The evolution of asymmetric photosensitive structures in metazoans and the Nodal connection
Publication date: Available online 3 October 2017 Source:Mechanisms of Development Author(s): Agnès Boutet Asymmetries are observed in a great number of taxa in metazoans. More particularly, functional lateralization and neuroanatomical asymmetries within the central nervous system have been a matter of intense research for at least two hundred years. While asymmetries of some paired structures/organs (e.g. eyes, ears, kidneys, legs, arms) constitute random deviations from a pure bilateral symmetry, brain asymmetries such as those observed in the cortex and epithalamus are directional. This means that molecular and ana...
Source: Mechanisms of Development - October 4, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Patched1 patterns Fibroblast growth factor 10 and Forkhead box F1 expression during pulmonary branch formation
Publication date: Available online 20 September 2017 Source:Mechanisms of Development Author(s): Uda Y. Ho, Brandon J. Wainwright Hedgehog (Hh) signalling, Fibroblast growth factor 10 (Fgf10) and Forkhead box F1 (Foxf1) are each individually important for directing pulmonary branch formation but their interactions are not well understood. Here we demonstrate that Hh signalling is vital in regulating Foxf1 and Fgf10 expression during branching. The Hedgehog receptor Patched1 (Ptch1) was conditionally inactivated in the lung mesenchyme by Dermo1-Cre in vivo or using a recombinant Cre recombinase protein (HNCre) in lung c...
Source: Mechanisms of Development - September 21, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Neural crest and cancer: Divergent travelers on similar paths
Publication date: Available online 6 September 2017 Source:Mechanisms of Development Author(s): Kristin L. Gallik, Randall W. Treffy, Lynne M. Nacke, Kamil Ahsan, Manuel Rocha, Abigail Green-Saxena, Ankur Saxena Neural crest cells are multipotent progenitors that dynamically interpret diverse microenvironments to migrate significant distances as a loosely associated collective and contribute to many tissues in the developing vertebrate embryo. Uncovering details of neural crest migration has helped to inform a general understanding of collective cell migration, including that which occurs during cancer metastasis....
Source: Mechanisms of Development - September 7, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research
The RNF146 E3 ubiquitin ligase is required for the control of Wnt signaling and body pattern formation in Xenopus
In this study, we take advantages of early Xenopus embryos to demonstrate that Rnf146 is essential for embryonic pattern formation. Depletion of zygotic Rnf146 using a translation blocking morpholino oligo (MO) results in anteriorized development and increased expression the anterior marker gene Otx2, consistent the notion that Rnf146 is a positive regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling through negatively regulating Axin1 expression. This notion is further supported by examination of the role of maternal Rnf146 in the context of Spemann organizer formation and dorsal axis development. Depletion of maternal Rnf146 using an a...
Source: Mechanisms of Development - August 12, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Cell adhesion molecules expression pattern indicates that somatic cells arbitrate gonadal sex of differentiating bipotential fetal mouse gonad
Publication date: Available online 28 July 2017 Source:Mechanisms of Development Author(s): Rafal P. Piprek, Michal Kolasa, Dagmara Podkowa, Malgorzata Kloc, Jacek Z. Kubiak Unlike other organ anlagens, the primordial gonad is sexually bipotential in all animals. In mouse, the bipotential gonad differentiates into testis or ovary depending on the genetic sex (XY or XX) of the fetus. During gonad development cells segregate, depending on genetic sex, into distinct compartments: testis cords and interstitium form in XY gonad, and germ cell cysts and stroma in XX gonad. However, our knowledge of mechanisms governing go...
Source: Mechanisms of Development - July 28, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research
EMX2 activates slow myosin heavy chain 2 gene expression in embryonic muscle fibers
We report here the interaction of EMX2 with the slow MyHC2 transcriptional regulatory region in fast/slow embryonic muscle fibers. Promoter activity and electromobility shift assays localized the site of interaction of EMX2 with the slow MyHC2 gene within a defined binding site located between 3336 and 3326bp from the 3′ end of the cloned slow MyHC2 DNA containing the transcriptional regulatory region. Using clonally-derived myoblasts stably committed to the formation of fast/slow muscle fibers, we also report the effect of altered EMX2 gene expression on genome-wide gene expression within these myoblasts. Increased EMX2...
Source: Mechanisms of Development - July 5, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research
New insights from a high-resolution look at gastrulation in the sea urchin, Lytechinus variegatus
Conclusions The major driver of archenteron elongation in the sea urchin, Lytechinus variagatus, is directed movement of Veg2 endoderm cells as a narrowing column along the plane of elongation. The narrowing occurs as cells in the column converge as they migrate, so that the combination of migration and the angular convergence provide the major component of the lengthening. A minor contributor to elongation is oriented cell divisions that contribute to the lengthening but no more than about 15%. (Source: Mechanisms of Development)
Source: Mechanisms of Development - July 4, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Dynamics of the cell division orientation of granule cell precursors during cerebellar development
Publication date: October 2017 Source:Mechanisms of Development, Volume 147 Author(s): Satoshi Miyashita, Toma Adachi, Mariko Yamashita, Takayuki Sota, Mikio Hoshino The cerebellar granule cell (GC) system provides a good model for studying neuronal development. In the external granule layer (EGL), granule cell precursors (GCPs) rapidly and continuously divide to produce numerous GCs as well as GCPs. In some brain regions, the orientation of cell division affects daughter cell fate, thus the direction of GCP division is related to whether it produces a GCP or a GC. Therefore, we tried to characterize the orientation...
Source: Mechanisms of Development - June 20, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Ion channel signaling influences cellular proliferation and phagocyte activity during axolotl tail regeneration
This study provides a preliminary framework for an in-depth investigation of the mechanistic role of ion channels and their potential involvement in regulating cellular proliferation and other processes essential to wound healing, appendage regeneration, and tissue repair. (Source: Mechanisms of Development)
Source: Mechanisms of Development - June 16, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Directing stem cells to kidney: From development to regeneration
Publication date: July 2017 Source:Mechanisms of Development, Volume 145, Supplement Author(s): Melissa H. Little (Source: Mechanisms of Development)
Source: Mechanisms of Development - June 13, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Underground Signaling Networks
Publication date: July 2017 Source:Mechanisms of Development, Volume 145, Supplement Author(s): Philip N. Benfey (Source: Mechanisms of Development)
Source: Mechanisms of Development - June 13, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Acquisition of the turtle shell: Changes in developmental program behind the evolutionary novelty
Publication date: July 2017 Source:Mechanisms of Development, Volume 145, Supplement Author(s): Shigeru Kuratani (Source: Mechanisms of Development)
Source: Mechanisms of Development - June 13, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Evolution of color and motion vision
Publication date: July 2017 Source:Mechanisms of Development, Volume 145, Supplement Author(s): Michael Perry, Fleur Lebhardt, Claude Desplan (Source: Mechanisms of Development)
Source: Mechanisms of Development - June 13, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research
An Alternative Fate of Chordate Genomes Exemplified by The Rapidly Evolving Larvaceans
Publication date: July 2017 Source:Mechanisms of Development, Volume 145, Supplement Author(s): Daniel Chourrout (Source: Mechanisms of Development)
Source: Mechanisms of Development - June 13, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research
The evolution and development of butterfly eyespot patterns
Publication date: July 2017 Source:Mechanisms of Development, Volume 145, Supplement Author(s): Antonia Monteiro, Heidi Connahs, Mainak Das Gupta (Source: Mechanisms of Development)
Source: Mechanisms of Development - June 13, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research
