Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

The relationship between maximal hip abductor strength and resultant loading at the knee during walking
The peak external knee adduction moment (KAM) is implicated in progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Recently, hip abductor weakness has also been found in patients with knee OA; however, it remains unknown as to how or if this weakness is a consequence of OA, or a predisposing factor. If it is the latter, a direct relationship between hip strength and KAM magnitude would be expected. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between hip abductor strength and KAM magnitude during walking. In fourteen adults, maximal isometric hip abductor strength was measured, and the KAM was quantified during gait. Ad...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - December 16, 2014 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Lewinson, R. T., Worobets, J. T., Stefanyshyn, D. J. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Automatic and accurate reconstruction of distal humerus contours through B-Spline fitting based on control polygon deformation
The strong advent of computer-assisted technologies experienced by the modern orthopedic surgery prompts for the expansion of computationally efficient techniques to be built on the broad base of computer-aided engineering tools that are readily available. However, one of the common challenges faced during the current developmental phase continues to remain the lack of reliable frameworks to allow a fast and precise conversion of the anatomical information acquired through computer tomography to a format that is acceptable to computer-aided engineering software. To address this, this study proposes an integrated and automa...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - December 16, 2014 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Mostafavi, K., Tutunea-Fatan, O. R., Bordatchev, E. V., Johnson, J. A. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Does cam osteochondroplasty compromise proximal femur strength?
Little is known about the effect on load bearing ability of cam-type femurs following osteochondroplasty. The aim of this study was to compare the change in deformation undergone by cam-type femoral acetabular impingement femur models after resection of different volumes. Dry-bone replicas (N = 10) of two cam-type femurs (cam A and B) underwent resections of increasing volume (Surgery I, II and III) representing conservative, adequate and radical resections. Deformation under cyclic loading of 700 N for five cycles after each surgery was compared. The 360° alpha angle and the change in head to neck ratio at four equidi...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - December 16, 2014 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Nigam, C., Masjedi, M., Houston, J., Marquardt, C., Aqil, A., Cobb, J. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Automated fit quantification of tibial nail designs during the insertion using computer three-dimensional modelling
Intramedullary nailing is the standard fixation method for displaced diaphyseal fractures of the tibia. An optimal nail design should both facilitate insertion and anatomically fit the bone geometry at its final position in order to reduce the risk of stress fractures and malalignments. Due to the nonexistence of suitable commercial software, we developed a software tool for the automated fit assessment of nail designs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that an optimised nail, which fits better at the final position, is also easier to insert. Three-dimensional models of two nail designs and 20 tibiae were used. The fitting was ...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - December 16, 2014 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Amarathunga, J. P., Schuetz, M. A., Yarlagadda, P. K., Schmutz, B. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

In vitro method for assessing the biomechanics of the patellofemoral joint following total knee arthroplasty
This study aimed to evaluate the suitability of a novel knee simulator for investigating patellofemoral joint biomechanics. This simulator specifically facilitated the extended assessment of patellofemoral joint biomechanics under physiological levels of loading. The simulator allowed the knee to move in 6 degrees of freedom under quadriceps actuation and included a simulation of the action of the hamstrings. Prostheses were implanted on synthetic bones and key soft tissues were modelled with a synthetic analogue. In order to evaluate the physiological relevance and repeatability of the simulator, measurements were made of...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - December 16, 2014 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Coles, L., Gheduzzi, S., Miles, A. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

The effect of in situ/in vitro three-dimensional quantitative computed tomography image voxel size on the finite element model of human vertebral cancellous bone
In conclusion, the image voxel size may have to be considered when the finite element voxel modeling technique is used in clinical applications. (Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine)
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - December 10, 2014 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Lu, Y., Engelke, K., Glueer, C.-C., Morlock, M. M., Huber, G. Tags: Technical Note Source Type: research

Computational investigation of the time-dependent contact behaviour of the human tibiofemoral joint under body weight
In this study, the time-dependent contact behaviour of an intact and a meniscectomized human tibiofemoral joint was characterized under body weight using a computational model. Good agreement in the contact area and femoral displacement under static loads were found between model predictions of this study and published experimental measurements. The time-dependent results indicated that as loading time progressed, the contact area and femoral vertical displacement of both intact and meniscectomized joints increased. More load was transferred to the cartilage–cartilage interface over time. However, the portions of loa...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - December 10, 2014 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Meng, Q., Jin, Z., Wilcox, R., Fisher, J. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Accuracy evaluation of a new stereophotogrammetry-based functional method for joint kinematic analysis in biomechanics
This article presents a new functional algorithm for the assessment of knee joint parameters, based on a polycentric hinge model for the knee flexion–extension. The proposed algorithm is discussed, identifying its fields of application and its limits. The techniques for estimating the joint parameters from the metrological point of view are analyzed, so as to lay the groundwork for enhancing and eventually replacing predictive methods, currently used in the laboratories of human movement analysis. This article also presents an assessment of the accuracy associated with the whole process of measurement and joint param...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - December 10, 2014 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Galetto, M., Gastaldi, L., Lisco, G., Mastrogiacomo, L., Pastorelli, S. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Investigations of wear particles and selected cytokines in human osteoarthritic knee joints
This study has found that the size, adhesion and nano-surface roughness of wear particles have medium strong to strong correlations with IL-6 and IL-8. This study provided evidence that the characteristics of wear particles contain valuable information for grading the disease process and the need for further evaluation of the association of properties of wear particles and the inflammatory process. (Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine)
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - December 10, 2014 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Wang, M., Ketheesan, N., Peng, Z. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

A standardized representation of spinal quality of motion
The experimentally determined torque–rotation curve of the lumbar spine is mathematically described with a proposed dual-inflection point Boltzmann equation. The result is a method for describing functional spinal unit motion data. The benefit of the model is that each of the coefficients has a specific meaning in relation to the torque–rotation curve: the points $$A$$ and $$B$$ identify the respective minimum and maximum rotations of the functional spinal unit, $${m}_{1}$$ and $${m...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - December 10, 2014 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Zirbel, S. A., Stolworthy, D. K., Howell, L. L., Bowden, A. E. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Corneal topography matching by iterative registration
Videokeratography is used for the measurement of corneal topography in overlapping portions (or maps) which must later be joined together to form the overall topography of the cornea. The separate portions are measured from different viewpoints and therefore must be brought together by registration of measurement points in the regions of overlap. The central map is generally the most accurate, but all maps are measured with uncertainty that increases towards the periphery. It becomes the reference (or static) map, and the peripheral (or dynamic) maps must then be transformed by rotation and translation so that the overlapp...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - December 10, 2014 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Wang, J., Elsheikh, A., Davey, P. G., Wang, W., Bao, F., Mottershead, J. E. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Biomechanical testing of an innovative fixation procedure to stabilize olecranon osteotomy
For the treatment of distal humerus an approach involving olecranon osteotomy is frequently preferred as it offers a clearer view, especially in cases of complex intraarticular fractures. It is however associated with the high risk of osteotomy-related complications such as nonunion, delayed healing, implant failure and migration of wires. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the stability of different new procedures that stabilize olecranon osteotomy compared with conventional tension band wiring. We hypothesize that the new implants provide equivalent stability as the conventional tension band wiring. To test the...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - December 10, 2014 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Reising, K., Konstantinidis, L., Helwig, P., Wagner, F. C., Sudkamp, N. P., Strohm, P. C. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

A feasibility investigation for modeling and optimization of temperature in bone drilling using fuzzy logic and Taguchi optimization methodology
Drilling of bone is a common procedure in orthopedic surgery to produce hole for screw insertion to fixate the fracture devices and implants. The increase in temperature during such a procedure increases the chances of thermal invasion of bone which can cause thermal osteonecrosis resulting in the increase of healing time or reduction in the stability and strength of the fixation. Therefore, drilling of bone with minimum temperature is a major challenge for orthopedic fracture treatment. This investigation discusses the use of fuzzy logic and Taguchi methodology for predicting and minimizing the temperature produced during...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - December 10, 2014 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Pandey, R. K., Panda, S. S. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

A novel method to assess primary stability of press-fit acetabular cups
Initial stability is an essential prerequisite to achieve osseointegration of press-fit acetabular cups in total hip replacements. Most in vitro methods that assess cup stability do not reproduce physiological loading conditions and use simplified acetabular models with a spherical cavity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of bone density and acetabular geometry on cup stability using a novel method for measuring acetabular cup micromotion. A press-fit cup was inserted into Sawbones® foam blocks having different densities to simulate normal and osteoporotic bone variations and different acetabular geo...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - December 10, 2014 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Crosnier, E. A., Keogh, P. S., Miles, A. W. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Mechanical design, analysis, and laboratory testing of a dental implant with axial flexibility similar to natural tooth with periodontal ligament
At the interface between the jawbone and the roots of natural teeth, a thin, elastic, shock-absorbing tissue, called the periodontal ligament, forms a cushion which provides certain flexibility under mechanical loading. The dental restorations supported by implants, however, involve comparatively rigid connections to the jawbone. This causes overloading of the implant while bearing functional loading together with neighboring natural teeth, which leads to high stresses within the implant system and in the jawbone. A dental implant, with resilient components in the upper structure (abutment) in order to mimic the mechanical...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - December 10, 2014 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Pektaş, O., Tonuk, E. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research