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Strain engineering and mechanical assembly of silicon/germanium nanomembranes
Publication date: June 2018 Source:Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, Volume 128 Author(s): Qinglei Guo, Zengfeng Di, Max G. Lagally, Yongfeng Mei Silicon (Si) and/or germanium (Ge) nanomembranes (NMs) play crucial roles in various applications, including conventional microelectronics, as well as recently emerging high-performance flexible/stretchable electronics. Because of their superior mechanical properties, such as flexibility, strain-ability, and bond-ability, Si/GeNMs can be strain-engineered, functionalized, and assembled into two/three-dimensional (2D/3D) micro/nano-architectures and devices. The...
Source: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports - March 9, 2018 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research

Organic polymeric and small molecular electron acceptors for organic solar cells
Publication date: Available online 20 February 2018 Source:Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports Author(s): Venkateswararao A., Shun-Wei Liu, Ken-Tsung Wong In organic solar cells (OSCs), the electron donor (D) and electron acceptor (A) blended active layer is the most crucial component for governing the power conversion efficiency (PCE). Various efficient donor materials with wide structural variations have been developed to couple with high-electron mobility fullerene-based acceptors, giving PCEs beyond 12%. However, fullerene-embedded OSCs encounter great challenges of low flexibility for structural modific...
Source: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports - February 21, 2018 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research

Naturally-derived biopolymer nanocomposites: Interfacial design, properties and emerging applications
Publication date: March 2018 Source:Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, Volume 125 Author(s): Rui Xiong, Anise M. Grant, Ruilong Ma, Shuaidi Zhang, Vladimir V. Tsukruk Naturally derived materials with hierarchical organization are attractive candidates for high-performance and functional bionanocomposites because of their renewability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, flexibility, and the availability of multiple reactive sites for introducing novel functionalities. Complementary to these inherent properties, the synergistic combination of biological and synthetic components facilitated by strong inter...
Source: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports - February 21, 2018 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research

Conductive nitrides: Growth principles, optical and electronic properties, and their perspectives in photonics and plasmonics
Publication date: January 2018 Source:Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, Volume 123 Author(s): P. Patsalas, N. Kalfagiannis, S. Kassavetis, G. Abadias, D.V. Bellas, Ch. Lekka, E. Lidorikis The nitrides of most of the group IVb-Vb-VIb transition metals (TiN, ZrN, HfN, VN, NbN, TaN, MoN, WN) constitute the unique category of conductive ceramics. Having substantial electronic conductivity, exceptionally high melting points and covering a wide range of work function values, they were considered for a variety of electronic applications, which include diffusion barriers in metallizations of integrated circui...
Source: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports - February 3, 2018 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research

On deformation behavior of Fe-Mn based structural alloys
This article is a literature review of recent advances in novel Fe-Mn based alloys, drawing specific examples on Hadfield and TWIP steels, and high entropy and shape memory alloys. A critical discussion of these alloys merits a uniform treatment owing to their remarkable mechanical attributes, i.e. a substantial combination of strength and ductility. It is interesting to note that their microscopic deformation mechanism also shares commonality in terms of twinning-dominated straining in addition to slip-based plasticity. In the past two decades alone, a synergy of materials science and mechanics based studies has significa...
Source: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports - September 21, 2017 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research

Advances in lithium —sulfur batteries
Publication date: November 2017 Source:Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, Volume 121 Author(s): X. Zhang, H. Xie, C.-S. Kim, K. Zaghib, A. Mauger, C.M. Julien This review is focused on the state-of-the-art of lithium-sulfur batteries. The great advantage of these energy storage devices in view of their theoretical specific capacity (2500Whkg−1, 2800WhL−1, assuming complete reaction to Li2S) has been the motivation for a huge amount of works. However, these batteries suffer of disadvantages that have restricted their applications such as high electrical resistance, capacity fading, self-discharge, ma...
Source: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports - September 15, 2017 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research

Two-dimensional black phosphorus: Synthesis, modification, properties, and applications
Publication date: October 2017 Source:Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, Volume 120 Author(s): Ya Yi, Xue-Feng Yu, Wenhua Zhou, Jiahong Wang, Paul K. Chu Black phosphorus (BP) discovered a century ago constitutes a new class of two-dimensional (2D) materials and is intensively studied as a 2D semiconductor. The high carrier mobility and tunable and moderate direct bandgap of BP deliver great promise in electronic and optoelectronic applications and the unique intrinsic anisotropy arising from the puckered structure produces extraordinary electronic, optical, transport, thermal, and mechanical properties ...
Source: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports - September 6, 2017 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research

Spatially and temporally controlled hydrogels for tissue engineering
Publication date: September 2017 Source:Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, Volume 119 Author(s): Jeroen Leijten, Jungmok Seo, Kan Yue, Grissel Trujillo-de Santiago, Ali Tamayol, Guillermo U. Ruiz-Esparza, Su Ryon Shin, Roholah Sharifi, Iman Noshadi, Mario Moisés Álvarez, Yu Shrike Zhang, Ali Khademhosseini Recent years have seen tremendous advances in the field of hydrogel-based biomaterials. One of the most prominent revolutions in this field has been the integration of elements or techniques that enable spatial and temporal control over hydrogels’ properties and functions. Here, we criticall...
Source: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports - July 26, 2017 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research

Graphene-based flexible electronic devices
Publication date: August 2017 Source:Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, Volume 118 Author(s): Tae-Hee Han, Hobeom Kim, Sung-Joo Kwon, Tae-Woo Lee Flexible electronic devices fabricated on plastic substrate are more desirable than rigid counterparts for future displays, lightings, or solar cells. For flexible electronics to become practical, the indium-tin-oxide (ITO) electrode should be replaced due to its brittleness, increasing cost, and chemical instability. Graphene has emerged as a promising material for flexible transparent conducting electrodes because of its unique electronic and mechanical proper...
Source: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports - June 15, 2017 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research

Bio-based flame retardants: When nature meets fire protection
Publication date: July 2017 Source:Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, Volume 117 Author(s): Lucie Costes, Fouad Laoutid, Sylvain Brohez, Philippe Dubois Fire retardancy of polymeric materials is a subject of major preoccupation due to the need to minimize fire risk and meet fire safety requirements. Numerous efficient conventional flame retardants based on halogen, mineral, and other compounds have been developed. However, some of these compounds, particularly halogen flame retardants, are harmful to our health and the environment, and their use has been restricted. In addition, the increasing concern abo...
Source: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports - April 29, 2017 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research

Elastomer/thermoplastic modified epoxy nanocomposites: The hybrid effect of ‘micro’ and ‘nano’ scale
Publication date: June 2017 Source:Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, Volume 116 Author(s): Poornima Vijayan P., Debora Puglia, Mariam Ali S.A. Al-Maadeed, Jose. M. Kenny, Sabu Thomas The approach of simultaneously exploit the use of microscale elastomers/thermoplastics and nanoscale fillers for the modification of epoxy systems is presently an active research topic. Such hybrid modification of epoxy primarily helps to tailor multiple mechanical properties, without compromising other required properties. The current review reports about the development and properties of multicomponent epoxy systems modif...
Source: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports - March 27, 2017 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research

Recent advances in wearable tactile sensors: Materials, sensing mechanisms, and device performance
Publication date: May 2017 Source:Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, Volume 115 Author(s): Tingting Yang, Dan Xie, Zhihong Li, Hongwei Zhu Tactile sensors, most commonly referred as strain and pressure sensors, can collect mechanical property data of the human body and local environment, to provide valuable insights into the human health status or artificial intelligence systems. The introduction of a high level of wearability (bendability and stretchability) to tactile sensors can dramatically enhance their interfaces with the contact objects, providing chronically reliable functions. Therefore, the deve...
Source: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports - March 6, 2017 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research

Sol-gel metal oxide dielectrics for all-solution-processed electronics
This article reviews recent advances in solution-based MOx dielectric materials, with a specific focus on the extensive categorization of their structures/compositions and on advanced approaches for realizing ultimate material properties and next-generation device platforms. We expect that this review will manifest the strong potentials of sol-gel MOx dielectric materials toward all-solution-processed low-voltage transparent electronics with freedom in mechanical form factors along with unrivaled performance. Graphical abstract (Source: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports)
Source: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports - February 13, 2017 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research

Processing-structure-property relationships of continuous carbon fiber polymer-matrix composites
Publication date: March 2017 Source:Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, Volume 113 Author(s): D.D.L. Chung This paper reviews the processing-structure-property relationships of continuous carbon fiber polymer-matrix composites, which are important for lightweight structures. Such relationships constitute the guiding principles in materials design, development and tailoring. Although much research has been performed for decades on the mechanical behavior of continuous fiber composites, the functional behavior (electrical, electromagnetic, dielectric, thermal, thermoelectric, vibration damping, etc.) of these m...
Source: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports - February 1, 2017 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research

Paper: A promising material for human-friendly functional wearable electronics
Publication date: February 2017 Source:Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, Volume 112 Author(s): Hao Liu, Huaibin Qing, Zedong Li, Yu Long Han, Min Lin, Hui Yang, Ang Li, Tian Jian Lu, Fei Li, Feng Xu The ever-growing overlap between electronics and wearable technology is driving the demand for utilizing novel materials that are cost-effective, light-weight, eco-friendly, mechanically deformable and can be conformably and comfortably worn on human body as substrate to support the reliable operation of wearable electronic functionalities. Paper materials comprised of bio-origin ingredients (e.g., cell...
Source: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports - January 25, 2017 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research