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Injectable scaffolds: Preparation and application in dental and craniofacial regeneration
This article provides a comprehensive review of the injectable scaffolds currently being investigated for dental and craniofacial tissue regeneration. First, we provide an overview of injectable scaffolding materials, including natural, synthetic, and composite biomaterials. Next, we discuss a variety of characteristic parameters and gelation mechanisms of the injectable scaffolds. The advanced injectable scaffolding systems developed in recent years are then illustrated. Furthermore, we summarize the applications of the injectable scaffolds for the regeneration of dental and craniofacial tissues that include pulp, dentin,...
Source: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports - December 11, 2016 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research

Transmission Kikuchi diffraction in a scanning electron microscope: A review
Publication date: December 2016 Source:Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, Volume 110 Author(s): Glenn C. Sneddon, Patrick W. Trimby, Julie M. Cairney Transmission Kikuchi diffraction (TKD), also known as transmission electron backscatter diffraction (t-EBSD), has received significant interest for the characterisation of nanocrystalline materials and nanostructures. In this paper, we will review the development of TKD, including forescatter detector imaging and ongoing parameter optimisation, as well as some of the current applications of the technique. A comparison to other microanalysis techniques is also...
Source: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports - November 30, 2016 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research

Nanostructured transparent conductive films: Fabrication, characterization and applications
This article provides the state-of-the-art reviews on the synthesis, optoelectronic properties, applications and challenges of these nanostructured materials for fabricating TCFs. (Source: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports)
Source: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports - November 22, 2016 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research

Clathrate thermoelectrics
Publication date: October 2016 Source:Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, Volume 108 Author(s): Juli-Anna Dolyniuk, Bryan Owens-Baird, Jian Wang, Julia V. Zaikina, Kirill Kovnir Clathrates represent a fascinating class of inorganic materials with a unique structural motif: 3D framework with large polyhedral cages encapsulating guest ions. Weak electrostatic interactions between the guest atoms and host clathrate framework as well as inability of guest atoms to leave cages define the exceptional properties of the clathrates. Clathrates crystallize in a dozen of different structure types, and clathrates’ ...
Source: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports - October 9, 2016 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research

Spherical nanoindentation stress –strain curves
Publication date: May 2015 Source:Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, Volume 91 Author(s): Siddhartha Pathak, Surya R. Kalidindi Although indentation experiments have long been used to measure the hardness and Young's modulus, the utility of this technique in analyzing the complete elastic–plastic response of materials under contact loading has only been realized in the past few years – mostly due to recent advances in testing equipment and analysis protocols. This paper provides a timely review of the recent progress made in this respect in extracting meaningful indentation stress–strain curves fr...
Source: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports - July 20, 2016 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research

Porous and high surface area silicon oxycarbide-based materials —A review
Publication date: November 2015 Source:Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, Volume 97 Author(s): Kathy Lu Silicon oxycarbide (SiOC)-based materials are a class of polymer-derived ceramics that enables the formation of a homogeneous structure at the molecular level starting from polymer precursors. In this system, oxygen and carbon atoms share bonds with silicon atoms in the amorphous network structure while elemental carbon, and possibly nanosized SiO2 and SiC nanodomains may co-exist. Because of the flexibility of molecular level composition and microstructure designs, the systems can be made porous with h...
Source: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports - July 20, 2016 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research

Recent advances in white organic light-emitting diodes
Publication date: September 2016 Source:Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, Volume 107 Author(s): Zhongbin Wu, Dongge Ma White organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) are emerging as the most promising technology for the next-generation display and solid-state lighting applications owing to their merits of being high-efficiency, low-cost, easy-flexibility, and environment-friendly. In this review, we will discuss the fundamental working principles, the basics of exciton manipulation concepts, the architecture designs within the emissive region, the approaches to relieve the efficiency roll-off at high lum...
Source: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports - July 3, 2016 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research

Epitaxial exchange-bias systems: From fundamentals to future spin-orbitronics
Publication date: July 2016 Source:Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, Volume 105 Author(s): Wei Zhang, Kannan M. Krishnan Exchange bias has been investigated for more than half a century and several insightful reviews, published around the year 2000, have already summarized many key experimental and theoretical aspects related to this phenomenon. Since then, due to developments in thin-film fabrication and sophisticated characterization methods, exchange bias continues to show substantial advances; in particular, recent studies on epitaxial systems, which is the focus of this review, allow many long-sta...
Source: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports - May 28, 2016 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research

Porous polymer derived ceramics
Publication date: August 2016 Source:Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, Volume 106 Author(s): Cekdar Vakifahmetoglu, Damla Zeydanli, Paolo Colombo Porous ceramics, in particular cellular ceramics with open and closed porosity, are key enabling components in different demanding applications because of their favorable set of properties. The production of porous ceramics from preceramic polymers offers advantages in terms of simple processing methodology, low processing cost, and ease of control over porosity and other properties arising from the composition of the resultant ceramics. Therefore, a vast a...
Source: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports - May 28, 2016 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research

Microneedle arrays as transdermal and intradermal drug delivery systems: Materials science, manufacture and commercial development
Publication date: June 2016 Source:Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, Volume 104 Author(s): Eneko Larrañeta, Rebecca E.M. Lutton, A. David Woolfson, Ryan F. Donnelly Transdermal drug delivery offers a number of advantages for the patient, due not only its non-invasive and convenient nature, but also factors such as avoidance of first pass metabolism and prevention of gastrointestinal degradation. It has been demonstrated that microneedle arrays can increase the number of compounds amenable to transdermal delivery by penetrating the skin's protective barrier, the stratum corneum, and creating a path...
Source: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports - April 13, 2016 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research

Welcome to three new Editors
Publication date: March 2016 Source:Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, Volume 101 Author(s): Rumen Duhlev (Source: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports)
Source: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports - March 7, 2016 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research

Low temperature additive manufacturing of three dimensional scaffolds for bone-tissue engineering applications: Processing related challenges and property assessment
Publication date: May 2016 Source:Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, Volume 103 Author(s): Alok Kumar, Sourav Mandal, Srimanta Barui, Ramakrishna Vasireddi, Uwe Gbureck, Michael Gelinsky, Bikramjit Basu In the last two decades, additive manufacturing (AM) has made significant progress towards the fabrication of biomaterials and tissue engineering constructs. One direction of research is focused on the development of mechanically stable implants with patient-specific size/shape and another direction has been to fabricate tissue-engineered scaffolds with designed porous architecture to facilitat...
Source: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports - March 5, 2016 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research

Thin-film semiconductor perspective of organometal trihalide perovskite materials for high-efficiency solar cells
Publication date: March 2016 Source:Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, Volume 101 Author(s): Zhengguo Xiao, Yongbo Yuan, Qi Wang, Yuchuan Shao, Yang Bai, Yehao Deng, Qingfeng Dong, Miao Hu, Cheng Bi, Jinsong Huang Organometal trihalide perovskites (OTPs) are arising as a new generation of low-cost active materials for solar cells with efficiency rocketing from 3.5% to over 20% within only five years. From “dye” in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) to “hole conductors” and “electron conductors” in mesoscopic heterojunction solar cells, there has been a dramatic conceptual evo...
Source: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports - February 9, 2016 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research

Graphene-based materials with tailored nanostructures for energy conversion and storage
Publication date: April 2016 Source:Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, Volume 102 Author(s): Yingkui Yang, Cuiping Han, Beibei Jiang, James Iocozzia, Chengen He, Dean Shi, Tao Jiang, Zhiqun Lin Intensive interest in graphene has centered on its unique 2D crystal lattice and remarkable properties that offer unique opportunities to address ever-increasing global energy demands. The past years have witnessed considerable advances in the fabrication of graphene-based materials and significant breakthroughs in advanced energy applications. In this Review, two methodologies for graphene production...
Source: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports - February 9, 2016 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research

Metallic glass matrix composites
Publication date: February 2016 Source:Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, Volume 100 Author(s): Junwei Qiao, Haoling Jia, Peter K. Liaw The mechanical properties of ex-situ and in-situ metallic glass matrix composites (MGMCs) have proven to be both scientifically unique and of potentially important for practical applications. However, the underlying deformation mechanisms remain to be studied. In this article, we review the development, fabrication, microstructures, and properties of MGMCs, including the room-temperature, cryogenic-temperature, and high-temperature mechanical properties upon quasi-sta...
Source: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports - January 14, 2016 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research