Glucagon - the new 'insulin' in the pathophysiology of diabetes.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Autoimmune destruction of the β cells is considered the key abnormality in type 1 diabetes mellitus and insulin replacement the primary therapeutic strategy. However, a lack of insulin is accompanied by disturbances in glucagon release, which is excessive postprandially, but insufficient during hypoglycaemia. In addition, replacing insulin alone appears insufficient for adequate glucose control. This review focuses on the growing body of evidence that glucagon abnormalities contribute significantly to the pathophysiology of diabetes and on recent efforts to target the glucagon ...
Source: Diabetes Metab - June 10, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Farhy LS, McCall AL Tags: Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care Source Type: research
Short-term effects of the whole-body vibration on the balance and muscle strength of type 2 diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy: a quasi-randomized-controlled trial study.
CONCLUSIONS: Application of WBV enhanced muscles strength and balance in patients with diabetes type 2-induced peripheral neuropathy. The changes may be due to muscle tuning hypothesis and altered postural control strategies.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: IRCT201106156806N1.
PMID: 26052508 [PubMed] (Source: Diabetes Metab)
Source: Diabetes Metab - June 10, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Kordi Yoosefinejad A, Shadmehr A, Olyaei G, Talebian S, Bagheri H, Mohajeri-Tehrani MR Tags: J Diabetes Metab Disord Source Type: research
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Macrosomia: A Literature Review.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Fetal macrosomia, defined as a birth weight ≥4,000 g, may affect 12% of newborns of normal women and 15-45% of newborns of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The increased risk of macrosomia in GDM is mainly due to the increased insulin resistance of the mother. In GDM, a higher amount of blood glucose passes through the placenta into the fetal circulation. As a result, extra glucose in the fetus is stored as body fat causing macrosomia, which is also called 'large for gestational age'. This paper reviews studies that explored the impact of GDM and fetal macrosomia as we...
Source: Diabetes Metab - June 8, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Kc K, Shakya S, Zhang H Tags: Ann Nutr Metab Source Type: research
Chlorogenic acid/chromium supplement rescues diet-induced insulin resistance and obesity in mice.
Abstract
Abdominal obesity is a major risk factor for insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Dietary fat induces insulin resistance in humans and rodents. The current study investigates whether a Chlorogenic acid/Chromium III supplement rescues obesity and insulin resistance caused by high-fat feeding of male C57BL/6 J mice for 7 weeks. Administering an oral daily dose of this supplement in the last 3 weeks of feeding reversed diet-induced body weight gain and insulin resistance, assessed by hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance and insulin intolerance. Indirect calorimetry analys...
Source: Diabetes Metab - June 8, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Ghadieh HE, Smiley ZN, Kopfman MW, Najjar MG, Hake MJ, Najjar SM Tags: Nutr Metab (Lond) Source Type: research
Osteoprotegerin in relation to insulin resistance and blood lipids in sub-Saharan African women with and without abdominal obesity.
CONCLUSION: The positive correlation of OPG with HDL-C and HOMA-IR, and its negative correlation with LDL-C suggest that it may be a marker of insulin sensitivity/resistance and atherogenic risk in obese African women.
PMID: 26034511 [PubMed] (Source: Diabetes Metab)
Source: Diabetes Metab - June 5, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Ayina Ayina CN, Sobngwi E, Essouma M, Noubiap JJ, Boudou P, Etoundi Ngoa LS, Gautier JF Tags: Diabetol Metab Syndr Source Type: research
