Targeting DNA repair for precision radiotherapy: Balancing the therapeutic ratio
Genomic instability is underpinned by defects in the DNA damage response and DNA repair pathways. Subsequent clonal selection and adaption can lead to a mutator phenotype and tumor aggression. Importantly, tumor cell sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiotherapy can depend highly on the cellular capacity to repair DNA damage within and between tumor types. Annotation of functional defects in DNA damage response and DNA repair function may allow for the development of novel prognostic biomarkers. This information could also be used to predict therapeutic response, including predicting responses following inhibition of DNA re...
Source: Current Problems in Cancer - April 24, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Osman Mahamud, Jonathan So, Melvin L.K. Chua, Robert G. Bristow Source Type: research
Targeting DNA Repair for Precision Radiotherapy – Balancing the Therapeutic Ratio
Genomic instability is underpinned by defects in the DNA damage response (DDR) and DNA repair pathways. Subsequent clonal selection and adaption can lead to a mutator phenotype and tumour aggression. Importantly, tumour cell sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiotherapy can depend highly on the cellular capacity to repair DNA damage within and between tumour types. Annotation of functional defects in DDR and DNA repair function may allow for the development of novel prognostic biomarkers. This information could also be used to predict therapeutic response, including predicting responses following inhibition of DNA repair. (...
Source: Current Problems in Cancer - April 24, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Osman Mahamud, Jonathan So, Melvin L.K. Chua, Robert G. Bristow Source Type: research
Targeting DNA damage response systems to impact cancer care
Every cell in our organism is constantly exposed to internal and external sources of damage that endanger genome stability. Maintaining DNA integrity by repairing DNA errors resulting from such damages is critical for cell survival. Cells react to DNA damage by activating a biological response to ensure the correct repair of genomic lesions. When a cell is unable to properly correct the damage, it undergoes programmed death, a sacrifice for the greater good of the organism. However, when these response mechanisms are defective, cells unable to repair damage or activate an apoptotic response end up with an unstable genome. ...
Source: Current Problems in Cancer - April 24, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Joaquin Mateo, Johann S. de Bono Tags: Invited Editorial Source Type: research
Multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma: A short review
Multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma (MCPM) is a rare neoplasm, predominantly affecting female patients during their reproductive years. The lesion is usually distributed diffusely in the abdomen and pelvis, but the peritoneum of the pelvic organs is the most common site. MCPM is composed of fluid-filled translucent cysts, connected by varying amounts of fibrous tissue, and lined by a layer of mesothelial cells. Due to the rarity of this disease, the pathogenesis and natural history of MCPM remain poorly understood and continuously debated. (Source: Current Problems in Cancer)
Source: Current Problems in Cancer - March 30, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Chi-hao Zhang, Ji-wei Yu, Meng Luo Source Type: research
Liver metastases from gastric carcinoma: A Case report and review of the literature
Gastric carcinoma (GC) is the fifth most common malignancy worldwide but the third leading cause of cancer death, and surgery remains the only curative treatment option. Prognosis of patients with liver metastases from gastric carcinoma (LMGC) is poor, and the optimal treatment of metastatic gastric cancer remains a matter of debate. In 2002, a 53-year-old male patient with GC and synchronous oligometastatic lesion in liver VIII segment underwent a total gastrectomy combined with metastasectomy. (Source: Current Problems in Cancer)
Source: Current Problems in Cancer - March 24, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Beata Polkowska-Pruszy ńska, Karol Rawicz-Pruszyński, Bogumiła Ciseł, Robert Sitarz, Grażyna Polkowska, Witold Krupski, Wojciech P. Polkowski Source Type: research
Liver metastases from gastric carcinoma. Case Report and Review of the literature
Gastric carcinoma (GC) is the fifth most common malignancy worldwide but the third leading cause of cancer death, and surgery remains the only curative treatment option. Prognosis of patients with liver metastases from gastric carcinoma (LMGC) is poor, and the optimal treatment of metastatic gastric cancer remains a matter of debate. In 2002 a 53-year-old male patient with GC and synchronous oligometastatic lesion in liver VIII segment underwent a total gastrectomy combined with metastasectomy. The pathological diagnosis was stage IV gastric adenocarcinoma (pT3N2M1), which was treated with adjuvant chemotherapy (PELF). (...
Source: Current Problems in Cancer - March 24, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Beata Polkowska-Pruszy ńska, Karol Rawicz-Pruszyński, Bogumiła Ciseł, Robert Sitarz, Grażyna Polkowska, Witold Krupski, Wojciech P. Polkowski Source Type: research
Inherited mutations in DNA repair genes and cancer risk
Although most cancer cases are due to somatic mutations, up to 10% of cases are attributable to germline mutations. This inherited cancer predisposition is mostly due to the loss of function of suppressor genes rather than the activation of oncogenes. Defects in DNA repair genes are the genetic events most commonly involved in hereditary cancers. The implementation of high-throughput sequencing in diagnostic testing has uncovered new predisposition genes. Furthermore, for some tumour types these sequencing techniques have also unveiled a prevalence of germline mutations significantly higher than previous estimations. (Sour...
Source: Current Problems in Cancer - March 22, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Nuria Romero, Elena Castro Source Type: research
Development of PARP inhibitors in gynecological malignancies
PARP inhibitors demonstrate synthetic lethality in tumors with BRCA1/2 mutations and other homologous recombination repair deficiencies by interfering with DNA repair and causing direct toxicity to DNA through PARP trapping. PARP inhibitors have been shown to be beneficial in the treatment of BRCA1/2-mutated ovarian cancers, which has led to a shift in the treatment paradigm of this disease. Further studies to establish the role of PARP inhibitors during earlier stages of treatment are ongoing. The use of PARP inhibitors in other cancers with homologous recombination repair deficiencies, such as breast cancer and prostate ...
Source: Current Problems in Cancer - March 16, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Yvonne L.E. Ang, David S.P. Tan Source Type: research
Development of PARP inhibitors in gynaecological malignancies
PARP inhibitors demonstrate synthetic lethality in tumours with BRCA1/2 mutations and other homologous recombination repair deficiencies by interfering with DNA repair and causing direct toxicity to DNA through PARP trapping. PARP inhibitors have been shown to be beneficial in the treatment of BRCA1/2 mutated ovarian cancers, which has led to a shift in the treatment paradigm of this disease. Further studies to establish the role of PARP inhibitors during earlier stages of treatment are ongoing. (Source: Current Problems in Cancer)
Source: Current Problems in Cancer - March 15, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Yvonne LE Ang, David SP Tan Source Type: research
Stem cell transplantation for immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis
Systemic chemotherapy aimed at eradicating transformed plasma cells is the mainstay of treatment for immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis (AL). Autologous stem cell transplantation (SCT) is a highly effective treatment for AL and can lead to long term survival in excess of 10 years in patients who achieve complete remission. Since AL is a unique disease characterized by multiple organ dysfunction, SCT poses unique challenges in this disease. Morbidity and mortality of SCT has remarkably improved over time primarily due to careful selection of patients and evolution of predictive and prognostic models based on serum immun...
Source: Current Problems in Cancer - March 15, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Taimur Sher, Morie A. Gertz Source Type: research
Stem cell transplantation for immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis
Immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis (AL) is a plasma cell dyscrasia characterized by extracellular deposition of amyloidogenic light chain fragments that result in progressive organ dysfunction. With a median survival of 12 –17 months AL is a fatal disease1 as death results from rapid clinical deterioration due to the involvement of heart, kidneys, liver and the gastrointestinal tract. Treatment of AL involves the use of antineoplastic therapy aiming at eradicating the underlying transformed plasma cells, the source of amyloidogenic light chains, and providing organ directed supportive care. (Source: Current Problems in Cancer)
Source: Current Problems in Cancer - March 14, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Taimur Sher, Morie A. Gertz Source Type: research
Effectiveness between early and late temporary ileostomy closure in patients with rectal cancer: A prospective study
A temporary stoma is often used in rectal cancer surgery to protect a distal anastomosis, which remains a major concern after rectal cancer surgery, particularly after low anterior resection. The temporary stoma is scheduled for closure. However, the optimal time of closure of the protecting stoma remains unclear because of sparse studies and data. We aimed to detect the efficacy between early and late temporary ileostomy closure in patients with rectal cancer during or after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. (Source: Current Problems in Cancer)
Source: Current Problems in Cancer - March 3, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Li Zhen, Yanan Wang, Ze Zhang, Tongwei Wu, Ruoyan Liu, Tingting Li, Liying Zhao, Haijun Deng, Xiaolong Qi, Guoxin Li Source Type: research
Effectiveness Between Early and Late Closure of Rectal Cancer Patients with Temporary Ileostomy: A Prospective Study
A temporary stoma is often used in rectal cancer surgery to protect a distal anastomosis, which remains a major concern after rectal cancer surgery, particularly after low anterior resection. The temporary stoma is scheduled for closure. However, the optimal time of closure of the protecting stoma remains unclear due to sparse studies and data. We aimed to detect the efficacy of between early and late temporary ileostomy closure in patients with rectal cancer during or after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACRT). (Source: Current Problems in Cancer)
Source: Current Problems in Cancer - March 2, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Li Zhen, Yanan Wang, Ze Zhang, Tongwei Wu, Ruoyan Liu, Tingting Li, Liying Zhao, Haijun Deng, Xiaolong Qi, Guoxin Li Source Type: research
Information for Readers
(Source: Current Problems in Cancer)
Source: Current Problems in Cancer - March 1, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Table of Contents
(Source: Current Problems in Cancer)
Source: Current Problems in Cancer - March 1, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
