The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Scaling of Primate Forearm Muscle Architecture as It Relates to Locomotion and Posture
ABSTRACT It has been previously proposed that distal humerus morphology may reflect the locomotor pattern and substrate preferred by different primates. However, relationships between these behaviors and the morphological capabilities of muscles originating on these osteological structures have not been fully explored. Here, we present data about forearm muscle architecture in a sample of 44 primate species (N = 55 specimens): 9 strepsirrhines, 15 platyrrhines, and 20 catarrhines. The sample includes all major locomotor and substrate use groups. We isolated each antebrachial muscle and categorized them into functional ...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - February 8, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Carissa L. Leischner, Michael Crouch, Kari L. Allen, Damiano Marchi, Francisco Pastor, Adam Hartstone ‐Rose Tags: Special Issue Article Source Type: research

Innervation of the Long Head of the Triceps Brachii in Humans —A Fresh Look
We examined studies reporting that the motor branch to the LHT in humans does not arise from the radial nerve as well as studies of the triceps in primates. Occasional variations of the innervation of skeletal muscles are normal, but a change of principal motor innervation from radial to axillary nerve has important implications. This is because the axillary nerve is often involved during shoulder injuries. The precise identification of the prevalence of axillary versus radial innervation is therefore clinically relevant for surgery, nerve drafting, and occupational and physical therapy. We conclude that the primary motor ...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - February 8, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Michael D. Wade, Arthur R. McDowell, Janine M. Ziermann Tags: Special Issue Article Source Type: research

Anatomical Basis of Differences in Locomotor Behavior in Martens: A Comparison of the Forelimb Musculature Between Two Sympatric Species of Martes
ABSTRACT Arboreal locomotion imposes selective pressures that may affect the evolution of the locomotor apparatus. The limbs have to be mobile to reach across discontinuities, yet at the same time need to be forceful to move against gravity during climbing. However, as intermediaries between the arboreal and terrestrial environment, semi‐arboreal mammals appear not extremely specialized and, thus, anatomical adaptations may be less evident than expected for arboreal climbers. Here, we present quantitative data on the muscle anatomy of the forelimbs (N = 14) of two closely related species of Mustelidae and relate the ...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - February 8, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Christine B öhmer, Anne‐Claire Fabre, Marc Herbin, Stéphane Peigné, Anthony Herrel Tags: Special Issue Article Source Type: research

Assessment of the Hindlimb Membrane Musculature of Bats: Implications for Active Control of the Calcar
In this study, we investigate variation in the membrane and limb musculature associated with the calcar, a neomorphic skeletal structure found in the hindlimbs of most bats. We use diffusible iodine‐based contrast‐enhanced computed tomography and standard histological techniques to examine the calcars and hindlimb membranes of three bat species that vary ecologically (Myotis californicus, a slow‐flying insectivore; Molossus molossus, a fast‐flying insectivore; and Artibeus jamaicensis, a slow‐flying frugivore). We also assess the level of mineralization of the calcar at muscle attachment sites to better understan...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - February 8, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Kathryn E. Stanchak, Sharlene E. Santana Tags: Special Issue Article Source Type: research

Mouse Hind Limb Skeletal Muscle Functional Adaptation in a Simulated Fine Branch Arboreal Habitat
ABSTRACT The musculoskeletal system is remarkably plastic during growth. The purpose of this study was to examine the muscular plasticity in functional and structural properties in a model known to result in significant developmental plasticity of the postcranial skeleton. Fifteen weanling C57BL/6 mice were raised to 16 weeks of age in one of two enclosures: a climbing enclosure that simulates a fine branch arboreal habitat and is traversed by steel wires crossing at 45° relative to horizontal at multiple intersections, and a control enclosure that resembles a parking deck with no wires but the same volume of habitable sp...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - February 8, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Joseph E. Rupert, J. Ethan Joll, Wiaam Y. Elkhatib, Jason M. Organ Tags: Special Issue Article Source Type: research

Does the Morphology of the Forelimb Flexor Muscles Differ Between Lizards Using Different Habitats?
In this study, we specifically investigated whether habitat use impacts the morphology of the forelimb flexor muscles in lizards. To do so, we performed dissections and quantified the physiological cross sectional area (PCSA), the fiber length, and the mass of four flexor muscles in 21 different species of lizards. Our results show that only the PCSA of the m. flexor carpi radialis is different among lizards with different ecologies (arboreal versus non‐arboreal). This difference disappeared, however, when taking phylogeny into account. Arboreal species have a higher m. flexor carpi radialis cross sectional area likely a...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - February 8, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Aur élien Lowie, Anthony Herrel, Virginia Abdala, Adriana S. Manzano, Anne‐Claire Fabre Tags: Special Issue Article Source Type: research

Functional Morphology and Behavioral Correlates to Postcranial Musculature
ABSTRACT In this the second issue of a two‐volume set of the Anatomical Record on the relationship between muscle functional morphology and behavior, the focus is on the postcranial musculature. Traditionally, when talking of the postcranium we think of the skeletal parts that primarily provide the lever system necessary for body movements. However, without the force produced by muscle, the postcranial skeleton could not perform these or most other tasks. In this special issue, our colleagues present ten papers that focus on postcranial muscle morphology and function from different perspectives. They include papers on fo...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - February 8, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Damiano Marchi, Adam Hartstone ‐Rose Tags: Special Issue Article Source Type: research

The Search for the Intersection of Form and Function: Looking for Clues into What Has Determined How, Why, and When Animals Came to Move the Way They Do
(Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology)
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - February 8, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Jeffrey T. Laitman Tags: Special Issue Article Source Type: research

The Anatomical Record Stretches Its Legs and Pumps Its Arms in Part II of Our Special Issue Examining Behavioral Adaptations in Muscle Functional Morphology
(Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology)
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - February 8, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Jeffrey T. Laitman, Kurt H. Albertine Tags: Special Issue / Editorial Source Type: research

Issue Information
(Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology)
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - February 8, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Issue Information Source Type: research

Cover Image
(Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology)
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - February 8, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Cover Image Source Type: research

Activation and migration of adventitial fibroblasts contributes to vascular remodeling
This study provides direct evidences that adventitial fibroblasts activate and migrate to the media and intima, then actively take part in revascularization. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology)
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - February 1, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Xiaowan Han, Aiming Wu, Jie Wang, Hong Chang, Yizhou Zhao, Yan Zhang, Yingqiu Mao, Lixia Lou, Yonghong Gao, Dongmei Zhang, Tong Li, Tao Yang, Lei Wang, Cuiling Feng, Mingjing Zhao Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

Ossification pattern in forelimbs of the Siamese crocodile (Crocodylus siamensis): Similarity in ontogeny of carpus among crocodylian species
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology)
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - January 30, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Martina Gregorovi čová, Alena Kvasilová, David Sedmera Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

Resveratrol Suppresses Rotenone Induced Neurotoxicity through Activation of SIRT1/Akt1 Signaling Pathway
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology)
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - January 19, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Hui Wang, Xiaoguang Dong, Zengxun Liu, Shaowei Zhu, Haili Liu, Wenchuang Fan, Yanlai Hu, Tao Hu, Yonghui Yu, Yizhao Li, Tianwei Liu, Chengjia Xie, Qing Gao, Guibao Li, Jing Zhang, Zhaoxi Ding, Jinhao Sun Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

Neuropeptide AF induces piecemeal degranulation in murine mucosal mast cells: A new mediator in neuro ‐immune communication in the intestinal lamina propria?
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology)
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - January 18, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Nada Abdellah, Samuel Van Remoortel, Omnia Mohey ‐Elsaeed, Mohamed‐Nabil Mostafa, Yasser A. Ahmed, Jean‐Pierre Timmermans, Roeland Buckinx Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research