Tricin enhances osteoblastogenesis through the regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in human mesenchymal stem cells
Publication date: August 2018Source: Mechanisms of Development, Volume 152Author(s): Hao Zhang, Hongqiang LiAbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells that are capable of differentiate into multilineage cell types including bone in vitro and in vivo. Aim of the study: They have been widely developed as a therapeutic approach for bone tissue repair and regeneration. However, the efficiency of lineage specific differentiation still needs improvement. We investigated the effect of Tricin on the proliferation of human adult MSCs by alamar blue assay, the mineralization of MSCs by staining of calcium de...
Source: Mechanisms of Development - July 6, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Mechanisms of stress-related muscle atrophy in fish: An ex vivo approach
Publication date: Available online 5 July 2018 Source:Mechanisms of Development Author(s): Julia Torres-Velarde, Raúl Llera-Herrera, Teresa García-Gasca, Alejandra García-GascaGraphical abstract (Source: Mechanisms of Development)
Source: Mechanisms of Development - July 5, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Tricin enhances osteoblastogenesis through the regulation of Wnt/ β-catenin signaling in human mesenchymal stem cells
Publication date: Available online 2 July 2018 Source:Mechanisms of Development Author(s): Hao Zhang, Hongqiang Li Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells that are capable of differentiate into multilineage cell types including bone in vitro and in vivo. Aim of the study: They have been widely developed as a therapeutic approach for bone tissue repair and regeneration. However, the efficiency of lineage specific differentiation still needs improvement. We investigated the effect of Tricin on the proliferation of human adult MSCs by alamar blue assay, the mineralization of MSCs by staining of calcium...
Source: Mechanisms of Development - July 3, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Bone regeneration after traumatic skull injury in Xenopus tropicalis
Publication date: Available online 2 July 2018 Source:Mechanisms of Development Author(s): David Muñoz, Héctor Castillo, Juan Pablo Henríquez, Sylvain Marcellini The main purpose of regenerative biology is to improve human health by exploiting cellular and molecular mechanisms favoring tissue repair. In recent years, non-mammalian vertebrates have emerged as powerful model organisms to tackle the problem of tissue regeneration. Here, we analyze the process of bone repair in metamorphosing Xenopus tropicalis tadpoles subjected to traumatic skull injury. Five days after skull perforation, a dense and highly vascular...
Source: Mechanisms of Development - July 3, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
γ-Tubulin small complex formation is essential for early zebrafish embryogenesis
Publication date: Available online 3 July 2018 Source:Mechanisms of Development Author(s): Luis Pouchucq, Cristian A. Undurraga, Ricardo Fuentes, Mauricio Cornejo, Miguel L. Allende, Octavio Monasterio The centrosomal protein γ-tubulin is part of the cytoplasmic γ-tubulin small (γ-TuSCs) and large complexes (γ-TuRCs). Both, molecular and cellular evidence indicate that γ-tubulin plays a central role in microtubule nucleation and mitotic spindle formation. However, the molecular mechanisms of complex formation and subsequent biological roles in animal development remain unclear. Here, we used γ-tubulin gene kn...
Source: Mechanisms of Development - July 3, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Notch signaling in the division of germ layers in bilaterian embryos
Publication date: Available online 22 June 2018 Source:Mechanisms of Development Author(s): María Belén Favarolo, Silvia L. López Bilaterian embryos are triploblastic organisms which develop three complete germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm). While the ectoderm develops mainly from the animal hemisphere, there is diversity in the location from where the endoderm and the mesoderm arise in relation to the animal-vegetal axis, ranging from endoderm being specified between the ectoderm and mesoderm in echinoderms, and the mesoderm being specified between the ectoderm and the endoderm in vertebrates. A common ...
Source: Mechanisms of Development - June 23, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Superoxide dismutase 1 expression is modulated by the core pluripotency transcription factors Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog in embryonic stem cells
Publication date: Available online 19 June 2018 Source:Mechanisms of Development Author(s): Claudia Solari, María Victoria Petrone, Camila Vázquez Echegaray, María Soledad Cosentino, Ariel Waisman, Marcos Francia, Lino Barañao, Santiago Miriuka, Alejandra Guberman Redox homeostasis is vital for cellular functions and to prevent the detrimental consequences of oxidative stress. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have an enhanced antioxidant system which supports the preservation of their genome. Besides, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are proposed to be involved in both self-renewal maintenance and in differentiati...
Source: Mechanisms of Development - June 20, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Anisotropy of cell division and epithelial sheet bending via apical constriction shape the complex folding pattern of beetle horn primordia
Publication date: Available online 18 June 2018 Source:Mechanisms of Development Author(s): Haruhiko Adachi, Keisuke Matsuda, Teruyuki Niimi, Yasuhiro Inoue, Shigeru Kondo, Hiroki Gotoh Insects can dramatically change their outer morphology at molting. To prepare for this drastic transformation, insects generate new external organs as folded primordia under the old cuticle. At molting, these folded primordia are physically extended to form their final outer shape in a very short time. Beetle horns are a typical example. Horn primordia are derived from a flat head epithelial sheet, on which deep furrows are densely ...
Source: Mechanisms of Development - June 19, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
A role for Lin-28 in growth and metamorphosis in Drosophila melanogaster
Publication date: Available online 14 June 2018 Source:Mechanisms of Development Author(s): Sergio González-Itier, Esteban G. Contreras, Juan Larraín, Álvaro Glavic, Fernando Faunes Insect metamorphosis has been a classic model to understand the role of hormones in growth and timing of developmental transitions. In addition to hormones, transitions in some species are regulated by genetic programs, such as the heterochronic gene network discovered in C. elegans. However, the functional link between hormones and heterochronic genes is not clear. The heterochronic gene lin-28 is involved in the maintenance of stem ...
Source: Mechanisms of Development - June 14, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Fos metamorphoses: Lessons from mutants in model organisms
Publication date: Available online 5 June 2018 Source:Mechanisms of Development Author(s): Carlos Alfonso-Gonzalez, Juan Rafael Riesgo-Escovar The Fos oncogene gene family is evolutionarily conserved throughout Eukarya. Fos proteins characteristically have a leucine zipper and a basic region with a helix-turn-helix motif that binds DNA. In vertebrates, there are several Fos homologs. They can homo- or hetero-dimerize via the leucine zipper domain. Fos homologs coupled with other transcription factors, like Jun oncoproteins, constitute the Activator Protein 1 (AP-1) complex. From its original inception as an oncogene, t...
Source: Mechanisms of Development - June 5, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Functional roles of the Ripply-mediated suppression of segmentation gene expression at the anterior presomitic mesoderm in zebrafish
In this study, we generated ripply1 mutants and examined genetic interaction between ripply1/2 and tbx6. Zebrafish ripply1 −/− embryos failed to form the somite boundaries as was observed in knockdown embryos. We found that somite segmentation defects in ripply1 mutants were suppressed by heterozygous mutation of tbx6 or partial translational inhibition of tbx6 by antisense morpholino. We further showed that somite boundaries that were recovered in tbx6 +/−; ripply1 −/− embryos were dependent on the function of ripply2, indicating that relative gene dosage between ripply1/2 and tbx6 plays a critical role in the s...
Source: Mechanisms of Development - June 4, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
MicroRNAs and the neural crest: From induction to differentiation
Publication date: Available online 31 May 2018 Source:Mechanisms of Development Author(s): Andrea M.J. Weiner MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that can control gene expression by base pairing to partially complementary mRNAs. Regulation by microRNAs plays essential roles in diverse biological processes such as neural crest formation during embryonic development. The neural crest is a multipotent cell population that develops from the dorsal neural fold of vertebrate embryos in order to migrate extensively and differentiate into a variety of tissues. Gene regulatory networks that coordinate neural crest cell specificat...
Source: Mechanisms of Development - May 31, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
The neuromuscular junction of Xenopus tadpoles: Revisiting a classical model of early synaptogenesis and regeneration
Publication date: Available online 26 May 2018 Source:Mechanisms of Development Author(s): Francisca Bermedo-García, Jorge Ojeda, Emilio E. Méndez-Olivos, Sylvain Marcellini, Juan Larraín, Juan Pablo Henríquez The frog neuromuscular junction (NMJ) has been extensively used as a model system to dissect the mechanisms involved in synapse formation, maturation, maintenance, regeneration, and function. Early NMJ synaptogenesis relies on a combination of cell-autonomous and interdependent pre/postsynaptic communication processes. Due to their transparency, comparatively easy manipulation, and remarkable regenerative...
Source: Mechanisms of Development - May 27, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Regulation and function of p53: A perspective from Drosophila studies
Publication date: Available online 23 May 2018 Source:Mechanisms of Development Author(s): María Clara Ingaramo, Juan A. Sánchez, Andrés Dekanty Tp53 is a central regulator of cellular responses to stress and one of the most frequently mutated genes in human cancers. P53 is activated by a myriad of stress signals and drives specific cellular responses depending on stress nature, cell type and cellular context. Additionally to its classical functions in regulating cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and senescence, newly described non-canonical functions of p53 are increasingly coming under the spotlight as important funct...
Source: Mechanisms of Development - May 24, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
G-quadruplex in animal development: Contribution to gene expression and genomic heterogeneity
Publication date: Available online 18 May 2018 Source:Mechanisms of Development Author(s): Pablo Armas, Nora Beatriz Calcaterra During animal development, gene expression is orchestrated by specific and highly evolutionarily conserved mechanisms that take place accurately, both at spatial and temporal levels. The last decades have provided compelling evidence showing that chromatin state plays essential roles in orchestrating most of the stages of development. The DNA molecule can adopt alternative structures different from the helical duplex architecture. G-rich DNA sequences can fold as intrastrand quadruple helix st...
Source: Mechanisms of Development - May 19, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
