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Table of Contents
(Source: Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics)
Source: Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics - September 1, 2014 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

Contributors
(Source: Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics)
Source: Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics - September 1, 2014 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

Role of Osteotomy in Cartilage Resurfacing Procedures
This study describes the preoperative assessment, technical description, postoperative rehabilitation, and potential pitfalls of each of these 2 osteotomies. (Source: Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics)
Source: Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics - August 8, 2014 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Robert A. Gallo, Henry A. Boateng, Scott A. Lynch Source Type: research

An Autologous Tissue Implant, NeoCart, for Treatment of Hyaline Cartilage Injury in the Knee
NeoCart is an autologous cartilage tissue–engineered implant designed for use in repair of articular cartilage injuries. It uniquely combines a type I bovine-derived collagen scaffold with autogenous chondrocytes and bioreactor treatment. It is currently in the third phase of an investigational study in the United States for treatment of symptomatic articular cartilage lesions of the distal femur. This multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled trial directly compares changes of multiple patient-reported outcome measures over 3 years with a control group undergoing microfracture surgery. (Source: Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics)
Source: Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics - August 8, 2014 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Hannah R. Jones, Dennis C. Crawford Source Type: research

Cartilage biomechanics and implications for treatment of cartilage injuries
Orthopaedic surgeons are involved in the care of the entire musculoskeletal system, which encompasses a wide variety of tissues with differing healing potentials. On one side of the spectrum is bone, which is one of the few tissues that can heal without scar. On the other side of the spectrum is cartilage, which provides structural support and load bearing, but which has little healing potential. The structural content and organization of cartilage are essential to its biomechanical functions. Understanding how the unique characteristics of different types of cartilage relate to their functions will help surgeons select th...
Source: Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics - August 6, 2014 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Alexis C. Dang, Alfred C. Kuo Source Type: research

Microfracture and Ability to Return to Sports After Cartilage Surgery
Microfracture is a simple, effective first-line treatment for small articular cartilage defects in the knee joint. The lesions should be isolated to the articular cartilage with no loss of bone and have a circumferential shoulder of intact cartilage. Postoperative rehabilitation involves 4-6 weeks of protected weight bearing and continuous passive motion. Younger, lighter patients with a shorter duration of symptoms have better outcomes after microfracture. Femoral lesions are associated with better outcomes than patellofemoral lesions are. (Source: Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics)
Source: Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics - August 6, 2014 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: D. Josh Miller, Robert H. Brophy Source Type: research

Cartilage Resurfacing Using Osteochondral Allograft
Osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation is a single-stage technique that transfers viable, mature hyaline cartilage and subchondral bone into size-matched chondral or osteochondral defects. Over the last decade, improvements in allograft storage, harvest, and surgical technique have resulted in encouraging clinical results. Recent clinical success in high-demand patient populations has generated a significant amount of interest in OCA transplantation as a primary treatment for a wide spectrum of large cartilage lesions, including posttraumatic defects, osteochondritis dissecans, and focal osteonecrosis. (Source: Oper...
Source: Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics - August 6, 2014 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Dean Wang, Kristofer J. Jones, Frank A. Petrigliano Source Type: research

Microfracture and Ability to Return to Sports After Cartilage Surgery
Microfracture is a simple, effective first line treatment for small articular cartilage defects in the knee joint. Lesions should be isolated to the articular cartilage with no loss of bone, and have a circumferential shoulder of intact cartilage. Post-operative rehabilitation involves 4-6 weeks of protected weight bearing and continuous passive motion. Younger, lighter patients with a shorter duration of symptoms have better outcomes after microfracture. Femoral lesions are associated with better outcomes than patellofemoral lesions. (Source: Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics)
Source: Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics - August 6, 2014 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: D. Josh Miller, Robert H. Brophy Source Type: research

Cartilage Resurfacing using Osteochondral Allograft
Osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation is a single-stage technique that transfers viable, mature hyaline cartilage and subchondral bone into size-matched chondral or osteochondral defects. Over the last decade, improvements in allograft storage, harvest, and surgical technique have resulted in encouraging clinical results. Recent clinical success in high demand patient populations has generated a significant amount of interest in OCA transplantation as a primary treatment for a wide spectrum of large cartilage lesions, including post-traumatic defects, osteochondritis dissecans, and focal osteonecrosis. (Source: Ope...
Source: Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics - August 6, 2014 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Dean Wang, Kristofer J. Jones, Frank A. Petrigliano Source Type: research

Quantitative Magnetic Resonance imaging of Cartilage Resurfacing Procedures
Recent advances in imaging technology have provided clinicians with multiple options for the evaluation of patients after cartilage resurfacing procedures. These methods, primarily performed with MRI, provide a non-invasive assessment of cartilage health. Novel imaging sequences can evaluate the structure of the collagen network and biochemical composition of the repair tissue, among other properties. Quantitative imaging, including T1ρ, T2 T2*, diffusion weighted imaging and sodium imaging, has the potential to replace second-look arthroscopy as the gold-standard for a longitudinal assessment after cartilage resurfacing....
Source: Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics - August 5, 2014 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Drew A. Lansdown, Musa Zaid, C. Benjamin Ma Source Type: research

Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation: Surgical Technique and Outcomes
Chondral defects of the knee are frequently encountered during arthroscopy. For symptomatic lesions, several surgical options exist. Determining the best surgical option for a patient can be challenging for the treating surgeon. Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) is an articular cartilage–restoring procedure that is commonly used to treat medium-to-large full-thickness cartilage lesions of the knee. It is a 2-stage procedure requiring cartilage biopsy, 4-6 weeks of in vitro chondrocyte expansion, followed by reimplantation. (Source: Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics)
Source: Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics - August 5, 2014 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Brian J. Chilelli, Marissa R. Mastrocola, Andreas H. Gomoll Source Type: research

Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation: Surgical Technique and Outcomes
Chondral defects of the knee are frequently encountered during arthroscopy. For symptomatic lesions several surgical options exist. Determining the best surgical option for a patient can be challenging for the treating surgeon. Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) is an articular cartilage restoring procedure that is commonly used to treat medium to large full-thickness cartilage lesions of the knee. It is a two-stage procedure requiring cartilage biopsy, 4-6 weeks of in-vitro chondrocyte expansion, followed by re-implantation. (Source: Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics)
Source: Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics - August 5, 2014 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Brian J. Chilelli, Marissa R. Mastrocola, Andreas H. Gomoll Source Type: research

Utilizing Mosaicplasty for Cartilage Resurfacing
Osteochondral defects are a significant clinical challenge for orthopaedic surgeons. Patients often experience swelling, clicking, pain, and at times, a feeling of instability. Although some low-demand patients can be adequately managed with nonoperative treatments, active, young patients or older patients with a higher activity level often benefit from surgical intervention for symptomatic lesions. Several surgical therapies exist to treat symptomatic cartilage injuries. Osteochondral autograft transplantation, or mosaicplasty, is an effective treatment for cartilage lesions ranging from 1-5cm2. (Source: Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics)
Source: Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics - August 4, 2014 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Zachary Thielen, Brian T. Feeley Source Type: research