Ceramides - Lipotoxic Inducers of Metabolic Disorders.
Abstract
In obesity and dyslipidemia, the oversupply of fat to tissues not suited for lipid storage induces cellular dysfunction that underlies diabetes and cardiovascular disease (i.e., lipotoxicity). Of the myriad lipids that accrue under these conditions, sphingolipids such as ceramide or its metabolites are amongst the most deleterious because they disrupt insulin sensitivity, pancreatic β cell function, vascular reactivity, and mitochondrial metabolism. Remarkably, inhibiting ceramide biosynthesis or catalyzing ceramide degradation in rodents ameliorates many metabolic disorders including diabetes, c...
Source: Diabetes Metab - October 1, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Chaurasia B, Summers SA Tags: Trends Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research
The IL-1 Pathway in Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Complications.
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) exhibit chronic activation of the innate immune system in pancreatic islets, in insulin-sensitive tissues, and at sites of diabetic complications. This results from a pathological response to overnutrition and physical inactivity seen in genetically predisposed individuals. Processes mediated by the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) link obesity and dyslipidemia and have implicated IL-1β in T2D and related cardiovascular complications. Epidemiological, molecular, and animal studies have now assigned a central role for IL-1β in driving tissue inflam...
Source: Diabetes Metab - October 1, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Herder C, Dalmas E, Böni-Schnetzler M, Donath MY Tags: Trends Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research
The New Molecular Landscape of Cushing's Disease.
Abstract
Cushing's disease (CD) is caused by corticotropin-secreting pituitary adenomas and results in substantial morbidity and mortality. Its molecular basis has remained poorly understood until the past few years, when several proteins and genes [such as testicular orphan nuclear receptor 4 (TR4) and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90)] were found to play key roles in the disease. Most recently, mutations in the gene of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 8 (USP8) increasing its deubiquination activity were discovered in a high percentage of corticotroph adenomas. Here, we will discuss emerging insights in the molec...
Source: Diabetes Metab - October 1, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Sbiera S, Deutschbein T, Weigand I, Reincke M, Fassnacht M, Allolio B Tags: Trends Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research
Management of Home Parenteral Nutrition: A Prospective Multicenter Observational Study.
CONCLUSION: Anthropometric parameters and QoL improved during the observational period in this HPN cohort. These Swiss HPN data are prerequisite for evaluation and comparison of HPN recommendations and best clinical practice, status of professional care instructions related to HPN effectiveness, quality of treatment and patient safety.
PMID: 26418158 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes Metab)
Source: Diabetes Metab - September 30, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Aeberhard C, Leuenberger M, Joray M, Ballmer PE, Mühlebach S, Stanga Z Tags: Ann Nutr Metab Source Type: research
DPP-4 inhibitors and risk of infections: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
CONCLUSIONS: The overall risk of infections of DPP-4 inhibitor was not increased compared with control groups. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
PMID: 26417956 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes Metab)
Source: Diabetes Metab - September 29, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Yang W, Cai X, Han X, Ji L Tags: Diabetes Metab Res Rev Source Type: research
Serial GH measurement after IV placement alone can detect levels above stimulation test thresholds in children.
CONCLUSION: Some children will not have a sufficient GH response to pharmacological stimuli but will have a robust response to IVP. We recommend GH measurement following IVP in children undergoing GHST, particularly where there is a delay between IVP and administration of the pharmacological stimulus.
PMID: 26418286 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes Metab)
Source: Diabetes Metab - September 29, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Hawkes CP, Mavinkurve M, Fallon M, Grimberg A, Cody DC Tags: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research
Epigenetic alterations in human liver from subjects with type 2 diabetes in parallel with reduced folate levels.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights the importance of epigenetic and transcriptional changes in the liver from subjects with T2D. Reduced circulating folate levels may provide an explanation for hypomethylation in the human diabetic liver.
PMID: 26418287 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes Metab)
Source: Diabetes Metab - September 29, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Nilsson E, Matte A, Perfilyev A, de Mello VD, Käkelä P, Pihlajamäki J, Ling C Tags: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research
microRNAs as regulators of beta-cell function and dysfunction.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
PMID: 26418758 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes Metab)
Source: Diabetes Metab - September 29, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Osmai M, Osmai Y, Bang-Berthelsen CH, Pallesen EM, Vestergaard AL, Novotny GW, Pociot F, Mandrup-Poulsen T Tags: Diabetes Metab Res Rev Source Type: research
Sex-specific differences in hepatic fat oxidation and synthesis may explain the higher propensity for NAFLD in men.
CONCLUSIONS: The combination of lower dietary FA oxidation and a prolonged increase in DNL observed in men may represent partitioning of FA into esterification and storage pathways within the liver leading to greater VLDL-TG production and predispose to the sex difference in hepatic steatosis.
PMID: 26414963 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes Metab)
Source: Diabetes Metab - September 28, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Pramfalk C, Pavlides M, Banerjee R, McNeil CA, Neubauer S, Karpe F, Hodson L Tags: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research
Prevalence of hypertriglyceridemic waist and association with risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis.
CONCLUSION: The prevalence of HTGW has reached an alarming level and is closely associated with increased risk of T2DM in the general population, particularly among women and brown-skinned people.
PMID: 26417844 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes Metab)
Source: Diabetes Metab - September 28, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Ren Y, Luo X, Wang C, Yin L, Pang C, Feng T, Wang B, Zhang L, Li L, Yang X, Zhang H, Zhao J, Hu D Tags: Diabetes Metab Res Rev Source Type: research
The 2015 IWGDF guidance documents on prevention and management of foot problems in diabetes: development of an evidence-based global consensus.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
PMID: 26409930 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes Metab)
Source: Diabetes Metab - September 27, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Bakker K, Apelqvist J, Lipsky BA, Van Netten JJ, Schaper NC, International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) Tags: Diabetes Metab Res Rev Source Type: research
Evaluating the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on cardiovascular risk in persons with metabolic syndrome using the UKPDS risk engine.
CONCLUSION: MS was more common in subjects with T2DM compared with controls (irrespective of the diagnostic criteria used) and MS appears to increase the risk of a coronary event in subjects with T2DM by threefold. Also from this study, MS did not appear to cause an additional increase in the risk of stroke in subjects with T2DM.
PMID: 26396537 [PubMed] (Source: Diabetes Metab)
Source: Diabetes Metab - September 26, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Ogedengbe OS, Ezeani IU, Chukwuonye II, Anyabolu EN, Ozor II, Eregie A Tags: Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes Source Type: research
Causes and consequences of obesity: epigenetics or hypokinesis?
PMID: 26396538 [PubMed] (Source: Diabetes Metab)
Source: Diabetes Metab - September 26, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Graham MR, Baker JS, Davies B Tags: Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes Source Type: research
Assessment of knowledge and practice of community pharmacy personnel on diabetes mellitus management in Kathmandu district: a cross sectional descriptive study.
CONCLUSIONS: Laws and regulations regarding community pharmacy personnel need to be implemented. There should be more advanced and experiment based training. Additionally, the provision for further education curriculum in pharmacy education should be implemented which should intensively include disease and proper management. Guidelines covering diabetes care should be distributed and implemented throughout community pharmacies.
PMID: 26396963 [PubMed] (Source: Diabetes Metab)
Source: Diabetes Metab - September 26, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Shrestha M, Maharjan R, Prajapati A, Ghimire S, Shrestha N, Banstola A Tags: J Diabetes Metab Disord Source Type: research
Type 1 diabetes complicated with uncontrollable adult cyclic vomiting syndrome: a case report.
Abstract
We herein describe the case of a 29-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes from 10 years of age who developed adult cyclic vomiting syndrome. Beginning at 25 years of age, she was frequently hospitalized for stress-induced vomiting. Her vomiting episodes developed acutely and remitted after severe vomiting of more than 30 times a day for a few days. The vomiting periods were accompanied by leukocytosis with a predominance of neutrophils, high blood pressure and fever. In addition, it was noted that her levels of both adrenocorticotropic hormone and antidiuretic hormone during the vomiting attacks inc...
Source: Diabetes Metab - September 26, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Ogiso K, Koriyama N, Akao A, Otsuji M, Goto T, Fujisaki N, Minobe M, Kinowaki M, Matsuki S Tags: J Diabetes Metab Disord Source Type: research
