Effects of picture valence on serial pattern learning performance in humans
Publication date: May 2019Source: Learning and Motivation, Volume 66Author(s): Shannon M.A. KundeyAbstractMuch comparative work has explored humans’ and nonhuman animals’ sensitivity to sequence structure, mainly under conditions attempting to maximize learning. Conditions in an organism’s everyday reality, though, may not match these ideal circumstances. Organisms must detect and learn about how events are sequenced even when extraneous stimuli are present and/or under threat. Irrelevant information can decrease sequence learning in both humans and rats (e.g., Hersh, 1974; Kundey & Fountain, 2011; Kundey, De Los Rey...
Source: Learning and Motivation - March 16, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Editorial Board
Publication date: February 2019Source: Learning and Motivation, Volume 65Author(s): (Source: Learning and Motivation)
Source: Learning and Motivation - March 6, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Learning and Motivation, Editorial
Publication date: February 2019Source: Learning and Motivation, Volume 65Author(s): Phil Reed (Source: Learning and Motivation)
Source: Learning and Motivation - March 6, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
I didn’t feel like drinking, but I guess why: Evaluative conditioning changes on explicit attitudes toward alcohol and healthy foods depends on contingency awareness
ConclusionsWe conclude that EC alone may not be efficient in reducing addictive behaviors in populations with reduced capacity to process CS-US pairs and for which impulsive behaviors are strong predictors of consumption. (Source: Learning and Motivation)
Source: Learning and Motivation - February 26, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
A hierarchical model of binary pattern learning
Publication date: February 2019Source: Learning and Motivation, Volume 65Author(s): Paul C. VitzAbstractA model is presented of how humans learn repeating patterns made of only two qualitatively distinct elements, for example: aabbaabab. The model proposes hierarchical coding principles or axioms that code the pattern into larger groups of elements at higher levels until perfect prediction is possible. Prior to solution the learner uses the transition probabilities associated with the coded elements present at the lower levels to make predictions. A simple rationale for weighting the contribution of the lower levels allows...
Source: Learning and Motivation - February 16, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Concomitant abuse of methadone and methamphetamine could impair spatial learning and memory in male rats
Publication date: February 2019Source: Learning and Motivation, Volume 65Author(s): Fatemeh Nouri, Mohammad Reza Afarinesh, Vahid Sheibani, Alireza Foroumadi, Saeed Esmaeili Mahani, Mostafa Mahmoudi, Ehsan RohaniAbstractMethadone maintenance therapy (MMT) has been considered as an effective medication for opioid dependence. However there are reports of methamphetamine abuse among MMT patients due to greater desired effects and fewer side effects than either substance alone. Little research has been done on the effects of methamphetamine abuse on cognitive behaviors during MMT. In the current study, we investigated spatial ...
Source: Learning and Motivation - January 16, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Investigating the effect of conditional vs hierarchical framing on motivation
This study highlights the potential differing effects that framing tasks conditionally, hierarchically or both hierarchically and conditionally can have on motivation and task performance. (Source: Learning and Motivation)
Source: Learning and Motivation - January 8, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Stimulus comparison: Effects of the pre-exposure schedule and instructions for perceptual learning and attention
This study aimed to test the effects of the preexposure schedule and certain kinds of verbal instructions for pre-exposure in perceptual learning and attention to the distinctive features of the stimuli. For this, in two experiments adult human participants received concurrent or blocked pre-exposure to two stimuli, and were then required to judge them as same or different in a target identification task. During pre-exposure, participants could receive unspecific instructions to look only at the stimuli (Experiments 1 and 2), asking for “same/different” judgments (Experiments 1 and 2), or only for “different” or ...
Source: Learning and Motivation - December 30, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The effect of visualization format and content complexity on acquisition of tactical actions in basketball
This study tried to identify how varied level of content complexity (low vs. medium vs. high) could affect learning outcomes, cognitive load investment, and attitudes when learning basketball tactical actions from different formats of visualization (dynamic vs. static) within physical education context. One hundred and fifty secondary school students (Mage = 15.31 years, SD = .64) took part in the experiment. They were quasi-randomly (i.e., matched for gender) assigned to the six experimental conditions and asked to rate their perceived cognitive load (i.e., mental effort invested and estimated difficulty), indicat...
Source: Learning and Motivation - December 22, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Editorial Board
Publication date: November 2018Source: Learning and Motivation, Volume 64Author(s): (Source: Learning and Motivation)
Source: Learning and Motivation - November 3, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The impact of socio-cultural differences on formation of intrinsic motivation: The case of local and foreign students
Publication date: February 2019Source: Learning and Motivation, Volume 65Author(s): Julia Konstantinovna Kazakova, Elena Mikhailovna ShastinaAbstractCurrently, intrinsic motivation becomes a key focus in the classroom processes, including language learning. This paper examines the commonalities and differences in the formation of intrinsic motivation of local and foreign students based on their socio-cultural background. The sample consisted of 107 students of Foreign Languages Department in Kazan Federal University (56% Russians, 44% foreign). Thus, foreign students from Uzbekistan, Tadzhikistan and Turkmenistan tend to e...
Source: Learning and Motivation - November 3, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
A re-examination of responding on ratio and regulated-probability interval schedules
Publication date: Available online 13 September 2018Source: Learning and MotivationAuthor(s): Omar D. Pérez, Michael R.F. Aitken, Amy L. Milton, Anthony DickinsonAbstractThe higher response rates observed on ratio than on matched interval reward schedules has been attributed to the differential reinforcement of longer inter-response times (IRTs) on the interval contingency. Some data, however, seem to contradict this hypothesis, showing that the difference is still observed when the role of IRT reinforcement is neutralized by using a regulated-probability interval schedule (RPI). Given the mixed evidence for these predict...
Source: Learning and Motivation - September 14, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Instrumental lever pressing for wheel running is a bitonic function of wheel revolutions per reinforcement: Effects of constraint and automatic reinforcement
Publication date: Available online 5 September 2018Source: Learning and MotivationAuthor(s): W. David Pierce, Terry W. Belke, Allison F. HarrisAbstractThe current study investigated the relationship between wheel-running reinforcement and operant lever pressing when an opportunity to run is defined by the number of wheel revolutions rather than duration of wheel access. Twelve female Long-Evans rats responded on response-initiated variable interval 15-s schedules for the opportunity to run for 1, 3, 5, 10, 20, 30, or 40 revolutions. Half the rats received an ascending order of revolutions/reinforcement; the other half, rec...
Source: Learning and Motivation - September 5, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Editorial Board
Publication date: August 2018Source: Learning and Motivation, Volume 63Author(s): (Source: Learning and Motivation)
Source: Learning and Motivation - August 23, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Effects of the number of acquisition sessions and scheduled reinforcers on ABA renewal
Publication date: August 2018Source: Learning and Motivation, Volume 63Author(s): Kenneth Madrigal, Cinthia Hernández, Carlos FloresAbstractRecent research has suggested that among different relapse procedures (i.e. resurgence and renewal), an increased number of acquisition sessions contributes on observing a greater relapse. Even when such results seem to be consistent across studies, these can also be explained by attending to the number of scheduled reinforcers, since using different number of acquisition sessions could also result on differences in the number of scheduled reinforcers between groups. ABA renewal was a...
Source: Learning and Motivation - July 31, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
