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The Robotic Partial and Total Knee Arthroplasty: The Rise of the Machines
Robotic technology plays a major role in our society today. We use them to build our latest motor vehicles as well as to control military drones. Robotics revolutionized health care in 2000 with the da Vinci Surgical System [Intuitive Surgical Inc]. This surgical robotic system enabled surgeons to increase their accuracy and precision during prostatectomies,1 decreasing risks such as infection, nerve dysfunction, and others by 17.63%.2 Robotics are now being used in other procedures such as hysterectomies, mitral valve repairs, and recently knee arthroplasty. (Source: Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics)
Source: Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics - March 24, 2015 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Anil S. Ranawat, James Satalich Source Type: research

The robotic partial and TKA: The rise of the machines
Robotic technology plays a major role in our society today. We use them to build our latest motor vehicles as well as to control military drones. Robotics revolutionized healthcare in 2000 with the da Vinci Surgical System [Intuitive Surgical Inc.]. This surgical robotic system enabled surgeons to increase their accuracy and precision during prostatectomy’s 1, decreasing risks such as infection, nerve dysfunction and others by 17.63% 2. Robotics are now being used in other procedures such as hysterectomies, mitral valve repairs, and recently knee arthroplasty. (Source: Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics)
Source: Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics - March 24, 2015 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Anil S. Ranawat, James Satalich Source Type: research

Robotic Patellofemoral Replacement
Patellofemoral arthritis is a relatively rare and challenging disease. Patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA) can be an effective treatment, however it remains somewhat controversial. Due to its high failure rates and variable results. There have been numerous studies published in the literature regarding first and second generation implant designs. The evolution of implant design, surgical technique and patient selection have resulted in better mid-term outcomes using second generation designs. For the younger, more active population PFA provides an alternative to TKA that will allow patients to increase their activity level a...
Source: Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics - March 24, 2015 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Kaitlin M. Carroll, David J. Mayman Source Type: research

Robotic Lateral and Medial Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty
Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) for endstage degenerative disease of the knee limited to one compartment is a viable alternative to total knee arthroplasty (TKA). UKA necessitates less bone resection and tissue disruption, reduces blood loss, and preserves cruciate ligaments. UKA can be performed in either of the 3 knee compartments with medial compartment most common. Lateral compartment UKA is a technically difficult surgery, but robotic systems can mitigate the difficulty for surgeons. (Source: Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics)
Source: Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics - March 24, 2015 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Marco A. Augart, Johannes F. Plate, Daniel N. Bracey, Alex Jinnah, Gary G. Poehling, Riyaz H. Jinnah Source Type: research

Available Robotic Platforms in Partial and Total Knee Arthroplasty
Knee arthroplasty typically relieves pain and restores function, but dissatisfaction and early revision occur at a frequency that places a significant burden on patients and the healthcare system. A new generation of computer and robotic systems has been developed to help orthopaedic surgeons enhance precision and accuracy, with the hope of making outcomes more reliable. Surgical robots can be active, semi-active or passive. Each level of robot autonomy versus surgeon control has potential benefits and limitations. (Source: Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics)
Source: Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics - March 24, 2015 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Jonathan H. Koenig, Matthew S. Hepinstall Source Type: research

Advantages of a Cementless Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty Approach
Medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is a procedure designed for resurfacing the medial compartment in isolated medial compartment degenerative joint disease. Many long-term studies have reported the success of UKA. Despite recent interest and isolated reports of success, significant issues still exist today with early failure in UKA. Medial UKA is a promising alternative to TKA for isolated medial compartment DJD. Potential advantages of this treatment option compared to TKA include improved patient satisfaction, more consistent return to sporting activities, quicker recovery, decreased complication risk, and g...
Source: Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics - March 24, 2015 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Gokce Yildirim, Robert Davignon, Laura Scholl, Greg Schmidig, Kaitlin M. Carroll, Andrew D. Pearle Source Type: research

Bi-unicompartmental, robotic-assisted knee arthroplasty
Robotic-assisted surgery has had a significant impact on modern Arthroplasty in the United States. Extensive research has hinted at the potential of robotics to improve different aspects of surgery (e.g. higher precision and associated favorable clinical outcomes). In addition to technical advances in surgery, there is also progress regarding knee implant design, e.g. implants designed to obviate the need for sacrificing cruciate ligaments of the knee during surgery, which is believed to lead to preferable functional outcomes and more natural knee motion. (Source: Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics)
Source: Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics - March 24, 2015 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Marius Dettmer, Stefan W. Kreuzer Source Type: research

All Polyethylene Tibial Components for Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty
All polyethylene and metal backed tibial components are available for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). While the early design all polyethylene component were largely replaced by metal backed components, improvement in polyethylene wear characteristics, component design and surgical technique have renewed interest in all polyethylene (InLay) components. In comparison to metal backed (OnLay) designs, InLays require less bone resection and are easier to revise total knee replacements. Early aseptic loosening, tibial component subsidence and anterior knee pain were found to be the primary contributors to failure of In...
Source: Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics - March 24, 2015 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Johannes F. Plate, Marco A. Augart, Daniel N. Bracey, Alex Jinnah, Riyaz H. Jinnah, Gary G. Poehling Source Type: research

Robotic and Sensor-Assisted Technologies in Knee Arthroplasty
The advancements in knee arthroplasty over the last several decades have focused on implant material and design. Recently, the focus on improved surgical technique to maximize patient outcomes and implant longevity has become integrated into the surgeons’ workflow. Robotics, and advanced sensor technologies, enable precise surgical techniques with reproducible surgical outcomes. The ability to provide surgeons with dynamic intra-operative feedback, coupled with a defined algorithmic approach in their operative execution, enables surgeons of all expertise and experience to achieve their surgical plan in an efficient manne...
Source: Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics - March 24, 2015 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: M.W. Roche Source Type: research

Masthead
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Source: Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics - March 1, 2015 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

Editorial Board
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Source: Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics - March 1, 2015 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

Table of Contents
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Source: Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics - March 1, 2015 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

Contributors
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Source: Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics - March 1, 2015 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

Tendon Transfers for Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tear
Management of massive irreparable rotator cuff tears can be challenging. In patients who are not candidates for shoulder arthroplasty, either because of age or higher levels of activity, tendon transfers remain a good surgical option to reconstruct the deficient rotator cuff. The latissimus dorsi is the most commonly described tendon transfer for posterior-superior rotator cuff deficiency. Additional options include teres major and lower trapezius transfers. For anterior-superior irreparable rotator cuff tears the pectoralis major transfer, whether superficial or deep to the conjoined tendon, is the most commonly described...
Source: Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics - December 11, 2014 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Badley Schoch, Eric Wagner, Bassem Elhassan Source Type: research

Arthroscopic Subacromial Decompression
Subacromial impingement is a common cause of shoulder pain initiated by abnormal compression between the rotator cuff tendons and the undersurface of the acromion. This compression leads to an inflammatory response within the subacromial space, which manifests as anterolateral arm pain that increases with overhead activity. Nearly all cases of subacromial impingement should be managed conservatively with interventions including physical therapy, activity modification, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications, and corticosteroid injections. (Source: Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics)
Source: Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics - December 9, 2014 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Michael P. McClincy, Mark W. Rodosky Source Type: research