Coordinate regulation of retinoic acid synthesis by pbx genes and fibroblast growth factor signaling by hoxb1b is required for hindbrain patterning and development
Publication date: April 2018 Source:Mechanisms of Development, Volume 150 Author(s): Lyndsay G. Selland, Sophie Koch, Malcolm Laraque, Andrew J. Waskiewicz The vertebrate hindbrain is composed of a series of lineage-restricted segments termed rhombomeres. Segment-specific gene expression drives unique programs of neuronal differentiation. Two critical embryonic signaling pathways, Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) and Retinoic Acid (RA), regulate early embryonic rhombomere patterning. The earliest expressed hox genes, hoxb1b and hoxb1a in zebrafish, are logical candidates for establishing signaling networks that specify...
Source: Mechanisms of Development - March 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Genes and microRNAs associated with mouse cleft palate: A systematic review and bioinformatics analysis
Publication date: April 2018 Source:Mechanisms of Development, Volume 150 Author(s): Akiko Suzuki, Nada Abdallah, Mona Gajera, Goo Jun, Peilin Jia, Zhongming Zhao, Junichi Iwata Cleft palate (CP) is the most prevalent craniofacial deformity, with ethnic and geographic variation in prevalence in humans. Mice have been used as an animal model to study the cause(s) of CP by several approaches, including genetic and chemical-induced approaches. Mouse genetic approaches revealed that significant amounts of genes are involved in the CP pathology. The aim of this study was to identify common features of CP-associated gen...
Source: Mechanisms of Development - March 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
CRISPR/CAS9 ablation of individual miRNAs from a miRNA family reveals their individual efficacies for regulating cardiac differentiation
Publication date: April 2018 Source:Mechanisms of Development, Volume 150 Author(s): Ziyao Zhang, Rebecca Ursin, Samiksha Mahapatra, G. Ian Gallicano Although it is well understood that genetic mutations, chromosomal abnormalities, and epigenetic miscues can cause congenital birth defects, many defects are still labeled idiopathic, meaning their origin is not yet understood. microRNAs are quickly entering the causal fray of developmental defects. miRNAs use a 7–8 base-pair seed sequence to target a corresponding sequence on one or multiple mRNAs resulting in rapid down-regulation of translation. miRNAs can also con...
Source: Mechanisms of Development - March 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Protein expression pattern and analysis of differentially expressed peptides during various stages of tail regeneration in Hemidactylus flaviviridis
Publication date: April 2018 Source:Mechanisms of Development, Volume 150 Author(s): Hiral Murawala, Isha Ranadive, Sonam Patel, Isha Desai, Suresh Balakrishnan Epimorphic regeneration is a process allowing the animal to regain its lost structure which depends on the resident pluripotent stem cells as well as de-differentiation of existing cells to form multi-potent stem cells. Many studies have been done to understand the appendage regeneration mechanism. The animal model used since decades is an urodele amphibian the axolotl. However, this ability is also seen in some members of reptiles, mainly lizards which on a...
Source: Mechanisms of Development - March 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
The extraordinary biology and development of marsupial frogs (Hemiphractidae) in comparison with fish, mammals, birds, amphibians and other animals
Publication date: Available online 3 January 2018 Source:Mechanisms of Development Author(s): Eugenia M. del Pino The study of oogenesis and early development of frogs belonging to the family Hemiphractidae provide important comparison to the aquatic development of other frogs, such as Xenopus laevis, because reproduction on land characterizes the Hemiphractidae. In this review, the multinucleated oogenesis of the marsupial frog Flectonotus pygmaeus (Hemiphractidae) is analyzed and interpreted. In addition, the adaptations associated with the incubation of embryos in the pouch of the female marsupial frog Gastrotheca ri...
Source: Mechanisms of Development - January 4, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Resolving in vivo gene expression during collective cell migration using an integrated RNAscope, immunohistochemistry and tissue clearing method
Publication date: December 2017 Source:Mechanisms of Development, Volume 148 Author(s): Jason A. Morrison, Mary Cathleen McKinney, Paul M. Kulesa During collective cell migration individual cells display diverse behaviors that complicate our understanding of group cell decisions of direction and cohesion. In vivo gene and protein expression analyses would shed light on the underlying molecular choreography. However, this information has been limited due to difficulties to integrate single cell detection methods and the simultaneous readout of multiple signals deep within the embryo. Here, we optimize and integrate mul...
Source: Mechanisms of Development - December 16, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Cadherins function during the collective cell migration of Xenopus Cranial Neural Crest cells: revisiting the role of E-cadherin
Publication date: December 2017 Source:Mechanisms of Development, Volume 148 Author(s): Hélène Cousin Collective cell migration is a process whereby cells move while keeping contact with other cells. The Xenopus Cranial Neural Crest (CNC) is a population of cells that emerge during early embryogenesis and undergo extensive migration from the dorsal to ventral part of the embryo's head. These cells migrate collectively and require cadherin mediated cell-cell contact. In this review, we will describe the key features of Xenopus CNC migration including the key molecules driving their migration. We will also review the ro...
Source: Mechanisms of Development - December 16, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research
A framework for understanding morphogenesis and migration of the zebrafish posterior Lateral Line primordium
Publication date: December 2017 Source:Mechanisms of Development, Volume 148 Author(s): Damian Dalle Nogare, Ajay B. Chitnis A description of zebrafish posterior Lateral Line (pLL) primordium development at single cell resolution together with the dynamics of Wnt, FGF, Notch and chemokine signaling in this system has allowed us to develop a framework to understand the self-organization of cell fate, morphogenesis and migration during its early development. The pLL primordium migrates under the skin, from near the ear to the tip of the tail, periodically depositing neuromasts. Nascent neuromasts, or protoneuromasts, for...
Source: Mechanisms of Development - December 16, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research
A hormonal cue promotes timely follicle cell migration by modulating transcription profiles
Publication date: December 2017 Source:Mechanisms of Development, Volume 148 Author(s): Lathiena Manning, Jinal Sheth, Stacey Bridges, Afsoon Saadin, Kamsi Odinammadu, Deborah Andrew, Susan Spencer, Denise Montell, Michelle Starz-Gaiano Cell migration is essential during animal development. In the Drosophila ovary, the steroid hormone ecdysone coordinates nutrient sensing, growth, and the timing of morphogenesis events including border cell migration. To identify downstream effectors of ecdysone signaling, we profiled gene expression in wild-type follicle cells compared to cells expressing a dominant negative Ec...
Source: Mechanisms of Development - December 16, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Comparative analysis of gene expression profiles for several migrating cell types identifies cell migration regulators
This study also suggests that modification of the extracellular milieu may be a fundamental requirement for cells that undergo cell streaming migratory behaviors. (Source: Mechanisms of Development)
Source: Mechanisms of Development - December 16, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research
The repertoire of epithelial morphogenesis on display: Progressive elaboration of Drosophila egg structure
Publication date: December 2017 Source:Mechanisms of Development, Volume 148 Author(s): Juan Carlos Duhart, Travis T. Parsons, Laurel A. Raftery Epithelial structures are foundational for tissue organization in all metazoans. Sheets of epithelial cells form lateral adhesive junctions and acquire apico-basal polarity perpendicular to the surface of the sheet. Genetic analyses in the insect model, Drosophila melanogaster, have greatly advanced our understanding of how epithelial organization is established, and how it is modulated during tissue morphogenesis. Major insights into collective cell migrations have come from...
Source: Mechanisms of Development - December 16, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Regulating distal tip cell migration in space and time
Publication date: December 2017 Source:Mechanisms of Development, Volume 148 Author(s): Alyssa D. Cecchetelli, Erin J. Cram Gonad morphogenesis in the nematode C. elegans is guided by two leader cells, the distal tip cells (DTC). The DTCs migrate along a stereotyped path, executing two 90° turns before stopping at the midpoint of the animal. This migratory path determines the double-U shape of the adult gonad, therefore, the path taken by the DTCs can be inferred from the final shape of the organ. In this review, we focus on the mechanism by which the DTC executes the first 90° turn from the ventral to dorsal side of...
Source: Mechanisms of Development - December 16, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Valproic acid disrupts the biomechanics of late spinal neural tube closure in mouse embryos
Publication date: February 2018 Source:Mechanisms of Development, Volume 149 Author(s): Amy Hughes, Nicholas D.E. Greene, Andrew J. Copp, Gabriel L. Galea Failure of neural tube closure in the early embryo causes neural tube defects including spina bifida. Spina bifida lesions predominate in the distal spine, particularly after exposure to the anticonvulsant valproic acid (VPA). How VPA specifically disturbs late stages of neural tube closure is unclear, as neurulation is usually viewed as a uniform ‘zippering’ process along the spine. We recently identified a novel closure site (“Closure 5”) which forms at t...
Source: Mechanisms of Development - December 16, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Transcriptional profiling validates involvement of extracellular matrix and proteinases genes in mouse gonad development
Publication date: February 2018 Source:Mechanisms of Development, Volume 149 Author(s): Rafal P. Piprek, Michal Kolasa, Dagmara Podkowa, Malgorzata Kloc, Jacek Z. Kubiak Extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important scaffolding role in the establishment of organs structure during development. A great number of ECM components and enzymes (proteinases) regulating formation/degradation of ECM during organ remodeling have been identified. In order to study the role of ECM in the mouse gonad development, especially during sexual differentiation of the gonads when the structure of the testis and ovary becomes established,...
Source: Mechanisms of Development - November 18, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research
The retromer subunit Vps26 mediates Notch signaling during Drosophila oogenesis
Publication date: Available online 12 October 2017 Source:Mechanisms of Development Author(s): Rebecca Starble, Nancy J. Pokrywka During endocytosis, molecules are internalized by the cell through the invagination of the plasma membrane. Endocytosis is required for proper cell function and for normal development in Drosophila. One component of the endocytic pathway is the retromer complex, which recycles transmembrane proteins to other parts of the cell such as the plasma membrane and the trans-Golgi network. Previous studies have shown that mutations to the retromer complex result in developmental defects in Drosophil...
Source: Mechanisms of Development - October 12, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research
