Effect of age in the ciliary muscle during accommodation: Sectorial analysis
ConclusionThe anterior ciliary muscle area tends to increase with accommodation. The presbyopic nasal, inferior, and temporal ciliary muscle seem to have the same contractile capability as the young presbyopic ciliary muscle. These results might help to increase the evidences in the knowledge regarding the modern understanding of accommodation biometry and biomechanics.ResumenObjetivoComparar los cambios en el área del músculo ciliar en diferentes sectores entre ojos con pre-presbicia y presbicia durante la acomodación, por medio de un tomógrafo de coherencia óptica (OCT) de segmento anterior.MétodosSe midió el áre...
Source: Journal of Optometry - July 10, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Enantiomorphism and rule similarity in the astigmatism axes of fellow eyes: A population-based study
ConclusionBilateral astigmatism is mainly isorule in the population and anisorule astigmatism is rare. The enantiomorphism is the most common pattern in the population of bilateral astigmatism.ResumenObjetivoEvaluar los patrones de la relación entre los ejes del astigmatismo en ojos contralaterales (similitud de la regla y simetría), y determinar la prevalencia de cada patrón en la población estudiada.MétodosEste estudio poblacional se llevó a cabo en Irán en 2015. A todos los participantes se les realizaron pruebas de agudeza visual, refracción objetiva, refracción subjetiva (de cooperar el paciente), y valoraci...
Source: Journal of Optometry - July 10, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Influence of contrast polarity on the accommodative response
ConclusionsContrast polarity does not seem to influence the accommodative response when reading text from an electronic microdisplay.ResumenObjetivoEvaluar los cambios de la respuesta acomodativa del ojo al leer un texto en diferentes condiciones de polaridad de contraste: letras negras sobre fondo blanco (condición BoW) y letras blancas sobre fondo negro (condición WoB).MétodosEn este estudio experimental participaron dieciocho sujetos de edades comprendidas entre 21 y 41 años. Se obtuvo objetivamente la respuesta acomodativa (AR) del ojo al leer un texto con polaridad de contraste BoW o WoB con un sistema de óptica ...
Source: Journal of Optometry - July 10, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Effect of distance vision and refractive error on the spontaneous eye blink activity in human subjects in primary eye gaze
ConclusionsThe studies indicate that some form of visual target could be useful to promote constancy of spontaneous eye blink activity over time, but that a distance visual target (when provided) does not need to be seen clearly.ResumenObjetivoEvaluar si el tipo y visibilidad del objetivo visual afecta a la tasa de parpadeo espontáneo del ojo (SEBR) en posición primaria de la mirada y en silencio.MétodosSe realizaron grabaciones de vídeo de jóvenes adultos sanos, emétropes (n = 32), o que utilizaban gafas para el error refractivo (rango: –4,75 D y +4,5 D (n = 31). Se realizaron grabaciones de 5&...
Source: Journal of Optometry - July 10, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Expanding the traditional role of optometry: Current practice patterns and attitudes to enhanced glaucoma services in Ireland
ConclusionIrish optometrists are well equipped with the traditional tests used in glaucoma detection. However, implementation of enhanced referral schemes or glaucoma monitoring or management services would require equipment upgrades and associated training in at least half of the surveyed practices. There is strong interest in furthering optometric professional development and expanding the traditional role boundaries of optometrists, incorporating further education as an essential prerequisite to an enhanced scope of practice.ResumenObjetivoEstudiar la disponibilidad actual y el uso del equipo diagnóstico para la detecc...
Source: Journal of Optometry - July 10, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Immediate effect of a tear enhancer and meibomian gland expression on the corneal surface and whole eye higher order aberrations
ConclusionThere were no detectable differences between right and left eyes. For the 6 mm pupil, the tear enhancer tended to improve optical performance of the WE and meibomian gland expression tended to reduce the optical performance at the CS.ResumenObjetivoEstudiar los cambios de las aberraciones oculares de alto orden (HOA) inducidas por la aplicación de las lágrimas artificiales con 0,15% de hialuronato sódico y la expresión de las glándulas de Meibomio (ME) en la película lagrimal en sujetos normales.MétodosSe obtuvieron los valores de HOA de la superficie corneal (SC) y de la totalidad del ojo, utilizando...
Source: Journal of Optometry - July 10, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Accommodative insufficiency in a student population in Iran
ConclusionThe prevalence of AI in the present study is lower than the most prevalence rates reported in previous studies. In the present study, gender and AI showed a strong association, such that AI prevalence was significantly higher in females than males.ResumenObjetivoDeterminar la prevalencia de la insuficiencia acomodativa (IA) y su relación con la edad, sexo, y errores refractivos en una población universitaria de Irán.MétodosEl presente estudio se realizó de forma transversal en 2017. Se realizaron pruebas optométricas a todos los estudiantes, incluyendo medición de la agudeza visual, refracción objetiva y ...
Source: Journal of Optometry - July 10, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
HbA1c and retinal sensitivity in diabetics using microperimetry
ConclusionRetinal sensitivity at the central 10° of the macula is affected by changes in HbA1c values.ResumenObjetivoEl objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la relación entre los valores de HbA1c y la sensibilidad de la retina en los 10 grados centrales de la misma utilizando el microperímetro MP-1.MétodosSe realizó un estudio prospectivo en 32 sujetos sanos (grupo control) y 60 pacientes diabéticos. Los pacientes diabéticos se dividieron en dos grupos: el grupo 1 se compuso de 30 pacientes sin retinopatía diabética (RD), y el grupo 2 incluyó a 30 pacientes con RD no proliferativa leve. Se realizó una micrope...
Source: Journal of Optometry - July 10, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Normative values for clinical measures used to classify accommodative and vergence anomalies in a sample of high school children in South Africa
ConclusionThis study provides norms for clinical measures which could be used to classify accommodative and vergence parameters for children aged 13–18 years in this population or beyond. Findings should be applied in the context of the measurement techniques and the associated limitations outlined in this report.ResumenObjetivoDeterminar los valores normativos para la estereoagudeza, y las mediciones de acomodación y vergencia para poblaciones de estudiantes de secundaria.MétodosUtilizando un muestreo de grupo aleatorio de etapas múltiples, se seleccionaron 1.211 chicos (481 varones y 730 mujeres) de edades comprendi...
Source: Journal of Optometry - July 10, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Accuracy of Cirrus HD-OCT and Topcon SP-3000P for measuring central corneal thickness
ConclusionOCT and UPS offered highly comparable results, whereas NCSM offered lower mean CCT values compared to the other two methods. Therefore, NCSM should not be considered a reliable method for measuring CCT and should rather be considered for assessing longitudinal changes in the same patient.ResumenObjetivoComparar y analizar la intercambiabilidad de tres sistemas de medición, basado cada uno de ellos en una técnica diferente, para estudiar el espesor corneal central (ECC).MétodosSe realizaron mediciones del ECC utilizando tomografía de coherencia óptica (OCT), microscopía especular (NCSM), y paquimetría ultra...
Source: Journal of Optometry - July 10, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Milestones in the development of Spanish optometry
Publication date: July–September 2018Source: Journal of Optometry, Volume 11, Issue 3Author(s): César Villa-Collar (Source: Journal of Optometry)
Source: Journal of Optometry - July 10, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Comparison of cyclopentolate versus tropicamide cycloplegia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
ConclusionWe suggest that tropicamide may be considered as a viable substitute for cyclopentolate due to its rapid onset of action. Although these results should be used cautiously in infants and in patients with high hyperopia or strabismus when using tropicamide as the sole cycloplegic agent especially in situations that the findings are variable or there is no consistency between the examination results and clinical manifestations of the visual problems.ResumenObjetivoEl objetivo del presente meta-análisis es comparar la eficacia de ciclopentolato y tropicamida a la hora de controlar la acomodación durante la refracci...
Source: Journal of Optometry - July 10, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
The effect of spherical aberration on visual performance and refractive state for stimuli and tasks typical of night viewing
ConclusionOcular SA can be a significant contributor to changes in refractive state when viewing high-contrast point sources typically encountered in nighttime environments.ResumenObjetivoEl objetivo de este estudio fue examinar el impacto de la aberración esférica de Seidel (AS) sobre el estado refractivo óptimo para detectar y discriminar las luces brillantes de pequeño tamaño sobre un fondo oscuro.MétodosSe utilizó un sistema de óptica adaptativa para corregir las aberraciones oculares de ojos bajo cicloplegía, e introducir sistemáticamente cinco valores de AS para una pupila de 7 mm de diámetro: 0, ...
Source: Journal of Optometry - July 10, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Measuring the heterophoria: Agreement between two methods in non-presbyopic and presbyopic patients
ConclusionCover test and von Graefe methods have a high level of agreement for both distance and near vision when considering presbyopic subjects. For non-presbyopic patients, the level of agreement is very low. Both methods for measuring heterophoria can only be considered interchangeable for presbyopic patients. For clinical purposes, this implies that any method can be used for measuring heterophoria in presbyopic patients.ResumenObjetivoEstablecer si el “cover test” y el método de von Graefe son intercambiables en la población sin y con presbicia.MétodosRealizamos un estudio prospectivo en una muestra de 127 suj...
Source: Journal of Optometry - July 10, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Visual and binocular status in elementary school children with a reading problem
ConclusionFindings indicate that some children with an identified reading problem also present with abnormal binocular test results compared to published normal values. Further investigation should be performed to investigate the relationship between binocular vision function and reading performance.ResumenObjetivoEste estudio descriptivo aporta un resumen de las anomalías binoculares observadas en niños de primaria en los que se identificaron problemas de lectura.MétodosRevisión retrospectiva de las historias clínicas de todos los niños en los que se identificaron problemas de lectura, examinados en la Universidad d...
Source: Journal of Optometry - July 10, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
