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Design of fluorescent blue light-emitting materials based on analyses of chemical structures and their effects
This article summarizes the chemical structures and efficiency characteristics of selected 126 blue fluorescent materials. Systematic studies based on chemical structure and increased efficiency effects are necessary to develop highly efficient deep-blue fluorescent materials, and such studies on blue fluorescent materials are expected to become more prevalent in the fields of TV and lighting, as well as future flexible displays. Also, a systematic classification and understanding of the materials that have already been reported will aid the development and study of new light-emitting materials through quantitative and qua...
Source: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports - December 8, 2015 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research

A comprehensive review of Li4Ti5O12-based electrodes for lithium-ion batteries: The latest advancements and future perspectives
Publication date: December 2015 Source:Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, Volume 98 Author(s): Bote Zhao, Ran Ran, Meilin Liu, Zongping Shao Advanced electrical energy storage technology is a game changer for a clean, sustainable, and secure energy future because efficient utilization of newable energy hinges on cost-effect and efficient energy storage. Further, the viability of many emerging technologies depends on breakthroughs in energy storage technologies, including electric vehicles (EVs) or hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and smart grids. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), a great success in the p...
Source: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports - December 1, 2015 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research

Porous and high surface area silicon oxycarbide-based materials—A review
Publication date: November 2015 Source:Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, Volume 97 Author(s): Kathy Lu Silicon oxycarbide (SiOC)-based materials are a class of polymer-derived ceramics that enables the formation of a homogeneous structure at the molecular level starting from polymer precursors. In this system, oxygen and carbon atoms share bonds with silicon atoms in the amorphous network structure while elemental carbon, and possibly nanosized SiO2 and SiC nanodomains may co-exist. Because of the flexibility of molecular level composition and microstructure designs, the systems can be made porous with h...
Source: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports - October 22, 2015 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research

Thermoelectric power factor: Enhancement mechanisms and strategies for higher performance thermoelectric materials
This article discusses the ideas and strategies proposed and developed in order to improve the thermoelectric power factor and thus hopefully move us closer to the target of a ZT >2! (Source: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports)
Source: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports - September 27, 2015 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research

Charge transfer and storage in nanostructures
Publication date: October 2015 Source:Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, Volume 96 Author(s): P.R. Bandaru, H. Yamada, R. Narayanan, M. Hoefer Efficient storage and conversion of electrical charge in materials, to a voltage and current, provides the basis for batteries and capacitors. Given the widespread usage of portable electronics there is a continual need to further enhance the energy and power density of such devices, which could be accomplished through the use of nanostructured materials. The large surface area to volume ratio and the possibilities of new materials physics and chemistry provi...
Source: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports - August 9, 2015 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research

Friction, wear and mechanical behavior of nano-objects on the nanoscale
Publication date: September 2015 Source:Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, Volume 95 Author(s): Dave Maharaj, Bharat Bhushan Nano-objects are used in various applications where they come into sliding contact with each other and the surfaces where they are used. This can lead to nano-object deformation. Some examples of these applications include drug delivery for cancer treatment, oil detection, contaminant removal, catalysis, and tribology on the macro- to nanoscale. Fundamental understandings of friction and wear of nano-objects, mechanical properties, and deformation mechanisms have been gained throu...
Source: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports - July 27, 2015 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research

Deep traps in GaN-based structures as affecting the performance of GaN devices
Publication date: August 2015 Source:Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, Volume 94 Author(s): Alexander Y. Polyakov , In-Hwan Lee New developments in theoretical studies of defects and impurities in III-Nitrides as pertinent to compensation and recombination in these materials are discussed. New results on experimental studies on defect states of Si, O, Mg, C, Fe in GaN, InGaN, and AlGaN are surveyed. Deep electron and hole traps data reported for GaN and AlGaN are critically assessed. The role of deep defects in trapping in AlGaN/GaN, InAlN/GaN structures and transistors and in degradation of transistor p...
Source: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports - May 27, 2015 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research

Stimulus-responsive hydrogels: Theory, modern advances, and applications
Publication date: July 2015 Source:Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, Volume 93 Author(s): Michael C. Koetting , Jonathan T. Peters , Stephanie D. Steichen , Nicholas A. Peppas Over the past century, hydrogels have emerged as effective materials for an immense variety of applications. The unique network structure of hydrogels enables very high levels of hydrophilicity and biocompatibility, while at the same time exhibiting the soft physical properties associated with living tissue, making them ideal biomaterials. Stimulus-responsive hydrogels have been especially impactful, allowing for unprecedented le...
Source: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports - May 16, 2015 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research

Overview of the current issues in austenite to ferrite transformation and the role of migrating interfaces therein for low alloyed steels
Publication date: June 2015 Source:Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, Volume 92 Author(s): M. Gouné , F. Danoix , J. Ågren , Y. Bréchet , C.R. Hutchinson , M. Militzer , G. Purdy , S. van der Zwaag , H. Zurob Solid state phase transformations in metals, and more precisely the science of transformation interfaces, is a key point to understand the formation of nano/microstructure, and thus, as a result, many physical properties such as mechanical properties, conductivity, thermoelectric and magnetic properties of materials. Steels are by far the most widely used metallic alloys, and a deep underst...
Source: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports - April 16, 2015 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research

Spherical nanoindentation stress–strain curves
Publication date: May 2015 Source:Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, Volume 91 Author(s): Siddhartha Pathak , Surya R. Kalidindi Although indentation experiments have long been used to measure the hardness and Young's modulus, the utility of this technique in analyzing the complete elastic–plastic response of materials under contact loading has only been realized in the past few years – mostly due to recent advances in testing equipment and analysis protocols. This paper provides a timely review of the recent progress made in this respect in extracting meaningful indentation stress–strain curves fro...
Source: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports - March 24, 2015 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research

Lanthanum chromite based perovskites for oxygen transport membrane
Publication date: April 2015 Source:Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, Volume 90 Author(s): Sapna Gupta , Manoj K. Mahapatra , Prabhakar Singh Judicious selection of mixed ionic–electronic conducting (MIEC) perovskite oxide as oxygen transport membrane (OTM) offers the potential to enhance overall process economics and systems performance for a wide variety of industrial applications ranging from clean and efficient energy conversion (oxy-combustion) to selective gas separation (high purity oxygen production) and value added chemicals (syngas and liquid fuel) production with near-zero greenhouse gas em...
Source: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports - February 25, 2015 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research

Losses in ferroelectric materials
Publication date: March 2015 Source:Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, Volume 89 Author(s): Gang Liu , Shujun Zhang , Wenhua Jiang , Wenwu Cao Ferroelectric materials are the best dielectric and piezoelectric materials known today. Since the discovery of barium titanate in the 1940s, lead zirconate titanate ceramics in the 1950s and relaxor-PT single crystals (such as lead magnesium niobate–lead titanate and lead zinc niobate–lead titanate) in the 1980s and 1990s, perovskite ferroelectric materials have been the dominating piezoelectric materials for electromechanical devices, and are widely used in...
Source: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports - February 15, 2015 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research

High-K materials and metal gates for CMOS applications
Publication date: February 2015 Source:Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, Volume 88 Author(s): John Robertson , Robert M. Wallace The scaling of complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) transistors has led to the silicon dioxide layer used as a gate dielectric becoming so thin that the gate leakage current becomes too large. This led to the replacement of SiO2 by a physically thicker layer of a higher dielectric constant or ‘high-K’ oxide such as hafnium oxide. Intensive research was carried out to develop these oxides into high quality electronic materials. In addition, the incorporation of Ge ...
Source: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports - December 11, 2014 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research

Self-organized nanopatterning of silicon surfaces by ion beam sputtering
Publication date: December 2014 Source:Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, Volume 86 Author(s): Javier Muñoz-García , Luis Vázquez , Mario Castro , Raúl Gago , Andrés Redondo-Cubero , Ana Moreno-Barrado , Rodolfo Cuerno In recent years Ion Beam Sputtering (IBS) has revealed itself as a powerful technique to induce surface nanopatterns with a large number of potential applications. These structures are produced in rather short processing times and over relatively large areas, for a wide range of materials, such as metals, insulators, and semiconductors. In particular, silicon has become a paradigm...
Source: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports - December 5, 2014 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research

Metallic implant biomaterials
Publication date: January 2015 Source:Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, Volume 87 Author(s): Qizhi Chen , George A. Thouas Human tissue is structured mainly of self-assembled polymers (proteins) and ceramics (bone minerals), with metals present as trace elements with molecular scale functions. However, metals and their alloys have played a predominant role as structural biomaterials in reconstructive surgery, especially orthopedics, with more recent uses in non-osseous tissues, such as blood vessels. With the successful routine use of a large variety of metal implants clinically, issues associated with l...
Source: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports - December 5, 2014 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research