A bug's view of allergic airways disease
The increase in allergic airways disease has been linked to modern urbanization and lifestyle. Recent evidence suggests that the associated reduction in microbial exposure, reduction in dietary fibre intake and increased antibiotic use may cause early dysbiosis in infancy, which predisposes to immune dysregulation and allergic airways disease later in life. This implies that there may be a window of opportunity for primary prevention strategies aimed to protect or restore the microbiome early in life and thereby decrease the risk of developing allergic airways disease. (Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews)
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - February 22, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Peter S Hsu, Dianne E Campbell Source Type: research
Mechanical Ventilation during Acute Brain-Injury in Children
Mechanical ventilation in the brain-injured pediatric patient requires many considerations, including the type and severity of lung and brain injury and how progression of such injury will develop. This review focuses on neurological breathing patterns at presentation, the effect of brain injury on the lung, developmental aspects of blood gas tensions on cerebral blood flow, and strategies used during mechanical ventilation in infants and children receiving neurological intensive care. Taking these basic principles, our clinical approach is informed by balancing the blood gas tension targets that follow from the ventilatio...
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - February 17, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Jordan S Rettig, Elizabeth D Duncan, Robert C Tasker Source Type: research
“Oesophageal Atresia- We need to be seeing ya!”
In recent decades, much has changed in our expectations for the outcomes of children born with oesophageal atresia and tracheo-oesophageal fistula [OA/TOF]. Things moved slowly, following the initial description of OA by Thomas Gibson in 1697 and, nearly 250 years later when the first successful, single-step surgery for OA by Cameron Haight was performed at the University of Michigan Hospital in 1941. This success was a long time coming and followed the work of surgeons Harry Richter in 1913, and subsequently Thomas Lanman, Robert Shaw N. (Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews)
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - February 3, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Dominic A. Fitzgerald, Jonathan Karpelowsky Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
Pathomechanisms of Congenital Cystic Lung Diseases: Focus on Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation and Pleuropulmonary Blastoma
It is well established that a number of birth defects are associated with improper formation of the respiratory tract. Important progress was made in the identification of components of the regulatory networks controlling lung morphogenesis. They comprise a variety of soluble factors, receptors, transcription factors, and miRNAs. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unsolved and fundamental questions, such as those related to lung branching are still unanswered. Congenital cystic lung diseases consist of a heterogeneous group of rare lung diseases mainly detected prenatally and characterized by airway dilata...
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - February 3, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Olivier Boucherat, Lucie Jeannotte, Alice Hadchouel, Christophe Delacourt, Alexandra Benachi Source Type: research
Oesophageal Atresia- We need to be seeing ya!
(Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews)
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - February 3, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Dominic A. Fitzgerald, Jonathan Karpelowsky Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
Pathomechanisms of Congenital Cystic Lung Diseases: Focus on Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation and Pleuropulmonary Blastoma
It is well established that a number of birth defects are associated with improper formation of the respiratory tract. Important progress has been made in the identification of components of the regulatory networks controlling lung morphogenesis. They comprise a variety of soluble factors, receptors, transcription factors, and miRNAs. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unsolved and fundamental questions, such as those related to lung branching are still unanswered. Congenital cystic lung diseases consist of a heterogeneous group of rare lung diseases mainly detected prenatally and characterized by airway d...
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - February 2, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Olivier Boucherat, Lucie Jeannotte, Alice Hadchouel, Christophe Delacourt, Alexandra Benachi Tags: Review Source Type: research
“Oesophageal Atresia- We need to be seeing ya!”
In recent decades, much has changed in our expectations for the outcomes of children born with oesophageal atresia and tracheo-oesophageal fistula [OA/TOF]. Things moved slowly, following the initial description of OA by Thomas Gibson in 1697 and, nearly 250 years later when the first successful, single-step surgery for OA by Cameron Haight was performed at the University of Michigan Hospital in 1941. This success was a long time coming and followed the work of surgeons Harry Richter in 1913, and subsequently Thomas Lanman, Robert Shaw N. (Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews)
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - February 2, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Dominic A. Fitzgerald, Jonathan Karpelowsky Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
Paediatric ventilation – the mini-series
A colleague of mine has long argued that ventilating patients is easy – ‘it's just a matter of pushing the air in and letting it out’ is his usual line. Yet the plethora of different ventilation modalities and the wealth of literature accompanying them suggests that life is a little more complicated. (Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews)
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - February 1, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: R.I. Ross Russell Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
Paediatric ventilation–the mini-series!
(Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews)
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - February 1, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: RI Ross Russell Source Type: research
Paediatric ventilation – the mini-series
A colleague of mine has long argued that ventilating patients is easy – ‘it's just a matter of pushing the air in and letting it out’ is his usual line. Yet the plethora of different ventilation modalities and the wealth of literature accompanying them suggests that life is a little more complicated. (Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews)
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - January 31, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: R.I. Ross Russell Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
Peri-operative management of neonates with oesophageal atresia and tracheo-oesophageal fistula
Oesphageal atresia is a relatively common congenital anomaly that requires urgent diagnosis, transfer to a neonatal surgical centre and management by a multidisciplinary team. Peri-operative management requires vigilant monitoring for the many possible associated morbidities. There are unique anaesthetic, airway and ventilatory considerations for this group of patients. Beyond the perinatal period, systematic neurodevelopmental follow-up is recommended to better understand the longer term outcomes for these children. (Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews)
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - January 29, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Rod W Hunt, Elizabeth J Perkins, Sebastian King Source Type: research
Respiratory manifestations and management in children with Common Variable Immunodeficiency
Common variable immunodeficiency is an antibody deficiency that usually presents in childhood with recurrent sino-pulmonary infections. Diagnostic delay is frequent and thus respiratory morbidity is common, ranging from recurrent suppurative bronchitis to bronchiectasis. Immunoglobulin replacement therapy is the mainstay of treatment, whilst prophylactic antibiotic therapy and muco-ciliary clearance are additional treatment options. This review examines the diagnosis and management of respiratory issues in children with CVID. (Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews)
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - January 4, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Chetan Pandit, Peter Hsu, Peter van Asperen, Sam Mehr Source Type: research
