The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Pelvic Rotation Effect on Human Stride Length: Releasing the Constraint of Obstetric Selection
ABSTRACT As human walking speed increases, pelvic step accounts for a greater percentage of total step length and is associated with an increase in amplitude of pelvic rotation. As a result, for any given speed individuals of varied pelvic width and leg length should differ in locomotor kinematics and energetic cost. Yet despite absolutely shorter legs and wider pelves relative to leg length in females, mass‐specific cost of transport in walking does not differ by sex. Focusing on stride length as the major component of gait economy, we perform a quantitative analysis of temporal, spatial and rotational gait parameters u...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - March 14, 2017 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Katherine K. Whitcome, E. Elizabeth Miller, Jessica L. Burns Tags: Special Issue Article Source Type: research

Pelvic Breadth and Locomotor Kinematics in Human Evolution
We examined 3D kinematics of walking at various speeds in 26 adult subjects to address the following questions: Do individuals with wider pelves take longer strides, and do they use a smaller degree of hip flexion and extension? Is pelvic rotation greater in individuals with shorter legs, and those with narrower pelves? Our results support Rak's hypothesis. Subjects with wider pelves do take longer strides for a given velocity, and for a given stride length they flex and extend their hips less, suggesting a smoother pathway of the COM. Individuals with shorter legs do use more pelvic rotation when walking, but pelvic bread...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - March 14, 2017 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Laura Tobias Gruss, Richard Gruss, Daniel Schmitt Tags: Special Issue Article Source Type: research

Kinematics of the Pelvis, Torso, and Lower Limb During Obstacle Negotiation While Under Temporal Constraints
ABSTRACT Biomechanics of unobstructed locomotion consists of synchronized complex movements of the pelvis, torso, and lower limbs. These movement patterns become more complex as individuals encounter obstacles or negotiate uneven terrain. To date, limited research has explored how specifically the pelvis, torso, and lower limb segments relate to obstacle negotiation of varying sized objects combined with temporal constraints to perform the task. Understanding pelvis and adjoining segment movements during object negotiation will provide necessary information in identifying abnormal mechanics and potential fall risk characte...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - March 14, 2017 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Jesse C. Christensen, Christopher R. Wilson, Andrew S. Merryweather, K. Bo Foreman Tags: Special Issue Article / AR WOW Video Source Type: research

The New “Obstetrical Dilemma”: Stunting, Obesity and the Risk of Obstructed Labour
This article explores how the double burden of malnutrition and the global obesity epidemic may be reshaping the obstetrical dilemma. First, short maternal stature increases the risk of obstructed labour, while early age at marriage also risks pregnancy before pelvic growth is completed. Second, maternal obesity increases the risk of macrosomic offspring. In some populations, short maternal stature may also promote the risk of gestational diabetes, another risk factor for macrosomic offspring. These nutritional influences are furthermore sensitive to social values relating to issues such as maternal and child nutrition, ge...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - March 14, 2017 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Jonathan C. K. Wells Tags: Special Issue Article Source Type: research

Pelvic Inlet Shape Is Not as Dimorphic as Previously Suggested
In this study, however, using skeletonized pelves of 378 adult individuals from three identified skeletal collections, the most common inlet shape for both males and females was android. In addition, when examining shape as a continuous variable, inlet shape is not sexually dimorphic in two of the three populations examined in this study. Based on the results of this study, the inlet shape for males and females is less dimorphic than previously thought, and we need to discontinue using pelvic categories to describe typical inlet shape. Anat Rec, 300:706–715, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: The Anatomical R...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - March 14, 2017 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Hillary Delprete Tags: Special Issue Article Source Type: research

Allometry and Sexual Dimorphism in the Human Pelvis
In this study, they aimed to disentangle and quantify the two components contributing to pelvic sex differences: the allometric component, which emerges as a consequence of dimorphism in stature, and the remaining non‐allometric sexual dimorphism component. A geometric morphometric analysis of a dense set of 3D landmarks, measured on 99 female and male adult individuals was conducted. While pelvis size was similar in both sexes, the average differences in pelvis shape reflected the well‐documented pattern of sexual dimorphism. There was almost no overlap between females and males in shape space. Their analysis showed t...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - March 14, 2017 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Barbara Fischer, Philipp Mitteroecker Tags: Special Issue Article Source Type: research

Human Variation in Pelvic Shape and the Effects of Climate and Past Population History
ABSTRACT The human pelvis is often described as an evolutionary compromise (obstetrical dilemma) between the requirements of efficient bipedal locomotion and safe parturition of a highly encephalized neonate, that has led to a tight fit between the birth canal and the head and body of the foetus. Strong evolutionary constraints on the shape of the pelvis can be expected under this scenario. On the other hand, several studies have found a significant level of pelvic variation within and between human populations, a fact that seems to contradict such expectations. The advantages of a narrow pelvis for locomotion have recentl...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - March 14, 2017 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Lia Betti Tags: Special Issue Article Source Type: research

Development of Modular Organization in the Chimpanzee Pelvis
ABSTRACT The bony pelvis of primates is a composite structure serving a variety of functions, and exhibiting a complex pattern of modularity and integration. Still little is known, however, about how patterns of modularity and integration arise, and how they change throughout ontogeny. Here we study the ontogeny of modularity and integration in developmental and functional units of the pelvis of our closest living relatives, the chimpanzees. We use methods of biomedical imaging and geometric morphometrics to quantify pelvic shape change from late fetal stages to adulthood, and to track changes in patterns of covariation wi...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - March 14, 2017 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Alik Huseynov, Marcia S. Ponce de Le ón, Christoph P. E. Zollikofer Tags: Special Issue Article Source Type: research

Morphological Integration of the Human Pelvis with Respect to Age and Sex
ABSTRACT Considerable research has shown that modern human pelvic dimensions, especially of the birth canal, are sexually dimorphic. Studies also suggest that females with younger ages‐at‐death have narrower canal dimensions than those who die at older ages, possibly due to continued independent growth of the pubis. A recent examination of this pattern argued that it is unlikely that these differences relate to mortality, but the source of the difference in pelvic dimensions with age remains unresolved. We use pelvic dimensions to assess differences in magnitudes of morphological integration between adult females and m...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - March 14, 2017 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Angela M. Mallard, Kristen R. R. Savell, Benjamin M. Auerbach Tags: Special Issue Article Source Type: research

Bilateral Asymmetry in the Human Pelvis
This study examines percentage directional (%DA) and absolute (%AA) asymmetry in 14 bilaterally paired dimensions of the pelvic canal, non‐canal pelvis, and femur in female (n = 111) and male (n = 126) skeletons from nine geographically dispersed skeletal samples. Directional asymmetries were uniformly low for all measures and lacked any consistent patterning across the variables, while %AA was highest in the pelvic canal, particularly the posterior aspects. Few sex differences and no population differences were found for %DA and %AA; however the latter was correlated with coefficients of variation across the 14 ...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - March 14, 2017 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Helen K. Kurki Tags: Special Issue Article Source Type: research

Ontogeny of the Human Pelvis
ABSTRACT The human pelvis has evolved over time into a remarkable structure, optimised into an intricate architecture that transfers the entire load of the upper body into the lower limbs, while also facilitating bipedal movement. The pelvic girdle is composed of two hip bones, os coxae, themselves each formed from the gradual fusion of the ischium, ilium and pubis bones. Unlike the development of the classical long bones, a complex timeline of events must occur in order for the pelvis to arise from the embryonic limb buds. An initial blastemal structure forms from the mesenchyme, with chondrification of this mass leading ...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - March 14, 2017 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Stefaan W. Verbruggen, Niamh C. Nowlan Tags: Special Issue Article Source Type: research

The Human Pelvis: Variation in Structure and Function During Gait
ABSTRACT The shift to habitual bipedalism 4–6 million years ago in the hominin lineage created a morphologically and functionally different human pelvis compared to our closest living relatives, the chimpanzees. Evolutionary changes to the shape of the pelvis were necessary for the transition to habitual bipedalism in humans. These changes in the bony anatomy resulted in an altered role of muscle function, influencing bipedal gait. Additionally, there are normal sex‐specific variations in the pelvis as well as abnormal variations in the acetabulum. During gait, the pelvis moves in the three planes to produce smooth and...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - March 14, 2017 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Cara L. Lewis, Natalie M. Laudicina, Anne Khuu, Kari L. Loverro Tags: Special Issue Article Source Type: research

Anatomy, Development, and Function of the Human Pelvis
ABSTRACT The pelvis is an anatomically complex and functionally informative bone that contributes directly to both human locomotion and obstetrics. Because of the pelvis’ important role in obstetrics, it is one of the most sexually dimorphic bony elements of the human body. The complex intersection of pelvic dimorphism, locomotion, and obstetrics has been reenergized by exciting new research, and many papers in this special issue of the pelvis help provide clarity on the relationship between pelvic form (especially female) and locomotor function. Compared to the pelvis of our ape relatives, the human pelvis is uniquely s...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - March 14, 2017 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Jeremy M. DeSilva, Karen R. Rosenberg Tags: Special Issue / Introduction Source Type: research

A Bone for All Seasons: The Human Pelvis
(Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology)
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - March 14, 2017 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Jeffrey T. Laitman Tags: Special Issue / Commentary Source Type: research

A Prism by Which to See How Humans Came to Be: The Anatomical Record Explores the Many Dimensions of the Human Pelvis
(Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology)
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - March 14, 2017 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Jeffrey T. Laitman, Kurt H. Albertine Tags: Special Issue Editorial Source Type: research