Estimation of early internal doses to fukushima residents after the nuclear disaster based on the atmospheric dispersion simulation
This article also presents the development of a prototype system for estimating the internal dose based on the simulations. (Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry)
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - December 1, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Kim, E., Tani, K., Kunishima, N., Kurihara, O., Sakai, K., Akashi, M. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
Paediatric ct exposure practice in the county of rio de janeiro: the need to establish diagnostic reference levels
A pilot study of dose indicators in paediatric computed tomography (CT) was conducted to prove the need to establish diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for the county of Rio de Janeiro. The dose descriptors were estimated from the beam dosimetry by applying the protocols used in each examination. The total patient sample included 279 children. Regarding the comparison of the dose-length product values among the hospitals, the high-resolution chest CT scans were distinguished among the three types of examinations, due to the discrepancies of 1148 % (1–5 y age group) and 2248 % (5–10 y age group) presented in Hos...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - December 1, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: de Jesus, F. M., Magalhaes, L. A. G., Kodlulovich, S. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
On-field evaluation of operator lens protective devices in interventional radiology
The recent publication of the Euratom Directive 2013/59, adopting the reduction of eye lens dose limits from 150 to 20 mSv y–1, calls for the development of new tools and methodologies for evaluating the eye lens dose absorbed by the medical staff involved in interventional radiology practices. Moreover, the effectiveness of the protective devices, like leaded glasses, which can be employed for radiation protection purposes, must be tested under typical exposure scenarios. In this work, eye lens dose measurements were carried out on an anthropomorphic phantom simulating a physician bound to perform standard intervent...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - December 1, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Strocchi, S., Chiaravalli, A., Veronese, I., Novario, R. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
Monitoring dose-length product in computed tomography of the chest considering sex and body weight
Dose–length product (DLP) is widely used as an indicator of the radiation dose in computed tomography. The aim of this study was to investigate the significance of sex and body weight in DLP-based monitoring of the radiation dose. Eight hundred computed tomographies of the chest performed using four different scanners were analysed. The DLP was compared with body weight by linear regression in men and women separately. The DLP was positively correlated with body weight, and dependence on sex and weight differed among scanners. Standard DLP values adjusted for sex and weight facilitated interscanner comparison of the ...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - December 1, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Inoue, Y., Nagahara, K., Hayakawa, N., Hanawa, H., Hata, H. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
Computed tomography dose index measurement for hi-art megavoltage helical ct
On-line megavoltage computed tomography (MVCT) images are used to verify patient daily set-up in Hi-ART helical TomoTherapy unit. To evaluate the patient dose from MVCT scanning in image guidance, weighted computed tomography (CT) dose index (CTDIw) was measured with PTW TM30009 CT pencil chamber in head and body phantoms for slice thicknesses of 2, 4 and 6 mm with different scan lengths. Dose length products (DLPs) were subsequently calculated. The CTDIw and DLP were compared with XVI kV CBCT and Brilliance simulator CT for routine clinical protocols. It was shown that CTDI and DLP had close relationship with the slice th...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - December 1, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Liu, M., Wang, Y., Liao, X. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
Scattered x-ray energy data from integrated multi-filter personal dosemeters worn by interventional radiology staff
The accuracy and usability of scattered X-ray energy data obtained from multi-filter dosemeters were investigated by comparing the data with results obtained via Monte Carlo simulation. The energy data, which were read from integrated personal dosemeters used by interventional radiology (IR) staff in individual monitoring, were plotted against relative frequency and statistically assessed. The effective energy obtained from the multi-filter dosemeters was inversely proportional to detector size and lower than the results of the Monte Carlo simulation. All distributions of scattered X-ray energy to which the IR staff were e...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - December 1, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Mori, H. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
Comparison of computational phantoms and investigation of the effect of biodistribution on activity estimations
A comparison was made between two computational phantoms, modelled from the unified phantom UPh-08 T, for whole-body counting applications. One of these was further compared with the International Commission on Radiological Protection reference adult male computational phantom. The simulations that were performed for the comparison of all three voxel phantoms use various distributions of 60Co. The two voxel phantoms of the UPh-08 T showed good agreement, despite different methods of phantom modelling. Also, effects on efficiency of the inhomogeneous distribution of a radionuclide in the computational UPh-08 T phantom were ...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - December 1, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Cartemo, P., Nilsson, J., Isaksson, M., Nordlund, A. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
Ghsi emergency radionuclide bioassay laboratory network: summary of a recent exercise
The Global Health Security Initiative (GHSI) established a laboratory network within the GHSI community to develop their collective surge capacity for radionuclide bioassay in response to a radiological or nuclear emergency. A recent exercise was conducted to test the participating laboratories for their capabilities in screening and in vitro assay of biological samples, performing internal dose assessment and providing advice on medical intervention, if necessary, using a urine sample spiked with a single radionuclide, 241Am. The laboratories were required to submit their reports according to the exercise schedule and usi...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - December 1, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Li, C., Ansari, A., Bartizel, C., Battisti, P., Franck, D., Gerstmann, U., Giardina, I., Guichet, C., Hammond, D., Hartmann, M., Jones, R. L., Kim, E., Ko, R., Morhard, R., Quayle, D., Sadi, B., Saunders, D., Paquet, F. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
THE INFLUENCE OF PRE- AND POST-IRRADIATION ANNEALING ON LiF:Mg,Cu,P STABILITY
The influence of pre- and post-irradiation annealing procedures on LiF:Mg,Cu,P (trade name MCP-N) thermoluminescent detector stability was investigated. The detectors were processed in four groups, undergoing complete or incomplete preparation cycles (containing pre- and/or post-irradiation annealing in various combinations). Each cycle was repeated 10 times. The decrease in the stability was observed in groups with pre-irradiation annealing procedure, and not observed in other groups that were found to be apparently stable. The influence of the thermal history on the properties of the detectors was also investigated by sw...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - December 1, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Matusiak, K., Patora, A., Jung, A. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
Development of the new glass badge
The glass dosemeter, which is a component of the glass badge (GB), is used on the basis of radiophotoluminescence phenomenon. Chiyoda Technol Corporation has been providing it for personal monitoring services since the year 2000. Through the experience acquired over 15 y, Chiyoda Technol Corporation has developed the New GB, which was brought into service in Japan for radiation monitoring in January 2014. The New GB was developed with the aim of improving radiation measurement methods, streamlining the provision of GB monitoring services and realising a user-friendly dosemeter. As the result, in this study, the measurable ...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - December 1, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Maki, D., Ube, M., Nagashima, Y., Shinozaki, W., Ueno, S., Koguchi, Y., Takeuchi, N. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
A shortcut formula for the 230-mev proton-induced neutron dose equivalent in concrete after a metal shield, derived from monte carlo simulations with mcnpx
Monte Carlo simulations were performed with MCNPX to determine the neutron dose equivalent in thick concrete after a metal shield, a double-layered shielding configuration. In the simulations, a 230-MeV proton beam impinging on a copper target was used to produce the neutrons. For forward angles up to 30° with respect to the proton beam, it is found that the neutron dose equivalent in thick concrete after a metal layer can be expressed in a single formula. This single formula being the neutron dose equivalent formula for a single thick concrete shield enhanced with an additional exponential term. The exponent of this a...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - December 1, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Taal, A., van der Kooij, A., Okx, W. J. C. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
Neutron generator facility at sfu: geant4 dose rate prediction and verification
Detailed dose rate maps for a neutron generator facility at Simon Fraser University were produced via the GEANT4 Monte Carlo framework. Predicted neutron dose rates throughout the facility were compared with radiation survey measurements made during the facility commissioning process. When accounting for thermal neutrons, the prediction and measurement agree within a factor of 2 or better in most survey locations, and within 10 % inside the vault housing the neutron generator. (Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry)
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - December 1, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Williams, J., Chester, A., Domingo, T., Rizwan, U., Starosta, K., Voss, P. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
MICRODOSIMETRIC MEASUREMENTS OF A TISSUE-EQUIVALENT PROPORTIONAL COUNTER BASED ON A GAS ELECTRON MULTIPLIER DOWN TO 140 nm SIMULATED SITE SIZES
A multi-element tissue-equivalent proportional counter (TEPC), based on a gas electron multiplier, has been constructed with several cavities of small dimensions (down to 0.5 mm of diameter), to be used for microdosimetric measurements in intense, pulsed, radiation fields. First micro- and nano-dosimetric spectra with low-energy X rays in various simulated tissue site sizes are presented. The specific advantages and the calibration methods of this type of TEPC are discussed. (Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry)
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - December 1, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Farahmand, M., De Nardo, L. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
Two factors influencing dose reconstruction in low dose range: the variability of bkg intensity on one individual and water content
This article presents two factors influencing dose reconstruction in low dose range: the variability of background signal (BKG) intensity on one individual and water content. Comparing the EPR spectrum of dried and humidified fingernail samples, it is necessary to add a procedure of dehydration before EPR measurements, so as to eliminate the deviation caused by water content. Besides, the BKGs of different fingers' nails are not the same as researchers thought previously, and the difference between maximum and minimum BKG intensities of one individual can reach 55.89 %. Meanwhile, the variability of the BKG intensity among...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - December 1, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Zhang, T., Zhang, W., Zhao, Z., Zhang, H., Ruan, S., Jiao, L. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
Dynamic response of ccd array spectroradiometers
A number of factors affect the measurements by charge coupled (CCD) array spectroradiometers, including stray light, dynamic response and ambient temperature. The departure from linearity was assessed for four CCD array spectroradiometers and linearity correction calculated with standard uncertainties error estimates. A fixed irradiance source supplemented with neutral density filters was used to allow tests to cover a full range of operational conditions. The dependence of the dynamic response on well depth and integration time was investigated. One spectroradiometer exhibited an accumulated departure from linearity of ~2...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - December 1, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Baczynska, K. A., Price, L. L. A., Khazova, M. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
