Effect of water temperature on swimming-based taste aversion learning in rats
Publication date: August 2018Source: Learning and Motivation, Volume 63Author(s): Sadahiko NakajimaAbstractSwimming endows rats with conditioned aversion to a taste solution consumed shortly prior to swimming. The present study explores the effects of water temperature on this swimming-based taste aversion learning using simple conditioning (Experiment 1) and differential conditioning (Experiment 2) paradigms. In both experiments, swimming in 22 °C water effectively established taste aversion, while the aversion based on swimming in 30 or 38 °C water was weak and ambiguous. These findings are in contrast with the hyp...
Source: Learning and Motivation - July 5, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Consummatory successive negative contrast in rats: Assessment through orofacial taste reactivity responses
This study addressed in male adult Wistar rats the hedonic impact of incentive devaluation in an adapted cSNC protocol. Specifically, the orofacial responses to a sucrose solution infused into the oral cavity were measured. It was observed that animals exposed to reward devaluation, from a 32% to a 4% sucrose solution, showed a decrease in the duration of appetitive responses (tongue protrusions, mouth movements, paw licks) as compared with subjects which only experienced the low concentration of sucrose. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that incentive devaluation in a cSNC not only results in reduced intake,...
Source: Learning and Motivation - July 5, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Transfer between anticipatory and consummatory tasks involving reward loss
Publication date: August 2018Source: Learning and Motivation, Volume 63Author(s): Amanda C. Glueck, Carmen Torres, Mauricio R. PapiniAbstractDoes recovery from reward devaluation or partial reinforcement (PR) involve the counterconditioning of frustration? Transfer among tasks involving reward loss was used to uncover frustration counterconditioning. In Experiment 1, Phase 1 training in consummatory successive negative contrast (cSNC; 32-to-4% sucrose devaluation) eliminated Phase 2 iSNC in one-way avoidance (40-to-3 s safety-time reduction), but the opposite sequence generated no detectable transfer. In Experiment 2, tr...
Source: Learning and Motivation - July 5, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Open field, panel length discrimination by homing pigeons (Columba livia)
Publication date: August 2018Source: Learning and Motivation, Volume 63Author(s): Brittany A. Sizemore, Melissa A. Schoenlein, Verner P. BingmanAbstractPigeons were trained to find a food reward in a square environmental space where two opposing walls had longer panels attached to them, and the other two opposing walls had shorter panels attached to them. Magnitude discrimination theory would lead to the prediction that there would be asymmetrical discriminative performance between experimental groups; rewarded associations with longer panels were expected to yield better correct choice performance than to shorter panels. ...
Source: Learning and Motivation - July 5, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Augmentation’s boundary conditions? Investigation of spatial contiguity, temporal contiguity, and target flavor familiarity
Publication date: August 2018Source: Learning and Motivation, Volume 63Author(s): Clare Jensen, Kaela Van Til, Ayaka Abe, Perri Nicholson, W. Robert BatsellAbstractWhen a preconditioned flavor (A) is conditioned in compound with a novel target flavor (X), the aversion to the target X is increased; this enhanced aversion to X is called augmentation. In 6 experiments with rat subjects, we manipulated the spatial contiguity of cues during compound conditioning (AX+), the temporal contiguity of cues during compound conditioning (AX+), and the familiarity of the target. In all 6 studies, augmentation was recorded with spatially...
Source: Learning and Motivation - July 5, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Reprint of: Using video modeling with voiceover instruction plus feedback to train implementation of stimulus preference assessments
Publication date: Available online 25 June 2018 Source:Learning and Motivation Author(s): Casey L. Nottingham, Jason C. Vladescu, Antonia R. Giannakakos, Lauren K. Schnell, Joshua L. Lipschultz Behavior analysts frequently use stimulus preference assessments to identify putative reinforcers for consumers with autism spectrum disorder. The current study evaluated the effect of video modeling with voiceover instruction and on-screen text (VMVOT) and performance feedback to train staff to implement the multiple-stimulus-without-replacement, paired-stimulus, and single-stimulus preference assessments. Generalization pro...
Source: Learning and Motivation - June 26, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Open field, panel length discrimination by homing pigeons (Columba livia)
Publication date: August 2018 Source:Learning and Motivation, Volume 63 Author(s): Brittany A. Sizemore, Melissa A. Schoenlein, Verner P. Bingman Pigeons were trained to find a food reward in a square environmental space where two opposing walls had longer panels attached to them, and the other two opposing walls had shorter panels attached to them. Magnitude discrimination theory would lead to the prediction that there would be asymmetrical discriminative performance between experimental groups; rewarded associations with longer panels were expected to yield better correct choice performance than to shorter panels. I...
Source: Learning and Motivation - June 21, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Evaluation of renewal mitigation of negatively reinforced socially significant operant behavior
Publication date: August 2018 Source:Learning and Motivation, Volume 63 Author(s): Michael E. Kelley, Corina Jimenez-Gomez, Christopher A. Podlesnik, Andrew Morgan Renewal is a relapse phenomenon that occurs when previously treated target behavior re-emerges as a result of context change. Typically, a target response is reinforced in Context A, extinguished in Context B, and then re-emerges in Context A - despite the continuation of the extinction procedure. In the current study, we initially reinforced inappropriate mealtime behavior or aggression in Context A across three children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Dis...
Source: Learning and Motivation - June 21, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
A positive psychological intervention for failing students: Does it improve academic achievement and motivation? A pilot study
Publication date: August 2018 Source:Learning and Motivation, Volume 63 Author(s): Anna Muro, Joaquim Soler, Àusias Cebolla, Ramon Cladellas In the last decade, positive psychology interventions (PPI) applied in both clinical and non-clinical samples have demonstrated a proven efficacy to increase positive emotions, well-being, and life satisfaction. However, few studies have used objective indicators of performance to explored the efficacy of PPI to increase students' motivation to study or to improve performance. Therefore, we developed and applied a PPI in a sample of high-school students with poor academic achie...
Source: Learning and Motivation - June 11, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Transfer between anticipatory and consummatory tasks involving reward loss
Publication date: August 2018 Source:Learning and Motivation, Volume 63 Author(s): Amanda C. Glueck, Carmen Torres, Mauricio R. Papini Does recovery from reward devaluation or partial reinforcement (PR) involve the counterconditioning of frustration? Transfer among tasks involving reward loss was used to uncover frustration counterconditioning. In Experiment 1, Phase 1 training in consummatory successive negative contrast (cSNC; 32-to-4% sucrose devaluation) eliminated Phase 2 iSNC in one-way avoidance (40-to-3 s safety-time reduction), but the opposite sequence generated no detectable transfer. In Experiment 2, tra...
Source: Learning and Motivation - June 6, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Consummatory successive negative contrast in rats: Assessment through orofacial taste reactivity responses
This study addressed in male adult Wistar rats the hedonic impact of incentive devaluation in an adapted cSNC protocol. Specifically, the orofacial responses to a sucrose solution infused into the oral cavity were measured. It was observed that animals exposed to reward devaluation, from a 32% to a 4% sucrose solution, showed a decrease in the duration of appetitive responses (tongue protrusions, mouth movements, paw licks) as compared with subjects which only experienced the low concentration of sucrose. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that incentive devaluation in a cSNC not only results in reduced intake,...
Source: Learning and Motivation - May 15, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Effect of water temperature on swimming-based taste aversion learning in rats
Publication date: August 2018 Source:Learning and Motivation, Volume 63 Author(s): Sadahiko Nakajima Swimming endows rats with conditioned aversion to a taste solution consumed shortly prior to swimming. The present study explores the effects of water temperature on this swimming-based taste aversion learning using simple conditioning (Experiment 1) and differential conditioning (Experiment 2) paradigms. In both experiments, swimming in 22 °C water effectively established taste aversion, while the aversion based on swimming in 30 or 38 °C water was weak and ambiguous. These findings are in contrast with the hypoth...
Source: Learning and Motivation - May 15, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The effect of monetary compensation on cognitive training outcomes
Publication date: August 2018 Source:Learning and Motivation, Volume 63 Author(s): Benjamin Katz, Susanne M. Jaeggi, Martin Buschkuehl, Priti Shah, John Jonides Recent work has established the possibility that messaging and incentive during recruitment may influence the outcome of cognitive training. These factors may impact intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to complete a training intervention, and one provocative single session study suggests that recruitment messaging may be responsible for an expectancy effect in certain training experiments. To examine the effects of payment and payment messaging during recruit...
Source: Learning and Motivation - March 16, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Impact of parenting, reward, and prior achievement on task persistence
Publication date: August 2018 Source:Learning and Motivation, Volume 63 Author(s): Hüseyin Kotaman The purpose of this study was to test the impact of reward, prior achievement, parenting style, and parents’ educational and income levels on second graders’ task persistence in the face of a challenging task. The participants were 179 s graders enrolled in one of three public schools in the Şanlıurfa. Participants were randomly assigned to success, no-reward, and reward groups. On the pre- and posttest, participants’ task persistence was measured through engagement with an unsolvable labyrinth puzzle. Stepwise ...
Source: Learning and Motivation - March 13, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Augmentation ’s boundary conditions? Investigation of spatial contiguity, temporal contiguity, and target flavor familiarity
Publication date: August 2018 Source:Learning and Motivation, Volume 63 Author(s): Clare Jensen, Kaela Van Til, Ayaka Abe, Perri Nicholson, W. Robert Batsell When a preconditioned flavor (A) is conditioned in compound with a novel target flavor (X), the aversion to the target X is increased; this enhanced aversion to X is called augmentation. In 6 experiments with rat subjects, we manipulated the spatial contiguity of cues during compound conditioning (AX+), the temporal contiguity of cues during compound conditioning (AX+), and the familiarity of the target. In all 6 studies, augmentation was recorded with spatiall...
Source: Learning and Motivation - February 4, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
