The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Effect of Lycopene and Rosmarinic Acid on Gentamicin Induced Renal Cortical Oxidative stress, Apoptosis and Autophagy in Adult Male Albino Rat
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology)
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - November 25, 2016 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Naglaa A. Bayomy, Reda H. Elbakary, Marwa A. A. Ibrahim, Eman Z. Abdelaziz Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

The Association of Forefoot Varus Deformity with Patellofemoral Cartilage Damage in Older Adult Cadavers
CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest a relationship between forefoot varus and medial PFJ cartilage damage in older adults. As forefoot varus may be modified with foot orthoses, these findings indicate a potential role for orthoses in the treatment of medial PFJ OA. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology)
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - November 23, 2016 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Rebecca S. Lufler, Joshua J. Stefanik, Jingbo Niu, F. Kip Sawyer, Todd M. Hoagland, K. Douglas Gross Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

An Untold Story: the Important Contributions of Muslim Scholars for the Understanding of Human Anatomy
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology)
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - November 22, 2016 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Malak A. Alghamdi, Janine M. Ziermann, Rui Diogo Tags: Review Source Type: research

Fetal development of the incisive canal, especially of the delayed closure due to the nasopalatine duct: A study using serial sections of human fetuses
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology)
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - November 18, 2016 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Ji Hyun Kim, Kyoko Oka, Zhe Wu Jin, Gen Murakami, Jos é Francisco Rodríguez‐Vázquez, Sung Woo Ahn, Hong Pil Hwang Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

Ionized calcium ‐binding adaptor molecule 1 positive macrophages and HO‐1 up‐regulation in intestinal muscularis resident macrophages
Conclusions: A new subset of resident macrophages in the intestinal muscularis externa was discovered, identified as iba1pos CD169neg. HO‐1 is constitutively present in most macrophages in serosa and at AP, suggesting a M2 phenotype. LPS‐treatment results in an up‐regulation of HO‐1pos/CD169neg cells in serosa and at AP. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology)
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - November 17, 2016 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Hanne B. Mikkelsen, Jan D. Huizinga, Jytte O. Larsen, Svend Kirkeby Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

Divided Zygomatic Bone in Primates With Implications of Skull Morphology and Biomechanics
In this study, the morphological and possible biomechanical consequences of the divided zygoma (DZ) were investigated in primates including rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), orangutans (Pongo abelii and P. pygmaeus), and modern humans (Homo sapiens). Results demonstrated that a unilateral supernumerary suture within the zygoma affected facial symmetry. The superior division of the divided zygoma was normally slender along with the adjacent frontal bone parts; while the inferior division of the divided zygoma was normally more robust, along with stronger temporal and maxillary bones. These were possible biomechanical conseq...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - November 14, 2016 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Qian Wang, Paul C. Dechow Tags: ARTICLE Source Type: research

Zygomatic Arch Cortical Area and Diet in Haplorhines
ABSTRACT The influence that various types of ingested foods have on the form (size and shape) of specific features of the masticatory system is an area in which many questions remain unanswered. The bony zygomatic arch, the focus of this study, is directly linked to the masticatory system because it serves as the anchor for the masseter muscle, a primary muscle of chewing and source of masticatory force. However, the influence of diet and the forces associated with different diet types on the arch's internal bone architecture is not well understood. Despite the breadth of work centered around the craniofacial complex and b...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - November 14, 2016 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Hallie Edmonds Tags: ARTICLE Source Type: research

The Mobility of the Human Face: More than Just the Musculature
This study was undertaken to clarify the morphological underpinnings of the increased mobility and display repertoire of the human face by investigating the SMAS (the superficial musculo‐aponeurotic system), a connective tissue layer enclosing the mimetic musculature located between the skin and deep fascia/periosteum. Full‐thickness samples from the face near the zygoma region from the anthropoids Homo sapiens (humans, N = 3), Pan troglodytes (chimpanzees, N = 3), Hylobates muelleri (gibbons, N = 1), and Macaca mulatta (rhesus macaque, N = 3) and the prosimians Tarsius bancanus (tarsiers, N = 1), a...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - November 14, 2016 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Anne M. Burrows, Carolyn R. Rogers ‐Vizena, Ly Li, Bryan Mendelson Tags: ARTICLE Source Type: research

Review of In Vivo Bone Strain Studies and Finite Element Models of the Zygomatic Complex in Humans and Nonhuman Primates: Implications for Clinical Research and Practice
ABSTRACT The craniofacial skeleton is often described in the clinical literature as being comprised of vertical bony pillars, which transmit forces from the toothrow to the neurocranium as axial compressive stresses, reinforced transversely by buttresses. Here, we review the literature on bony microarchitecture, in vivo bone strain, and finite‐element modeling of the facial skeleton of humans and nonhuman primates to address questions regarding the structural and functional existence of facial pillars and buttresses. Available bone material properties data do not support the existence of pillars and buttresses in humans ...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - November 14, 2016 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Felippe Bevilacqua Prado, Alexandre Rodrigues Freire, Ana Cl áudia Rossi, Justin A. Ledogar, Amanda L. Smith, Paul C. Dechow, David S. Strait, Tilman Voigt, Callum F. Ross Tags: ARTICLE Source Type: research

The Biomechanics of Zygomatic Arch Shape
ABSTRACT Mammalian zygomatic arch shape is remarkably variable, ranging from nearly cylindrical to blade‐like in cross section. Based on geometry, the arch can be hypothesized to be a sub‐structural beam whose ability to resist deformation is related to cross sectional shape. We expect zygomatic arches with different cross sectional shapes to vary in the degree to which they resist local bending and torsion due to the contraction of the masseter muscle. A stiffer arch may lead to an increase in the relative proportion of applied muscle load being transmitted through the arch to other cranial regions, resulting in eleva...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - November 14, 2016 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Amanda L. Smith, Ian R. Grosse Tags: ARTICLE Source Type: research

Elastic Properties of Chimpanzee Craniofacial Cortical Bone
ABSTRACT Relatively few assessments of cranial biomechanics formally take into account variation in the material properties of cranial cortical bone. Our aim was to characterize the elastic properties of chimpanzee craniofacial cortical bone and compare these to the elastic properties of dentate human craniofacial cortical bone. From seven cranial regions, 27 cylindrical samples were harvested from each of five chimpanzee crania. Assuming orthotropy, axes of maximum stiffness in the plane of the cortical plate were derived using modified equations of Hooke's law in a Mathcad program. Consistent orientations among individua...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - November 14, 2016 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Poorva Gharpure, Elias D. Kontogiorgos, Lynne A. Opperman, Callum F. Ross, David S. Strait, Amanda Smith, Leslie C. Pryor, Qian Wang, Paul C. Dechow Tags: ARTICLE Source Type: research

Internal Bone Architecture in the Zygoma of Human and Pan
In this study, µCT is used to characterize trabecular bone morphometry in two separate regions of the zygoma of humans and Pan. Trabecular anisotropy and orientation are compared with strain orientations observed in trabecular regions of finite element models of four Pan crania. The results of this study show that trabecular bone morphometry, anisotropy, and orientation are highly compatible with strain orientation and magnitude in the finite element models. Trabecular bone in the zygoma is largely orthotropic (with bone orientation differing in three mutually orthogonal directions), with its primary orientation lying in ...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - November 14, 2016 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Leslie Pryor McIntosh, David S. Strait, Justin A. Ledogar, Amanda L. Smith, Callum F. Ross, Qian Wang, Lynne A. Opperman, Paul C. Dechow Tags: ARTICLE Source Type: research

Membranous Support for Eyes of Strepsirrhine Primates and Fruit Bats
ABSTRACT Living primates have relatively large eyes and support orbital tissues with a postorbital bar (POB) and/or septum. Some mammals with large eyes lack a POB, and presumably rely on soft tissues. Here, we examined the orbits of four species of strepsirrhine primates (Galagidae, Cheirogaleidae) and three species of fruit bats (Pteropodidae). Microdissection and light microscopy were employed to identify support structures of the orbit. In bats and primates, there are two layers of fascial sheets that border the eye laterally. The outer membrane is the most superficial layer of deep fascia, and has connections to the P...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - November 14, 2016 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Brianna M. Harvey, Kunwar P. Bhatnagar, Robert J. Schenck, Alfred L. Rosenberger, Susan J. Rehorek, Anne M. Burrows, Valerie B. DeLeon, Timothy D. Smith Tags: ARTICLE Source Type: research

Eye Size and Set in Small ‐Bodied Fossil Primates: A Three‐Dimensional Method
ABSTRACT We introduce a new method to geometrically reconstruct eye volume and placement in small‐bodied primates based on the three‐dimensional contour of the intraorbital surface. We validate it using seven species of living primates, with dry skulls and wet dissections, and test its application on seven species of Paleogene fossils of interest. The method performs well even when the orbit is damaged and incomplete, lacking the postorbital bar and represented only by the orbital floor. Eye volume is an important quantity for anatomic and metabolic reasons, which due to differences in eye set, or position within (or o...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - November 14, 2016 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Alfred L. Rosenberger, Tim D. Smith, Valerie B. DeLeon, Anne M. Burrows, Robert Schenck, Lauren B. Halenar Tags: ARTICLE Source Type: research

The Periosteum of the Zygomatic Arch: Vascularization and Growth
ABSTRACT In addition to conveying the forces of attaching muscles and ligaments to the zygomatic and temporal bones, the arch periosteum is responsible for lateral apposition and medial resorption during the growth period. In this contribution, we describe the vasculature of the zygomatic arch in young pigs (Sus scrofa dom.) in order to understand the relationship of osseous and periosteal vessels to each other, to surrounding tissues, and to patterns of modeling. Subjects 2–6 weeks of age were perfused with vascular fill; some also received the vital bone label calcein. Whole mounts were prepared of the decalcified bony...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology - November 14, 2016 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Susan W. Herring, Pannee Ochareon Tags: ARTICLE Source Type: research