Conditioned reinforcement and backward association
Publication date: November 2016 Source:Learning and Motivation, Volume 56 Author(s): Arthur Prével, Vinca Rivière, Jean-Claude Darcheville, Gonzalo P. Urcelay In the present study, excitatory backward conditioning was assessed in a conditioned reinforcement paradigm. The experiment was conducted with human subjects and consisted of five conditions. In all conditions, US reinforcing value (i.e. time reduction of a timer) was assessed in phase 1 using a concurrent FR schedule, with one response key leading to US presentation and the other key leading to no-US. In phase 2, two discrete stimuli, S+ and S−, were paire...
Source: Learning and Motivation - September 30, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Perceptual learning in flavor preference conditioning: Restricting generalization of acquired preferences between flavors
Publication date: November 2016 Source:Learning and Motivation, Volume 56 Author(s): Sergio A. Recio, Adela F. Iliescu, R.C. Honey, Isabel de Brugada Two experiments with rats investigated perceptual learning using a conditioned preference procedure. Experiment 1 used a between-subject procedure in which rats received either intermixed preexposure (AX, BX, AX, BX…) or blocked preexposure (AX, AX…, BX, BX…) to flavor compounds before a conditioned preference was established to AX by pairing it with sucrose. During a test, rats given intermixed preexposure showed a greater preference for AX over BX than those giv...
Source: Learning and Motivation - September 23, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Time course of colour-word contingency learning: Practice curves, pre-exposure benefits, unlearning, and relearning
Publication date: November 2016 Source:Learning and Motivation, Volume 56 Author(s): James R. Schmidt, Jan De Houwer In performance-based measures of implicit contingency learning, learning effects have been observed very early in the task (e.g., within a few trials) and remain stable throughout the experiment. This has been taken to suggest that the contingency knowledge underlying the learning effects is formed almost instantly and does not develop further across trials. One potential concern with the available evidence is that response times are overall much slower early on in an experiment and speed up over practic...
Source: Learning and Motivation - September 17, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Learning in a changing environment: Effects of the discriminability of visual stimuli and of time
Publication date: November 2016 Source:Learning and Motivation, Volume 56 Author(s): Sarah Cowie, Michael Davison, Luca Blumhardt, Douglas Elliffe Rapid behavioral adaptation is advantageous to the survival of a species, in that it aids in the continued attainment of resources, and in the avoidance of adverse consequences. Adaptation occurs rapidly when disparities between resources obtained at different locations are large, and appears enhanced when resources are obtained more frequently. These effects may result because such conditions make the relation between location and resource availability more discriminable,...
Source: Learning and Motivation - September 10, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The effect of US signalling and the US –CS interval on backward conditioning in mice
Publication date: November 2014 Source:Learning and Motivation, Volume 48 Author(s): David J. Sanderson, Steven F. Cuell, David M. Bannerman The effect of US signalling and the US–CS interval in backward conditioning was assessed in mice. For one group of mice the presentation of food was signalled by a tone and for another group, food was unsignalled. For half of the mice, within each group, the presentation of food preceded a visual cue by 10s. For the other half, food was presented at the start of the visual cue (0-s US–CS interval), resulting in simultaneous pairings of these events. A summation test and ...
Source: Learning and Motivation - July 20, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
