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(Source: Current Problems in Cancer)
Source: Current Problems in Cancer - January 1, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in non –small cell lung cancer
The last decade has witnessed rapid advances in the discovery and development of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer medicine, particularly drugs targeting programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in non –small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The proven antitumor efficacy coupled with low rates of drug-related toxicities observed, albeit idiosyncratic, with these novel immunotherapeutics have led to the registration of multiple PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors, such as nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and atezolizuma b, in second-line advanced NSCLC, whereas durvalumab and avelumab are in late-phase clini...
Source: Current Problems in Cancer - December 22, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Rajiv Kumar, Dearbhaile Collins, Saoirse Dolly, Fiona McDonald, Mary E.R. O ’Brien, Timothy A. Yap Source Type: research
Targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 Axis in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
The last decade has witnessed rapid advances in the discovery and development of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer medicine, particularly drugs targeting programmed cell death 1 and programmed cell death ligand-1 in non-small cell lung cancer. The proven antitumor efficacy coupled with low rates of drug-related toxicities observed, albeit idiosyncratic, with these novel immunotherapeutics, have led to the registration of multiple programmed cell death 1 and programmed cell death ligand-1 inhibitors, such as nivolumab, pembrolizumab and atezolizumab, in second-line advanced non-small cell lung cancer, while durvalumab ...
Source: Current Problems in Cancer - December 22, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Rajiv Kumar, Dearbhaile Collins, Saoirse Dolly, Fiona McDonald, Mary E.R. O ′Brien, Timothy A. Yap Tags: Review article Source Type: research
Breast, prostate, and thyroid cancer screening tests and overdiagnosis
This study revealed no dichotomy on where screening would lower risk or cause overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Many screening tests did both, i.e., at population level, there were both benefit (decreased disease specific mortality) and harm (overdiagnosis and overtreatment). (Source: Current Problems in Cancer)
Source: Current Problems in Cancer - December 20, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Minsoo Jung Source Type: research
Renal complications of immune checkpoint blockade
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have been approved for a variety of cancer species. Renal complications in use of these agents are not very common compared with other immune related adverse events (irAE). However, it is crucial for physicians to recognize and manage renal manifestations of irAE. In this review, we will summarize the up-to-date knowledge of the clinical presentation, pathological features and management of renal irAE. In addition, we will discuss the safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with chronic kidney disease as well as in kidney transplant recipients. (Source: Current Problems in Cancer)
Source: Current Problems in Cancer - December 18, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Naoka Murakami, Shveta Motwani, Leonardo V. Riella Source Type: research
Cutaneous adverse effects of the immune checkpoint inhibitors
The immune checkpoint targeted agents, anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and anti-programed cell death-1 (PD-1)/anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors are frequently associated with cutaneous side effects, which are often dose-limiting and can lead to discontinuation of therapy. Ipilimumab, a CTLA-4 inhibitor, is most commonly associated with a morbilliform eruption on the trunk and extremities and pruritus. More severe cutaneous toxicities reported include toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and severe drug rash with eosinophila and systemic symptoms (DRESS). (Source: Current Problems in Cancer)
Source: Current Problems in Cancer - December 13, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Lindsey K. Collins, M. Shane Chapman, Joi B. Carter, Faramarz H. Samie Source Type: research
Prognostic and clinicopathological value of NM23 expression in patients with breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
It is hypothesized that, NM23, as a metastasis suppressor gene, may be a good indicator of breast cancer patients in most reports. The aim of our meta-analysis was to determine the prognostic value of NM23 in breast cancer patients synthetically, by searching three databases, PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science, for relevant articles. The inclusion criteria, exclusion criteria and the standard of quality assessment were used according to a previous protocol. The pooled odd ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95%CI were calculated to assess the primary endpoint, survival data, and the secondary endpoint, associations between NM23 ...
Source: Current Problems in Cancer - December 4, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Wei Han, Cong Zhang, Fei-yun Cao, Fang Cao, Lai Jiang, Hou-zhong Ding Source Type: research
Nelarabine-associated reversible Guillain-Barr é–like syndrome or myelopathy in an adult patient with primary refractory T-lymphoblastic lymphoma
Nelarabine is a purine analogue used for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma mainly as a bridge to stem cell transplantation. The water-soluble prodrug of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl guanine (Ara-G) is phosphorylated within leukemic cells to form ara-G triphosphate (ara-GTP), which terminates DNA chain elongation, resulting in cell death. The drug received accelerated approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on October 2005 based on the induction of complete remissions in 2 phase II trials. (Source: Current Problems in Cancer)
Source: Current Problems in Cancer - November 16, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Chrysavgi Lalayanni, Eirini Baldoumi, Sotiris Papayiannopoulos, Konstantia Tziola, Riad Saloum, Achilles Anagnostopoulos Source Type: research
Light-chain cardiac amyloidosis
Cardiac amyloidosis is an underrecognized condition, in which delays to diagnosis have great implications on management options, prognosis, and morbidity. Once cardiac tissue is infiltrated by amyloid fibrils, there is a cascade of pathologic changes that can display an array of clinical manifestations, from impaired relaxation of the ventricular myocardium to severe restrictive disease or even progressive systolic heart failure. Management is guided not only by recognizing the subtype of amyloidosis (primary, hereditary, and wild-type transthyretin amyloidosis), but also the clinical stage of the disease. (Source: Current Problems in Cancer)
Source: Current Problems in Cancer - November 16, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Anit K. Mankad, Isata Sesay, Keyur B. Shah Source Type: research
Nelarabine-associated reversible Guillain-Barr é-like syndrome/myelopathy in an adult patient with primary refractory T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma
Nelarabine is a purine analogue used for the treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) mainly as a bridge to stem cell transplantation (SCT). The water-soluble prodrug of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl guanine (Ara-G) is phosphorylated within leukemic cells to form ara-G triphosphate (ara-GTP), which terminates DNA chain elongation, resulting in cell death. The drug received accelarated approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on October 2005 based on the induction of complete remissions (CR) in two phase II trials. (Source...
Source: Current Problems in Cancer - November 16, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: C. Lalayanni, E. Baldoumi, S. Papayiannopoulos, K. Tziola, R. Saloum, A. Anagnostopoulos Source Type: research
Light chain cardiac amyloidosis
Cardiac amyloidosis is an under-recognized condition in which delays to diagnosis have great implications on management options, prognosis, and morbidity. Once cardiac tissue is infiltrated by amyloid fibrils, there is a cascade of pathological changes that can display an array of clinical manifestations, from impaired relaxation of the ventricular myocardium to severe restrictive disease or even progressive systolic heart failure. Management is guided not only by recognizing the subtype of amyloidosis (primary, hereditary, and wild-type transthyretin amyloidosis), but also the clinical stage of the disease. (Source: Curre...
Source: Current Problems in Cancer - November 16, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Anit K. Mankad, Isata Sesay, Keyur B. Shah Source Type: research
Immunotherapy in Ovarian Cancer
Immunotherapy aims to develop combination approaches that simultaneously augment immunity while preventing local immune suppression. Despite advances in combinatorial chemotherapy regimens and the advent of intraperitoneal chemotherapy administration, current therapeutic options for ovarian cancer patients are inadequate. Advances in immunotherapy offer a promising frontier for treating ovarian tumors. Multiple immunotherapeutic modalities are currently developed and tested in clinical trials. Antibody-based therapies, immune checkpoint blockade, cancer vaccines, and chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells have demonstr...
Source: Current Problems in Cancer - November 14, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Venkatesh Krishnan, Jonathan S. Berek, Oliver Dorigo Source Type: research
Genomic Insights in Gynecologic Cancer
Recent technological advances in DNA sequencing technology have enabled a remarkably detailed understanding of the molecular changes that define gynecologic and other cancers. Several groups have carried out large-scale genomic analyses of ovarian, uterine, and most recently, cervical cancer. These analyses have led to new insights into the molecular changes characterizing these cancers, which provides insight into clinical outcomes. These molecular characterizations have similarly led to new genomic-based classification schemas, which may better stratify clinical outcomes, help prognosticate and guide treatments. (Source:...
Source: Current Problems in Cancer - November 10, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Erika Roddy, Jocelyn Chapman Source Type: research
Targeting Fibroblast Growth Factor Pathways in Endometrial Cancer
Novel treatments that improve outcomes for patients with recurrent or metastatic endometrial cancer (EC) remain an unmet need. Aberrant signaling by fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) has been implicated in several human cancers. Activating mutations in FGFR2 have been found in up to 16% of ECs, suggesting an opportunity for targeted therapy. This review summarizes the role of the FGF pathway in angiogenesis and EC and provides an overview of FGFR-targeted therapies under clinical development for the treatment of EC. (Source: Current Problems in Cancer)
Source: Current Problems in Cancer - November 10, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Boris Winterhoff, Gottfried E. Konecny Source Type: research
Knowledge of cancer symptoms and anxiety affect patient delay in seeking diagnosis in patients with heterogeneous cancer locations
This research was aimed at identifying factors that predict patient delay in treatment initiation in patients with suspected cancer disease. We sought to determine the differences between delaying and non-delaying patients with reference to their knowledge of cancer symptoms, sociodemographic variables, and the levels of state-anxiety and trait-anxiety. (Source: Current Problems in Cancer)
Source: Current Problems in Cancer - October 30, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Gabriela Chojnacka-Szaw łowska, Mikołaj Majkowicz, Krzysztof Basiński, Agata Zdun-Ryżewska, Iwona Wasilewko, Piotr Pankiewicz Source Type: research
