. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Analysis of movement axes of the ankle and subtalar joints: Relationship with the articular surfaces of the talus
In this study, we aimed to analyse the axes of the talocrural and subtalar joints, using the talar articular surface method, and compare these results with those of the previous studies. We used three-dimensional reconstruction models of tali among Korean individuals. The axes of the talocrural and subtalar joints were calculated by using the least-square sphere fitting method, and the principal axis was used for reference coordination. The shape of the talus was classified based on the shape of its anterior, middle, and posterior calcaneal facets, and the talar shape was compared with the movement axes. The movement axes ...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - November 18, 2014 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Cho, H.-J., Kwak, D.-S., Kim, I.-B. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Biomechanical design of Less Invasive Stabilization System femoral plates: Computational evaluation of the fracture environment
Less Invasive Stabilization System femoral plates are currently accepted as a suitable fixation technique for supra-intercondylar femoral fractures. However, general agreement does not exist regarding the optimum design of this fixator type. Therefore, the aim of this article is to reduce the intrinsic Less Invasive Stabilization System complications by clarifying, from a biomechanical point of view, how the number of screws, the screw connection type (unicortical or bicortical), or the structured position of the screws can influence the outcome of the fracture site. These studies include a specific finite element analysis...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - November 18, 2014 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Reina-Romo, E., Giraldez-Sanchez, M., Mora-Macias, J., Cano-Luis, P., Dominguez, J. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

A predator-prey based mathematical model of the bone remodelling cycle: Exploring the relationship between the model parameters and biochemical factors
This article first extends the previous work by proposing relationships between the model parameters and biochemical factors involved in the bone remodelling process and by examining whether those relationships do predict the behaviours observed in vivo. The model is then applied to the simulation and investigation of bone remodelling of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The proposed connections are supported by good agreement between the model simulations and published experimental observations for the normal condition and all three pathological variations in bone remodelling. (Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechani...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - November 18, 2014 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Ji, B., Yang, Q., Genever, P. G., Patton, R. J., Fagan, M. J. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Monitoring the press-fit insertion of an acetabular cup by impact measurements: Influence of bone abrasion
Press-fit procedures used for the insertion of cementless hip prostheses aim at obtaining optimal implant primary stability. We have previously used the measurement of impact duration to follow the insertion of the acetabular cup implant within bone tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the variation of the value of the impact momentum due to successive insertions of the acetabular cup into bone tissue. The results obtained with impact momentum and contact duration measurements were compared. A total of 10 bovine bone samples were subjected to three successive procedures consisting of 10 reproducible impacts (3....
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - November 18, 2014 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Michel, A., Bosc, R., Mathieu, V., Hernigou, P., Haiat, G. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

ASTM F1717 standard for the preclinical evaluation of posterior spinal fixators: Can we improve it?
Preclinical evaluation of spinal implants is a necessary step to ensure their reliability and safety before implantation. The American Society for Testing and Materials reapproved F1717 standard for the assessment of mechanical properties of posterior spinal fixators, which simulates a vertebrectomy model and recommends mimicking vertebral bodies using polyethylene blocks. This set-up should represent the clinical use, but available data in the literature are few. Anatomical parameters depending on the spinal level were compared to published data or measurements on biplanar stereoradiography on 13 patients. Other mechanica...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - November 18, 2014 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: La Barbera, L., Galbusera, F., Villa, T., Costa, F., Wilke, H.-J. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Biomechanical comparison of mono-segment transpedicular fixation with short-segment fixation for treatment of thoracolumbar fractures: A finite element analysis
Mono-segment transpedicular fixation is a method for the treatment of certain types of thoracolumbar spinal fracture. Finite element models were constructed to evaluate the biomechanics of mono-segment transpedicular fixation of thoracolumbar fracture. Spinal motion (T10–L2) was scanned and used to establish the models. The superior half of the cortical bone of T12 was removed and the superior half of the cancellous bone of the T12 body was assigned the material properties of injured bone to mimic vertebral fracture. Transpedicular fixation of T11 and T12 was performed to produce a mono-segment fixation model; T11 an...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - November 18, 2014 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Xu, G., Fu, X., Du, C., Ma, J., Li, Z., Tian, P., Zhang, T., Ma, X. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Analysis of the stent expansion in a stenosed artery using finite element method: Application to stent versus stent study
In this article, finite element method is used to investigate the mechanical behavior of a stent and to determine the biomechanical interaction between the stent and the artery in a stenting procedure. The main objective of this study is to reach to a model close to a real condition of coronary stent placement. Unlike most of the models proposed in the literature, all the steps of the deployment of a stent in the stenotic vessel (i.e. pressure increasing, constant load pressure and pressure decreasing) are simulated in this article to show the behavior of the stent in different stages of implantation. The results indicate ...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - November 18, 2014 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Imani, S. M., Goudarzi, A., Ghasemi, S., Kalani, A., Mahdinejad, J. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Structural analysis of a stented pericardial heart valve with leaflets mounted externally
Our aim was to understand the structural and functional behaviour of a pericardial heart valve with biological leaflets attached externally to a stent. To our knowledge, there is little if any literature concerning these kinds of bioprosthetic heart valves, while there is more concerning bioprosthetic heart valves with leaflets mounted internally. We studied the problem using a finite element approach considering leaflets and stent interaction, the influence of leaflet anisotropy and stent stiffness, by comparing quasi-static and dynamic loadings. Although we considered the problem to be symmetric and fluid–structure...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - November 18, 2014 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Avanzini, A., Battini, D. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Hip joint centre position estimation using a dual unscented Kalman filter for computer-assisted orthopaedic surgery
We present a dual unscented Kalman filter algorithm that allows the estimation of the hip joint centre also using as input the position of a pelvic reference point that can be acquired with a skin marker placed on the hip, without increasing the invasiveness of the surgical procedure. A comparative assessment of the algorithm was carried out using data provided by in vitro experiments mimicking in vivo surgical conditions. Soft tissue artefacts were simulated and superimposed onto the position of a pelvic landmark. Femoral pivoting made of a sequence of star-like quasi-planar movements followed by a circumduction was perfo...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - October 13, 2014 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Beretta, E., De Momi, E., Camomilla, V., Cereatti, A., Cappozzo, A., Ferrigno, G. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Identification and localization of fovea on colour fundus images using blur scales
Identification of retinal landmarks is an important step in the extraction of anomalies in retinal fundus images. In the current study, we propose a technique to identify and localize the position of macula and hence the fovea avascular zone, in colour fundus images. The proposed method, based on varying blur scales in images, is independent of the location of other anatomical landmarks present in the fundus images. Experimental results have been provided using the open database MESSIDOR by validating our segmented regions using the dice coefficient, with ground truth segmentation provided by a human expert. Apart from tes...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - October 13, 2014 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Ganesan, K., Acharya, R. U., Chua, C. K., Laude, A. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research