The eurados-kit training course on monte carlo methods for the calibration of body counters
Monte Carlo (MC) methods are numerical simulation techniques that can be used to extend the scope of calibrations performed in in vivo monitoring laboratories. These methods allow calibrations to be carried out for a much wider range of body shapes and sizes than would be feasible using physical phantoms. Unfortunately, nowadays, this powerful technique is still used mainly in research institutions only. In 2013, EURADOS and the in vivo monitoring laboratory of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) organized a 3-d training course to disseminate knowledge on the application of MC methods for in vivo monitoring. It was int...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - September 7, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Breustedt, B., Broggio, D., Gomez-Ros, J. M., Leone, D., Marzocchi, O., Poelz, S., Shutt, A., Lopez, M. A. Tags: paper Source Type: research
Experiences in developing a national dose register in finland and merging it with the overall supervisory data system
This article presents this work, the challenges in the project, the features of the new register and experiences in using it. There were several motivations for creating a new register. The technical implementation of the existing Dose Register needed to be reformed, and there was also a need to improve electronic communication and access to the recorded data. The development was challenging and took more time and effort than expected. Despite the challenges, the new system works quite reliably and enables the use of the registered data to more easily improve radiation safety. (Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry)
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - September 7, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Lehtinen, M., Alen, R., Kiuru, A. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
Investigations conducted among finnish radiation workers in 2004-13 and their effect on the recorded individual doses
Investigations are sometimes required to verify dose assessments or, where the reliability of the original results is known to be in question, to replace them with an estimate of the dose. In Finland, such investigations are conducted by three different parties: the Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK), the individual monitoring service (IMS) and the parties operating a radiation practice (the undertakings). The reasons for such investigations as well as the findings from them vary widely between different parties. To determine their usefulness, all investigations carried out on Finnish radiation workers by t...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - September 7, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Kiuru, A., Lehtinen, M., Alen, R. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
Occupational exposure to external radiation in switzerland
Individual monitoring for both external and internal exposures is well regulated in Switzerland. The article gives an overview on the occupational exposure to external radiation of workers based on the data collected in the Swiss national dose registry (NDR) in 2013. The NDR records the monthly doses of radiation workers since the introduction of ICRP 60 recommendations and is manifested in the Swiss ordinance since 1994. Annual dose limits for effective dose are typically exceeded once a year in Switzerland, mostly in medicine. The NDR is a useful optimisation tool to identify and characterise areas with the highest expos...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - September 7, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Mayer, S., Baechler, S., Damet, J., Elmiger, R., Frei, D., Giannini, S., Leupin, A., Sarott, F., Schuh, R. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
National dose register in france within the national information system siseri
Over the past decade, France has developed an electronic dose register at national level called SISERI. Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety is in charge of the management of this information system. Besides the main purpose of being a central register of any doses measured for the individual dosimetric monitoring of all exposed workers, SISERI has been developed so as to constitute a tool for occupational physicians and radiation protection officers allowing access in real-time to the results of the individual monitoring. The SISERI information system centralises, verifies and keeps the records of all ...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - September 7, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Scanff, P., Crescini, D., Roy, H., Billarand, Y., Rannou, A. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
Establishment of a national dose register and a dosimetry service approval system in ireland
Until the end of 2012, the Radiological Protection Institute of Ireland (RPII) operated a personal dosimetry service for workers in the medical, industrial, education and research sectors in Ireland. The data recorded by the RPII service were used to generate national dose statistics and as such acted as a National Dose Register (NDR). In preparation for the closure of the RPII dosimetry service in 2012, a formal NDR was introduced for the first time in Ireland and data on all monitored workers are now supplied to it annually by Approved Dosimetry Services. A new system for approving dosimetry services operating in Ireland...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - September 7, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Smith, V., Pollard, D., Fennell, S., Coyne, L. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
Internal doses of three persons staying 110 km south of the fukushima daiichi nuclear power station during the arrival of radioactive plumes based on direct measurements
The authors describe the results of direct measurements made on three persons who stayed in Tokai-mura, a village located ~110 km south of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS), during the arrival of significant radioactive plumes released from the FDNPS as a consequence of the Tohoku earthquake/tsunami/FDNPS accident in March 2011. These measurements were made using a NaI(Tl) spectrometer and a whole-body counter shortly after the accident. Their thyroid equivalent doses (131I) were estimated to be 0.9–1.4 mSv under the assumption of acute intake via inhalation on 15 March, when the first significant r...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - September 7, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Kurihara, O., Nakagawa, T., Takada, C., Tani, K., Kim, E., Momose, T. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
Determination of the internal exposure of greek citizens returning from japan immediately after the fukushima accident
Following the nuclear accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant on 11 March 2011, during the period 17 March to 25 October 2011, a total of 22 Greek citizens were measured after their return to Greece. Artificial radionuclides were detected in 5 of the 22 measured individuals by whole body counter measurements conducted 10 and 11 d after the commencement of the accident. Of the 5 contaminated individuals, 3 were adults and 2 children, aged 9 and 5 y, who stayed for a single day in Tokyo. Dose calculations were performed assuming that the sole exposure pathway was through inhalation that occurred on 14 March, ac...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - September 7, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Potiriadis, C., Kehagia, K., Kolovou, M., Nikolaki, M., Xarchoulakos, D., Mitrakos, D., Ntalla, E. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
The phe fortuitous dosimetry capability based on optically stimulated luminescence of mobile phones
The Public Health England fortuitous dosimetry capability is reviewed, with particular attention focussed on the derivation of its energy and fading corrections, the Monte Carlo techniques used to generate the calibration factors between phone and body doses, and the procedures set in place to facilitate a reliable and effective service. (Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry)
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - September 7, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Eakins, J. S., Hager, L. G., Kouroukla, E., Smith, R. W., Tanner, R. J. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
Study of the suitability of israeli household salt for retrospective dosimetry
The first results of an in-depth evaluation of the practical potential of common household Israeli salt as a retrospective dosemeter in the event of a nuclear accident or terror attack are presented. Ten brands of salt were investigated with emphasis on four of the bestselling brands that constitute 76 % of the total consumer market. Eight of the ten brands show similar glow curves with two main glow peaks at maximum temperatures of ~176°C and ~225°C measured at a heating rate of 1°C s–1. Chemical analysis of three major brands indicates substantial impurity levels of 200–500 ppm of Ca, K, Mg and S ...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - September 7, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Datz, H., Druzhyna, S., Oster, L., Orion, I., Horowitz, Y. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
Lessons learned from the eurados survey on individual monitoring data and internal dose assessments of foreigners exposed in japan following the fukushima daiichi npp accident
European Radiation Dosimetry Group e.V. (EURADOS) survey on individual monitoring data and dose assessment has been carried out for 550 foreigners returning home after being exposed in Japan to intakes of radionuclides (mainly 131I, 132I, 132Te, 134Cs and 137Cs) as a consequence of the Fukushima Daiichi NPP accident. In vivo and in vitro measurements were performed in their respective countries at an early stage after that accident. Intakes of radionuclides were detected in 208 persons from Europe and Canada, but the committed effective dose E(50) was below the annual dose limit for the public (<1 mSv) in all the cases....
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - September 7, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Lopez, M. A., Fojtik, P., Franck, D., Osko, J., Gerstmann, U., Scholl, C., Lebacq, A. L., Breustedt, B., del Risco Norrlid, L. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
Integrated circuits from mobile phones as possible emergency osl/tl dosimeters
In this article, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) data are presented from integrated circuits (ICs) extracted from mobile phones. The purpose is to evaluate the potential of using OSL from components in personal electronic devices such as smart phones as a means of emergency dosimetry in the event of a large-scale radiological incident. ICs were extracted from five different makes and models of mobile phone. Sample preparation procedures are described, and OSL from the IC samples following irradiation using a 90Sr/90Y source is presented. Repeatability, sensitivity, dose responses, minimum measureable doses, stabili...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - September 7, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Sholom, S., McKeever, S. W. S. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
Optimisation of scatter radiation to staff during ct-fluoroscopy: monte carlo studies
This study aims to investigate staff dose reduction techniques considering the CTF gantry positioning in the room and room dimensions in addition to the conventional use of thyroid collars, aprons and eye goggles. A Toshiba Aquilion One 640 slice CT scanner and CTF room were modelled using SimpleGeo. Standing and supine adult mesh phantoms were used to represent the staff and patient. The models were spatially put together on one platform using VOXEL2MCNP. Based on this, MCNPX input files were generated for the studies. CTF gantry and staff positions, and CTF room size were varied for different scenarios. Effective, eye le...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - September 7, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Gyekye, P. K., Becker, F., Mensah, S. Y., Emi-Reynolds, G. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
Individual dosimetry in disposal repository of heat-generating nuclear waste
In this study, the general-purpose Monte Carlo N-Particle code MCNP6 (Pelowitz, D. B. (ed). MCNP6 user manual. LA-CP-13-00634, Rev. 0 (2013)) was applied to simulate a representative radiation field in a disposal facility. A tool to estimate the personal dose was then proposed by taking into account the influence of individual motion sequences during working scenarios. As basis for this approach, a movable whole-body phantom was developed to describe individual body gestures of the workers during motion sequences. In this study, the proposed method was applied to the German concept of geological disposal in rock salt. The ...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - September 7, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Pang, B., Sauri Suarez, H., Becker, F. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
Study of doses to hippocampus of interventional cardiologists and their implication for dosimetric monitoring
Dosimetric monitoring and protection of the personnel involved into interventional procedures is one of the key issues nowadays, yet doses received by their brains were left without rigorous consideration so far. The paper is the fast track of the results of the pilot study of possible magnitude of operator's doses with particular focus on difference between doses in left and right hippocampi and their relation to effective doses of personnel using protective aprons. Monte Carlo simulation of irradiation in a typical interventional cardiology (IC) operation room shows that for standard C-arm angulations difference in doses...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - September 7, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Chumak, V., Morgun, A., Bakhanova, E., Voloskyi, V. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
