Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Design of an improved surgical instrument for the removal of bladder tumours
The aim of this work was to design an add-on instrument that could potentially decrease the recurrence of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. The current surgical approach permits spilled tumour cells to disseminate within the bladder, re-implant and cause tumour recurrence. An add-on instrument has been designed in the form of an opening cone intended to provide space for surgery and yet reduce tumour cell spillage and dissemination. A prototype was manufactured using the shape memory metal Nitinol which was activated using an electrical current to facilitate opening and supplemented with latex to provide a sealed environ...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - May 18, 2016 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Barnes, S. C., Shepherd, D. E., Espino, D. M., Bryan, R. T., Viney, R., Patel, P. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Implantable power generation system utilizing muscle contractions excited by electrical stimulation
An implantable power generation system driven by muscle contractions for supplying power to active implantable medical devices, such as pacemakers and neurostimulators, is proposed. In this system, a muscle is intentionally contracted by an electrical stimulation in accordance with the demands of the active implantable medical device for electrical power. The proposed system, which comprises a small electromagnetic induction generator, electrodes with an electrical circuit for stimulation and a transmission device to convert the linear motion of the muscle contractions into rotational motion for the magneto rotor, generate...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - May 18, 2016 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Sahara, G., Hijikata, W., Tomioka, K., Shinshi, T. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

The influence of tibial component malalignment on bone strain in revision total knee replacement
This study aimed to analyse the strain distribution of a fully cemented revision tibial component with a validated finite element model. The model was developed from a scanned composite tibia (Sawbones), with an implanted, fully cemented stemmed tibial component aligned to the mechanical axis of the tibia. Loading was applied to the tibial component with mediolateral compartment load distributions of 60:40 and 80:20. Three strain gauged composite tibias with implanted tibial components of the same design using the same loading distribution were tested to obtain experimental strains at five locations in the proximal tibia. ...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - May 18, 2016 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Rastetter, B. R., Wright, S. J., Gheduzzi, S., Miles, A. W., Clift, S. E. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Musculoskeletal-based finite element analysis of femur after total hip replacement
This article evaluates the effect of stress variation on adult femur following total hip replacement using musculoskeletal-based finite element analysis. The aim was to study the changes in stress distribution in the femur after total hip replacement by providing simulated in vivo loading and boundary conditions. The loading and boundary conditions were generated using a musculoskeletal modelling software ‘AnyBody’ and were applied on femur model, generated from the computed tomography (CT) scan data for standing posture of male patient. The results showed considerable variation in stress distribution pattern i...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - May 18, 2016 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Meena, V. K., Kumar, M., Pundir, A., Singh, S., Goni, V., Kalra, P., Sinha, R. K. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Effect of posterior decompression extent on biomechanical parameters of the spinal cord in cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament
Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament is a common cause of the cervical myelopathy due to compression of the spinal cord. Patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament usually require the decompression surgery, and there is a need to better understand the optimal surgical extent with which sufficient decompression without excessive posterior shifting can be achieved. However, few quantitative studies have clarified this optimal extent for decompression of cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. We used finite element modeling of the cervical spine and spinal cord to i...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - May 18, 2016 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Khuyagbaatar, B., Kim, K., Park, W. M., Kim, Y. H. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Simulation and experiment of soft-tissue deformation in prostate brachytherapy
Soft-tissue deformation is one of the major reasons for the inaccurate positioning of percutaneous needle insertion process. In this article, simulations and experiments of the needle insertion soft-tissue process are both applied to study soft-tissue deformation. A needle deflection model based on the mechanics is used to calculate the needle deflection during the interaction process. The obtained needle deflection data are applied into finite element analysis process as the system input. The uniaxial tensile strength tests, compression tests, and static indentation experiments are used to obtain the soft-tissue parameter...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - May 18, 2016 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Liang, D., Jiang, S., Yang, Z., Wang, X. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Automated multimodal segmentation of an abnormal breast mass in mammogram
This study aimed to develop an automated computer-aided diagnosis system to evaluate the disease with high accuracy using the proposed multimodal segmentation algorithm when compared to an abnormal breast mass region outlined in mammogram by radiologists of American College of Radiology as "standard." In this study, a total number of 150 mammograms were downloaded from the DDSM database for screening mammography. Based on the available diagnostic report, the studied data were classified as follows: (1) Group I: normal (n = 50, mean ± SD age = 55 ± 8 years), (2) Group II: benign breast cancer (n = 50, mean &pl...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - May 18, 2016 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Kirubha, A. S., Rachel, M., Anburajan, M. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Rapid prototyping for patient-specific surgical orthopaedics guides: A systematic literature review
There has been a lot of hype surrounding the advantages to be gained from rapid prototyping processes in a number of fields, including medicine. Our literature review aims objectively to assess how effective patient-specific surgical guides manufactured using rapid prototyping are in a number of orthopaedic surgical applications. To this end, we carried out a systematic review to identify and analyse clinical and experimental literature studies in which rapid prototyping patient-specific surgical guides are used, focusing especially on those that entail quantifiable outcomes and, at the same time, providing details on the ...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - May 18, 2016 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Popescu, D., Laptoiu, D. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Thanks to reviewers
(Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine)
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - May 8, 2016 Category: Biomedical Engineering Tags: Thanks to reviewers Source Type: research

Wear simulation of a polyethylene-on-metal cervical total disc replacement under different concentrations of bovine serum lubricant
Metal-on-polyethylene total disc replacements have been an alternative to spinal fusion in the lumbar spine under certain indications for more than a decade. Recently, cervical total disc replacement has also become an alternative to cervical fusion. Knowledge acquired from years of in vitro simulator studies on other joint replacements has highlighted the risks associated with premature wear due to unforeseen adverse clinical conditions and the effect of particulate debris on surrounding natural tissues. Having no evidence of the type and composition of the lubricating fluid that will result after spinal arthroplasty, a s...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - May 8, 2016 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Hyde, P., Fisher, J., Hall, R. Tags: Special Issue Articles Source Type: research

Engineering of a multi-station shoulder simulator
This work aimed to engineer a multi-station shoulder simulator in order to wear test shoulder prostheses using recognized shoulder activities of daily living. A bespoke simulator was designed, built and subject to commissioning trials before a first wear test was conducted. Five JRI Orthopaedics Reverse Shoulder VAIOS 42 mm prostheses were tested for 2.0 million cycles and a mean wear rate and standard deviation of 14.2 ± 2.1 mm3/106 cycles measured for the polymeric glenoid components. This result when adjusted for prostheses diameters and test conditions showed excellent agreement with results from hip simulator s...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - May 8, 2016 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Smith, S. L., Li, L., Joyce, T. J. Tags: Special Issue Articles Source Type: research

Wear simulation strategies for reverse shoulder arthroplasty implants
Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty is a clinically accepted surgical procedure; however, its long-term wear performance is not known. The purpose of this work is to review wear simulator testing of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty, to develop a wear simulator protocol for reverse total shoulder arthroplasty, and to test it by performing a pilot study. The review of wear simulator testing in the literature revealed considerable variation in protocols. A combination of our own cadaveric testing and those of other research groups helped in determining the magnitude and direction of joint loading for the development of the...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - May 8, 2016 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Langohr, G. D. G., Athwal, G. S., Johnson, J. A., Medley, J. B. Tags: Special Issue Articles Source Type: research

The design and development of a finger joint simulator
This article describes the design and development of a finger simulator at Durham University, UK. It explains and justifies the engineering decisions made and thus the evolution of the finger simulator. In vitro results and their linkage to clinical-type failures are outlined to help to show the effectiveness of the simulator. Failures of finger implants in vivo continue to occur, and the need for appropriate in vitro testing of finger prostheses remains strong. (Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine)
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - May 8, 2016 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Joyce, T. J. Tags: Special Issue Articles Source Type: research

Foot-ankle simulators: A tool to advance biomechanical understanding of a complex anatomical structure
In vitro gait simulations have been available to researchers for more than two decades and have become an invaluable tool for understanding fundamental foot–ankle biomechanics. This has been realised through several incremental technological and methodological developments, such as the actuation of muscle tendons, the increase in controlled degrees of freedom and the use of advanced control schemes. Furthermore, in vitro experimentation enabled performing highly repeatable and controllable simulations of gait during simultaneous measurement of several biomechanical signals (e.g. bone kinematics, intra-articular press...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - May 8, 2016 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Natsakis, T., Burg, J., Dereymaeker, G., Jonkers, I., Vander Sloten, J. Tags: Special Issue Articles Source Type: research

The influence of simulator input conditions on the wear of total knee replacements: An experimental and computational study
This study provides further evidence that in order to study variables such as design and material in total knee replacement, it is important to carefully control knee simulation conditions. This can be more effectively achieved through the use of displacement control simulation. (Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine)
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - May 8, 2016 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Brockett, C. L., Abdelgaied, A., Haythornthwaite, T., Hardaker, C., Fisher, J., Jennings, L. M. Tags: Special Issue Articles Source Type: research