Cloning, Expression and Purification of Hyperthermophile α-amylase from
An α-amylase gene recognized in the reported genome sequence of Pyrococcus woesei was amplified and cloned into pTYB2 vector to generate the recombinant plasmid pTY- α-amylase. Escherichia coli BL-21 (DE3) was transformed with this plasmid and the enzyme was expressed over induction with IPTG. The expressed protein appeared at a position corresponding to ∼100 kDa on SDS-PAGE with intein tag. Amylolytic activity of proteins produced by transformed E. coli cells was detected by Zymogram and the rate of active α-amylase with and without intein in both soluble condition and inclusion body solubilized by 4M urea solution w...
Source: Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives - October 21, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Reza Mohebi Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Modeling Chagas Disease at Population Level to Explain Venezuela's Real Data
In this paper we present an age-structured epidemiological model for Chagas disease. This model includes the interactions between human and vector populations that transmit Chagas disease. (Source: Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives)
Source: Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives - October 16, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Gilberto González-Parra, Benito M. Chen-Charpentier, Moises Bermúdez Tags: Original article Source Type: research

Modeling Chagas disease at population level to explain Venezuela’s real data
In this paper we present an age-structured epidemiological model for Chagas disease. This model includes the interactions between human and vector populations that transmit Chagas disease. The human population is divided into age groups since the proportion of infected individuals in this population changes with age as shown by real prevalence data. Moreover, the age-structured model allows to have more accurate information regarding the prevalence which can help to design more specific control programs. (Source: Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives)
Source: Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives - October 16, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Gilberto González-Parra, Benito M. Chen-Charpentier, Moises Bermúdez Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Epidemics of Norovirus GII.4 Variant in Outbreak Cases in Korea, 2004–2012
Norovirus GII.4 is recognized as a worldwide cause of nonbacterial outbreaks. In particular, the GII.4 variant occurs every 2–3 years according to antigenic variation. The aim of our study was to identify GII.4 variants in outbreaks in Korea during 2004–2012. Partial VP1 sequence of norovirus GII.4-related outbreaks during 2004–2012 was analyzed. The partial VP1 sequence was detected with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, seminested polymerase chain reaction, and nucleotide sequence of 312-314 base pairs for phylogenetic comparison. (Source: Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives)
Source: Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives - October 14, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Sunyoung Jung, Hyun Ju Jeong, Bo-Mi Hwang, Cheon-Kwon Yoo, Gyung Tae Chung, Hyesook Jeong, Yeon-Ho Kang, Deog-Yong Lee Tags: Brief report Source Type: research

Exposure of Infants to Aflatoxin M1 from Mother's Breast Milk in Ilam, Western Iran
Aflatoxins (AFs) as a highly toxic group of mycotoxins are present in the environment and foodstuff. AFs have been reported to cause serious health problems in humans. Since aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is excreted into breast milk, investigating the exposure of infants to AFM1 is of special concern. (Source: Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives)
Source: Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives - October 14, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Farajollah Maleki, Soghra Abdi, Elaham Daoodian, Karimeh Haghani, Salar Bakhtiyari Source Type: research

Epidemics of norovirus GII.4 variants in outbreak cases in Korea, 2004-2012
Norovirus (NoV) GII.4 are recognized as a worldwide cause nonbacterial outbreaks. In particular, GII.4 occur variant every two to three years according to antigenic variation. The aim of our study was identified to GII.4 variants in outbreaks in Korea, 2004-12. Partial VP1 sequence of NoV GII.4-related outbreaks was analyzed 2004 to 2012. Partial VP1 were detected with RT-PCR and semi-nested PCR, and nucleotide of 312-314 base pairs sequenced for phylogenetic comparison. Nine variants were emerged in outbreaks, with the Sydney variant showing predominance recently. (Source: Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives)
Source: Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives - October 14, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Sunyoung Jung, Hyun Ju Jeong, Bo-Mi Hwang, Cheon-Kwon Yoo, Gyung Tae Chung, Hyesook Jeong, Yeon-Ho Kang, Deog-Yong Lee Tags: Brief Report Source Type: research

Occurrence of Norovirus GII.4 Sydney Variant-related Outbreaks in Korea
In this study, we report the epidemiological features of three outbreak cases of norovirus in Korea, and we describe the clinical symptoms and distribution of the causative genotypes. The incidence rates of the three outbreaks were 16.24% (326/2,007), 4.1% (27/656), and 16.8% (36/214), respectively. The patients in these three outbreaks were affected by acute gastroenteritis. These schools were provided unheated food from the same manufacturing company. (Source: Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives)
Source: Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives - October 13, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Sunyoung Jung, Bo-Mi Hwang, Hyun Ju Jeong, Gyung Tae Chung, Cheon-Kwon Yoo, Yeon-Ho Kang, Deog-Yong Lee Tags: Brief report Source Type: research

Occurrence of norovirus GII.4 Sydney variant related three outbreaks in Korea
In this study, we reported epidemiological feature of 3 outbreak cases of norovirus in Korea, and describe the clinical symptom and distribution of causative genotypes.The incidence rates of A, B, C outbreaks were 16.24% (326/2,007), 4.1% (27/656) and 16.8% (36/214), respectively. The patients in these three outbreaks were affected by acute gastroenteritis. These schools were provided from same manufacturing company to unheated-food. (Source: Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives)
Source: Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives - October 13, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Sunyoung Jung, Bo-Mi Hwang, Hyun Ju Jeong, Gyung Tae Chung, Cheon-Kwon Yoo, Yeon-Ho Kang, Deog-Yong Lee Tags: Brief Report Source Type: research

Norovirus outbreaks occurred in different settings in the Republic of Korea
Norovirus is major cause of epidemic acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis in human in the worldwide. Norovirus infection is common in all age groups and characterized by a low infection dose and efficient transmission with typical fecal-oral routes, besides airborne spread and environmental contamination [1–3]. Human norovirus GII.4 was prominent in all genogroup and genotype and GII.4 variants were divided into 13 sub-cluster types along with epidemic year and genetic characterization. Especially, GII.4 Sydney strain, named as 2012 variant, was relatively new and predicted next prominent strain [4–6]. (Source: Osong Pub...
Source: Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives - October 1, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreak in the Republic of Korea, 2015
The outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection in the Republic of Korea started from the index case who developed fever after returning from Middle East. He infected 26 cases in Hospital C, and consecutive nosocomial transmission proceeded throughout the nation. We provide an epidemiologic description of the outbreak, as of July 2015. (Source: Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives)
Source: Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives - September 5, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Seung Woo Kim, Tae Un Yang, Yoolwon Jeong, Jung Wan Park, Keon-Joo Lee, Kyung Min Kim, Jongseok Oh, Yong-shik Park, Woncheol Lee, Jong Rak Jung, Changhwan Lee, Joonkee Lee, Heun Choi, WooSuck Suh, Dae-Won Kim, Hoon gil Jo, Minsung Kim, Jungmo Ahn, Kanghyo Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Editorial
It was a total surprise to everybody! Since late May 2015, we have observed an imported pathogen make a huge impact on the general public and economy of the Republic of Korea, which has one the most advanced medical and public health systems in the world. Nobody expected Korea to be in second place on the list of countries with the highest incidence of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), right after Saudi Arabia. The Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) has been at the center of this unprecedented event. (Source: Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives)
Source: Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives - August 26, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Hae-Wol Cho Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome in Korea?
It was a total surprise to everybody! Since late May 2015, we have observed an imported pathogen make a huge impact on the general public and economy of the Republic of Korea, which has one the most advanced medical and public health systems in the world. Nobody expected Korea to be in second place on the list of countries with the highest incidence of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), right after Saudi Arabia. The Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) has been at the center of this unprecedented event. (Source: Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives)
Source: Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives - August 26, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu Tags: EDITORIAL Source Type: research

MERS Outbreak in Korea?
It was a total surprise to everybody. Since late May, we have observed an imported pathogen give a huge impact to the general public and economy of the Republic of Korea (ROK), which has one the most advanced medical and public health system in the world. Nobody expects ROK put in the podium of the second place in the list of MERS incidences right after Saudi Arabia. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) has been in the center of this unprecedented event. We have seen the unbelievable commitments of the members of Division of Epidemic Intelligence Service in KCDC and MERS outbreak investigation team. (Sou...
Source: Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives - August 26, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu Source Type: research

Expression of Recombinant pET22b-LysK-Cysteine/Histidine-Dependent Amidohydrolase/Peptidase Bacteriophage Therapeutic Protein in
Bacteriophage-encoded endolysins are a group of enzymes that act by digesting the peptidoglycan of bacterial cell walls. LysK has been reported to lyse live staphylococcal cultures. LysK proteins containing only the cysteine/histidine-dependent amidohydrolase/peptidase (CHAP) domain has the capability to show lytic activity against live clinical staphylococcal isolates, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The aim of this study was to clone and express LysK-CHAP domain in Escherichia coli Bl21 DE3 using pET22-b as a secretion vector. (Source: Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives)
Source: Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives - August 20, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Hamed Haddad Kashani, Rezvan Moniri Tags: Original article Source Type: research

Expression of Recombinant pET22b-LysK-CHAP Bacteriophage therapeutic Protein in
Bacteriophage-encoded endolysins are a group of enzymes that act by digesting the peptidoglycan of bacterial cell walls. LysK has been reported to lyses live staphylococcal cultures. LysK proteins containing only the CHAP domain has capability to show lytic activity against live clinical staphylococcal isolates, including MRSA. The aim of study was cloning and expression of LysK-CHAP domain in E.coli Bl21 DE3 by using pET22-b as a secretion vector. The pET22b plasmid was used that encode a pelB secretion signal under control of the strong bacteriophage T7 promoter. (Source: Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives)
Source: Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives - August 20, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Hamed Haddad Kashani, Rezvan Moniri Tags: Original Article Source Type: research