Automatic Detection of Mitosis and Nuclei From Cytogenetic Images by CellProfiler Software for Mitotic Index Estimation
The objective of this paper was to apply the CellProfiler open-source software for automatic detection of mitotic and nuclei figures from digitized images of cultured human lymphocytes for MI assessment, and to compare its performance to that performed through semi-automatic and visual detection. Lymphocytes were irradiated and cultured for mitosis detection. Sets of images from cultures were analyzed visually and findings were compared with those using CellProfiler software. The CellProfiler pipeline includes the detection of nuclei and mitosis with 80% sensitivity and more than 99% specificity. We conclude that CellProfi...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - December 22, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Gonzalez, J. E., Radl, A., Romero, I., Barquinero, J. F., Garcia, O., Di Giorgio, M. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
Radiation Dose Estimation by Automated Cytogenetic Biodosimetry
The dose from ionizing radiation exposure can be interpolated from a calibration curve fit to the frequency of dicentric chromosomes (DCs) at multiple doses. As DC counts are manually determined, there is an acute need for accurate, fully automated biodosimetry calibration curve generation and analysis of exposed samples. Software, the Automated Dicentric Chromosome Identifier (ADCI), is presented which detects and discriminates DCs from monocentric chromosomes, computes biodosimetry calibration curves and estimates radiation dose. Images of metaphase cells from samples, exposed at 1.4–3.4 Gy, that had been manually ...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - December 22, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Rogan, P. K., Li, Y., Wilkins, R. C., Flegal, F. N., Knoll, J. H. M. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
THE DECADE OF THE RABiT (2005-15)
We present here a brief historical overview of the RABiT program at Columbia University from its inception in 2005 until the RABiT was dismantled at the end of 2015. The main focus of this paper is to demonstrate how the biological assays drove development of the custom robotic systems and in turn new advances in commercial robotic platforms inspired small modifications in the assays to allow replacing customized robotics with ‘off the shelf’ systems. Currently, a second-generation, RABiT II, system at Columbia University, consisting of a PerkinElmer cell::explorer, was programmed to perform the RABiT assays an...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - December 22, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Garty, G., Turner, H. C., Salerno, A., Bertucci, A., Zhang, J., Chen, Y., Dutta, A., Sharma, P., Bian, D., Taveras, M., Wang, H., Bhatla, A., Balajee, A., Bigelow, A. W., Repin, M., Lyulko, O. V., Simaan, N., Yao, Y. L., Brenner, D. J. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
A New Cytogenetic Biodosimetry Image Repository for the Dicentric Assay
The BioDoseNet was founded by the World Health Organization as a global network of biodosimetry laboratories for building biodosimetry laboratory capacities in countries. The newly established BioDoseNet image repository is a databank of ~25 000 electronically captured images of metaphases from the dicentric assay, which have been previously analysed by international experts. The detailed scoring results and dose estimations have, in most cases, already been published. The compilation of these images into one image repository provides a valuable tool for training and research purposes in biological dosimetry. No special so...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - December 22, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Romm, H., Beinke, C., Garcia, O., Di Giorgio, M., Gregoire, E., Livingston, G., Lloyd, D. C., Martinez-Lopez, W., Moquet, J. E., Sugarman, S. L., Wilkins, R. C., Ainsbury, E. A. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
Non-human Primate Total-body Irradiation Model with Limited and Full Medical Supportive Care Including Filgrastim for Biodosimetry and Injury Assessment
An assessment of multiple biomarkers from radiation casualties undergoing limited- or full-supportive care including treatment with filgrastim is critical to develop rapid and effective diagnostic triage strategies. The efficacy of filgrastim with full-supportive care was compared with results with limited-supportive care by analyzing survival, necropsy, histopathology and serial blood samples for hematological, serum chemistry and protein profiles in a non-human primate (Macaca mulatta, male and female) model during 60-d post-monitoring period following sham- and total-body irradiation with 6.5 Gy 60Co gamma-rays at 0.6 G...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - December 22, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Ossetrova, N. I., Blakely, W. F., Nagy, V., McGann, C., Ney, P. H., Christensen, C. L., Koch, A. L., Gulani, J., Sigal, G. B., Glezer, E. N., Hieber, K. P. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
Modeling h-ars using hematological parameters: a comparison between the non-human primate and minipig
Multiple hematological biomarkers (i.e. complete blood counts and serum chemistry parameters) were used in a multivariate linear-regression fit to create predictive algorithms for estimating the severity of hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS) using two different species (i.e. Göttingen Minipig and non-human primate (NHP) (Macacca mulatta)). Biomarker data were analyzed prior to irradiation and between 1–60 days (minipig) and 1–30 days (NHP) after irradiation exposures of 1.6–3.5 Gy (minipig) and 6.5 Gy (NHP) 60Co gamma ray doses at 0.5–0.6 Gy min–1 and 0.4 Gy min–1, re...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - December 22, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Bolduc, D. L., Bünger, R., Moroni, M., Blakely, W. F. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
Evolution and Optimization of Tooth Models for Testing In Vivo EPR Tooth Dosimetry
Testing and verification are an integral part of any cycle to design, manufacture and improve a novel device intended for use in humans. In the case of testing Dartmouth's electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) in vivo tooth dosimetry device, in vitro studies are needed throughout its development to test its performance, i.e. to verify its current capability for assessing dose in individuals potentially exposed to ionizing radiation. Since the EPR device uses the enamel of human teeth to assess dose, models that include human teeth have been an integral mechanism to carry out in vitro studies during development and testing ...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - December 22, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Kobayashi, K., Dong, R., Nicolalde, R. J., Williams, B. B., Du, G., Swartz, H. M., Flood, A. B. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
ROC Analysis for Evaluation of Radiation Biodosimetry Technologies
Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis is a fundamental tool used for the evaluation and comparison of diagnostic systems that provides estimates of the combinations of sensitivity and specificity that can be achieved with a given technique. Along with critical considerations of practical limitations, such as throughput and time to availability of results, ROC analyses can be applied to provide meaningful assessments and comparisons of available biodosimetry methods. Accordingly, guidance from the Food and Drug Administration to evaluate biodosimetry devices recommends using ROC analysis. However, the existing li...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - December 22, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Williams, B. B., Flood, A. B., Demidenko, E., Swartz, H. M. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
Emergency EPR and OSL dosimetry with table vitamins and minerals
Several table vitamins, minerals and L-lysine amino acid have been preliminarily tested as potential emergency dosemeters using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) techniques. Radiation-induced EPR signals were detected in samples of vitamin B2 and L-lysine while samples of multivitamins of different brands as well as mineral Mg demonstrated prominent OSL signals after exposure to ionizing radiation doses. Basic dosimetric properties of the radiation-sensitive substances were studied, namely dose response, fading of the EPR or OSL signals and values of minimum measurable doses ...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - December 22, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Sholom, S., McKeever, S. W. S. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
Comparison of Continuous Wave and Rapid Scan X-band Electron Paramagnetic Resonance of Irradiated Clipped Fingernails
X-band rapid scan electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measures the free radicals in irradiated clipped fingernails with higher signal-to-noise (S/N) and lower standard deviation of the signal amplitude for replicate measurements than does conventional continuous wave (CW) EPR in the same measurement time. For a clipped fingernail sample irradiated to 10 Gy and data acquisition time of 30 s with B1 = 8.5 μT, the S/N for rapid scan is >2000 for the absorption spectrum and 1200 for the corresponding first derivative. The standard deviation for replicate measurements of signal amplitude is ~1%. For ...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - December 22, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Elajaili, H., McPeak, J., Romanyukha, A., Aggarwal, P., Eaton, S. S., Eaton, G. R. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
Surface Dielectric Resonators for X-band EPR Spectroscopy
A new resonator for X-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, which utilizes the unique resonance properties of dielectric substrates, has been developed using a single crystal of titanium dioxide. As a result of the dielectric properties of the crystal(s) chosen, this novel resonator provides the ability to make in vivo EPR spectroscopy surface measurements in the presence of lossy tissues at X-band frequencies (up to 10 GHz). A double-loop coupling device is used to transmit and receive microwave power to/from the resonator. This coupler has been developed and optimized for coupling to the resonator in t...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - December 22, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Petryakov, S. V., Schreiber, W., Kmiec, M. M., Williams, B. B., Swartz, H. M. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
Dielectric-Backed Aperture Resonators for X-Band in vivo EPR Nail Dosimetry
A new resonator for X-band in vivo EPR nail dosimetry, the dielectric-backed aperture resonator (DAR), is developed based on rectangular TE102 geometry. This novel geometry for surface spectroscopy improves at least a factor of 20 compared to a traditional non-backed aperture resonator. Such an increase in EPR sensitivity is achieved by using a non-resonant dielectric slab, placed on the aperture inside the cavity. The dielectric slab provides an increased magnetic field at the aperture and sample, while minimizing sensitive aperture resonance conditions. This work also introduces a DAR semi-spherical (SS)-TE011 geometry. ...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - December 22, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Grinberg, O., Sidabras, J. W., Tipikin, D. S., Krymov, V., Mariani, M., Feldman, M. M., Kmiec, M. M., Petryakov, S. V., Brugger, S., Carr, B., Schreiber, W., Swarts, S. G., Swartz, H. M. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
Possible nature of the radiation-induced signal in nails: high-field epr, confirming chemical synthesis, and quantum chemical calculations
Exposure of finger- and toe-nails to ionizing radiation generates an Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) signal whose intensity is dose dependent and stable at room temperature for several days. The dependency of the radiation-induced signal (RIS) on the received dose may be used as the basis for retrospective dosimetry of an individual's fortuitous exposure to ionizing radiation. Two radiation-induced signals, a quasi-stable (RIS2) and stable signal (RIS5), have been identified in nails irradiated up to a dose of 50 Gy. Using X-band EPR, both RIS signals exhibit a singlet line shape with a line width around 1.0 mT and a...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - December 22, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Tipikin, D. S., Swarts, S. G., Sidabras, J. W., Trompier, F., Swartz, H. M. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
The Application and Distribution of Magnetic Field Modulation in the Detection Apertures of X-band EPR Cavities for In Vivo Tooth Dosimetry
In vivo electron paramagnetic resonance tooth dosimetry could be a practical and ideal tool for quick mass triage of victims in the rescue following a disaster event involving irradiation radiation. Magnetic field modulation is an important issue to improve the sensitivity of X-band in vivo tooth dosimetry. We designed a couple of trapezoidal modulation coil sets fixed on the magnet poles that could be used to apply sufficient magnet field modulation into the detection aperture of the resonant cavity. Measurements of irradiated teeth with such coil sets demonstrated significant radiation-induced signals. The modulation gen...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - December 22, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Guo, J., Zou, J., Dong, G., Ma, L., Cong, J., Fan, K., Yang, G., Wu, K. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
Factors Affecting the Quality of Tooth Enamel for In Vivo EPR-Based Retrospective Biodosimetry
In vivo electron paramagnetic resonance biodosimetry on tooth enamel is likely to be an important technology for triage of overexposed individuals after a major radiological incident. The accuracy and robustness of the technique relies on various properties of the enamel such as the geometry of the tooth, the presence of restorations, whitening treatments or exposition to sunlight. Those factors are reviewed, and their influence on dosimetry specifically for triage purposes is discussed. (Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry)
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - December 22, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Desmet, C. M., Leveque, P., Gallez, B. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
